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Text-fig. 1. Diplopanax cacaoides (ZENKER) comb. nov. a–d: [Holotype of Mastixia cantia E.REID et M.CHANDLER, V.22953]. a: Lateral view of longitudinally broken specimen, reflected light. b–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. b: Lateral view of longitudinal fracture surface. c: Same specimen rotated to show external surface. d: Enlargement of lower half from (a, b), reflected light. e, f: Specimen figured originally as a paratype of M. cantia, V.22954 (Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 3), reflected light. e: Ventral view with much of the endocarp wall fallen away exposing smooth convex ventral surface of locule cast. f: Transversely fractured surface, showing thick wall of the endocarp, and dehiscence plane leading to the left limb of the locule. g: Transversely sectioned, laterally compressed specimen from Miocene of Wiesa, Germany for comparison, Senckenberg Museum, SM.B. 21034/I. h–j: Digital transverse sections from micro-CT data of the Holotype V.22953. h: Transverse fracture surface from (b), showing curved locule and zone of weakness defining the germination valve (arrow), reflected light. i: Same orientation with clear demarcation of the separation plane of the germination valve (arrow), digital section from micro-CT scan. j: Enlargement from (h). Scale bars 5 mm. in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision

Text-fig. 1. Diplopanax cacaoides (ZENKER) comb. nov. a–d: [Holotype of Mastixia cantia E.REID et M.CHANDLER, V.22953]. a: Lateral view of longitudinally broken specimen, reflected light. b–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. b: Lateral view of longitudinal fracture surface. c: Same specimen rotated to show external surface. d: Enlargement of lower half from (a, b), reflected light. e, f: Specimen figured originally as a paratype of M. cantia, V.22954 (Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 3), reflected light. e: Ventral view with much of the endocarp wall fallen away exposing smooth convex ventral surface of locule cast. f: Transversely fractured surface, showing thick wall of the endocarp, and dehiscence plane leading to the left limb of the locule. g: Transversely sectioned, laterally compressed specimen from Miocene of Wiesa, Germany for comparison, Senckenberg Museum, SM.B. 21034/I. h–j: Digital transverse sections from micro-CT data of the Holotype V.22953. h: Transverse fracture surface from (b), showing curved locule and zone of weakness defining the germination valve (arrow), reflected light. i: Same orientation with clear demarcation of the separation plane of the germination valve (arrow), digital section from micro-CT scan. j: Enlargement from (h). Scale bars 5 mm.

Text-fig. 3. Juglandaceae. Carya (a–x). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–e: USNM PAL 772346. Micro-CT scan surface rendering. a, b: Lateral, c: apical, d: basal views. e: Virtual equatorial transverse section. f–n: USNM PAL 772347. f: Lateral view, reflected light, showing path of saw cut for transverse section of (i). g: Basal view, reflected light. h: Apical view, micro-CT surface rendering. i: Physical transverse section displaying locule and cellular preservation of parts of wall. j–n: Virtual sections from micro-CT scan data. j: Transverse section at apical 1/3 of nut. Note narrow lacunae (arrows). k: Longitudinal section parallel to primary septum, traversing one of the cotyledon lobes and showing secondary septum at base. l: Longitudinal section in plane at right angles to (k) in plane of primary septum, showing divergent placental bundles arising from base of nut (arrows). m: Equatorial transverse section showing two lobes of locule separated by primary septum. n: Transverse section near base of nut showing primary and secondary septa, creating four basal lobes of locule; note diverging placental bundles (arrows). o–x: USNM PAL 772351. o: Lateral view of broken nut with exposed locule cast, reflected light. p: Same orientation of nut, micro-CT surface rendering. q: Same specimen lateral view, rotated 90° from (p), micro-CT surface rendering. r: Apical view, reflected light. s–x: Virtual sections from micro-CT in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.

Text-fig. 3. Juglandaceae. Carya (a–x). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–e: USNM PAL 772346. Micro-CT scan surface rendering. a, b: Lateral, c: apical, d: basal views. e: Virtual equatorial transverse section. f–n: USNM PAL 772347. f: Lateral view, reflected light, showing path of saw cut for transverse section of (i). g: Basal view, reflected light. h: Apical view, micro-CT surface rendering. i: Physical transverse section displaying locule and cellular preservation of parts of wall. j–n: Virtual sections from micro-CT scan data. j: Transverse section at apical 1/3 of nut. Note narrow lacunae (arrows). k: Longitudinal section parallel to primary septum, traversing one of the cotyledon lobes and showing secondary septum at base. l: Longitudinal section in plane at right angles to (k) in plane of primary septum, showing divergent placental bundles arising from base of nut (arrows). m: Equatorial transverse section showing two lobes of locule separated by primary septum. n: Transverse section near base of nut showing primary and secondary septa, creating four basal lobes of locule; note diverging placental bundles (arrows). o–x: USNM PAL 772351. o: Lateral view of broken nut with exposed locule cast, reflected light. p: Same orientation of nut, micro-CT surface rendering. q: Same specimen lateral view, rotated 90° from (p), micro-CT surface rendering. r: Apical view, reflected light. s–x: Virtual sections from micro-CT

Text-fig. 6. Cornaceae. Alangium (a–e), Mastixia (f–r). a–e: Alangium, DMNH EPI.47806. Scale bar = 1 cm. b, e: Reflected light, palladium coated. a, c, d: Micro-CT scan surface rendering. a: Locule cast, face view of slightly larger locule. b: Face view of slightly smaller locule. c: Lateral view of the endocarp, the slightly enlarged left carpel separated from the smaller carpel by a longitudinal septal groove; the faint pitting in the groove suggestive of the septal vasculature. d, e: Views of either end of the endocarp, illustrating the size difference between the two carpels and the pitting in the septal groove suggestive of the septal vasculature. f–k: Mastixia USNM PAL 772362. Scale bar = 1 cm. f, g, j, k: reflected light, palladium coated; h, i: micro-CT scan surface rendering. f: Lateral view of endocarp, inferred dorsal germination valve groove facing the viewer. Note irregular, rugose, longitudinal ridges. g: Lateral view of endocarp, inferred germination valve with median longitudinal groove to left. h: Lateral view of endocarp reoriented with the same longitudinal groove to the right. i: Lateral view, rotated to ventral surface. j: View of one end of the endocarp, germination valve groove up. k: Opposite end view, with prominent radial ridges and intervening grooves, germination valve groove up. l–r: Mastixia USNM PAL 772363. Scale bar = 1 cm. l: View of one face of endocarp, displaying a groove that may represent the surficial expression of the dorsal infold of a Mastixia-like germination valve. Surface badly eroded, reflected light, palladium coated. m: Opposite face of endocarp displaying extensive erosion and a central hole interpreted as feeding damage. n: Lateral view; m, n micro-CT scan surface renderings. o: A view of one end, displaying the prominent groove, reflected light, palladium coated. p: Opposite end to (o). q: View as in (o); p, q micro-CT scan surface renderings. r: Virtual transverse section showing curved locule (arrows). in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.

Text-fig. 6. Cornaceae. Alangium (a–e), Mastixia (f–r). a–e: Alangium, DMNH EPI.47806. Scale bar = 1 cm. b, e: Reflected light, palladium coated. a, c, d: Micro-CT scan surface rendering. a: Locule cast, face view of slightly larger locule. b: Face view of slightly smaller locule. c: Lateral view of the endocarp, the slightly enlarged left carpel separated from the smaller carpel by a longitudinal septal groove; the faint pitting in the groove suggestive of the septal vasculature. d, e: Views of either end of the endocarp, illustrating the size difference between the two carpels and the pitting in the septal groove suggestive of the septal vasculature. f–k: Mastixia USNM PAL 772362. Scale bar = 1 cm. f, g, j, k: reflected light, palladium coated; h, i: micro-CT scan surface rendering. f: Lateral view of endocarp, inferred dorsal germination valve groove facing the viewer. Note irregular, rugose, longitudinal ridges. g: Lateral view of endocarp, inferred germination valve with median longitudinal groove to left. h: Lateral view of endocarp reoriented with the same longitudinal groove to the right. i: Lateral view, rotated to ventral surface. j: View of one end of the endocarp, germination valve groove up. k: Opposite end view, with prominent radial ridges and intervening grooves, germination valve groove up. l–r: Mastixia USNM PAL 772363. Scale bar = 1 cm. l: View of one face of endocarp, displaying a groove that may represent the surficial expression of the dorsal infold of a Mastixia-like germination valve. Surface badly eroded, reflected light, palladium coated. m: Opposite face of endocarp displaying extensive erosion and a central hole interpreted as feeding damage. n: Lateral view; m, n micro-CT scan surface renderings. o: A view of one end, displaying the prominent groove, reflected light, palladium coated. p: Opposite end to (o). q: View as in (o); p, q micro-CT scan surface renderings. r: Virtual transverse section showing curved locule (arrows).

Text-fig. 4. Juglandaceae Carya (a–w). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–d: USNM PAL 772352, reflected light, palladium coated. a: Obliquelateral view of nut, apex up. b: Basal view with damage to left and clear depiction of meridional grooves. c, d: Two lateral views oriented about 130° from each other and avoiding the area of damage; the meridional grooves clear in (c). e–l: USNM PAL 772350. e: Intact nut, lateral view, apex up, reflected light. f: One half of split nut revealing in situ chalcedony locule cast, reflected light. g–k: Virtual sections from micro-CT data. g: Longitudinal section parallel to the exposed face in (f). h: Longitudinal section at 90° from (g). i: Transverse section in apical 1/3 showing locule bracketed by C-shaped lacunae (arrows). j: Equatorial transverse section showing two lobes of the locule separated by primary septum, lacuna evident below as white line. k: Transverse section near base in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.

Text-fig. 4. Juglandaceae Carya (a–w). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–d: USNM PAL 772352, reflected light, palladium coated. a: Obliquelateral view of nut, apex up. b: Basal view with damage to left and clear depiction of meridional grooves. c, d: Two lateral views oriented about 130° from each other and avoiding the area of damage; the meridional grooves clear in (c). e–l: USNM PAL 772350. e: Intact nut, lateral view, apex up, reflected light. f: One half of split nut revealing in situ chalcedony locule cast, reflected light. g–k: Virtual sections from micro-CT data. g: Longitudinal section parallel to the exposed face in (f). h: Longitudinal section at 90° from (g). i: Transverse section in apical 1/3 showing locule bracketed by C-shaped lacunae (arrows). j: Equatorial transverse section showing two lobes of the locule separated by primary septum, lacuna evident below as white line. k: Transverse section near base

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An Objective Detection of Separation Scenario in Tropical Cyclone Trajectories Based on Ensemble Weather Forecast Data

<p>This repository contains the data used in "An Objective Detection of Separation Scenario in Tropical Cyclone Trajectories Based on Ensemble Weather Forecast Data" by Oettli and Kotsuki (submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres).</p>

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Segmentation masks of ZooScan images focusing on images with several objects separated by a human operator

<p>All information is available from the original publication page: https://doi.org/10.17882/99663</p>

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2006View details →

Figs 1–3. 1 in West African Earthworm Genus Millsonia Beddard, 1894 (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Benhamiinae) Reviewed And Separation Of A New Genus

Figs 1–3. 1 = R. (P.) omodeoi (SIMS, 1986): a = excretory system, b = sketch drawing of the excretory system. Abbreviation – sm: exonephric sac–shaped meronephridium; cch: collecting channel, fm: filiform enteronephric megameronephridium, nc: nerve cord, nf: nephridial funnel. 2–3 = Male field:

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Figs 8–9. R in West African Earthworm Genus Millsonia Beddard, 1894 (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Benhamiinae) Reviewed And Separation Of A New Genus

Figs 8–9. R. (P.) omodeoi (SIMS, 1986): 8 = ventral view of the praeclitellar region, 9 = stermatheca

Fig. 8 in A morphometric approach to the specific separation of the humeri and femora of Dicraeosaurus from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru,Tanzania

Fig. 8. Procrustes fits (A, C) and PCA values (B, D) of Dicraeosaurus, Giraffatitan, and Amargasaurus humeri. A. Procrustes fits of Dicraeosaurus sattleri (open circles), Dicraeosaurus hansemanni (crosses), and Giraffatitan brancai (stars) anterior face. B. PCA values of same taxa, large circle is mean value of deviance for Dicraeosaurus sattleri; 1, MB.R.2631; 2, MB.R.2655; 3, MB.R.2657; 4, MB.R.4912; 5, MB.R.2911. C. Procrustes fits of D. sattleri (open circles), D. hansemanni (crosses), and Amargasaurus cazaui (stars) anterior face. D. PCA values of same taxa, large circle is mean value of deviance for D. sattleri; 1, MB.R.2631; 2, MB.R.2655; 3, MB.R.2657; 4, MB.R.4912; 5, MACN-N 15.

Fig. 9 in A morphometric approach to the specific separation of the humeri and femora of Dicraeosaurus from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru,Tanzania

Fig. 9. Procrustes fits (A, C) and PCA values (B, D) of Dicraeosaurus femora. A. Procrustes fits of Dicraeosaurus sattleri (circles) and Dicraeosaurus hansemanni (crosses), posterior face. B. PCA values of same taxa, larger symbols denoting mean values for each group; 1, MB.R. 2697; 2, MB.R.2638; 3, MB.R.4886.92; 4, MB.R.4886.93; 5, MB.R.2696; 6, MB.R.2695. C. Procrustes fits of D. sattleri (circles) and D. hansemanni (crosses), femora proximal, posterior face. D. PCA values of same taxa, larger symbols denoting mean values for each group; 1, MB.R.2638; 2, MB.R.2697; 3, MB.R.2915; 4, MB.R.2695; 5, MB.R.2696; 6, MB.R.4886.92; 7, MB.R.4886.93.

Fig. 7 in A morphometric approach to the specific separation of the humeri and femora of Dicraeosaurus from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru,Tanzania

Fig. 7. Procrustes fits (A, C) and PCA values (B, D) of Dicraeosaurus humeri. A. Procrustes fits of Dicraeosaurus sattleri (open circles) and Dicraeosaurus hansemanni (crosses), anterior face. B. PCA values of same taxa, large circle is mean value of deviance for D. sattleri; 1, MB.R.2631; 2, MB.R.2655; 3 , MB.R.2657; 4, MB.R.4912. C. Procrustes fits of D. sattleri (open circles) and D. hansemanni (crosses), posterior face. D. PCA values of same taxa, large circle is mean value of deviance for D. sattleri; 1, MB.R.2631; 2, MB.R.2634; 3, MB.R.2655; 4, MB.R.2657; 5, MB.R.4912.

Fig. 6 in A morphometric approach to the specific separation of the humeri and femora of Dicraeosaurus from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru,Tanzania

Fig. 6. Thin-plate Splines of femora of dicraeosaurid dinosaurs Dicraeosaurus and Amargasaurus. A. Reference shape of femora of Dicraeosaurus. B. MB.R.2638, Dicraeosaurus sattleri in comparison with reference shape slightly shortened femoral head, 4th trochanter proximally displaced and longer tibial condyles. C. MB.R.4886.92, Dicraeosaurus hansemanni in comparison with reference shape femoral head slightly medially and proximally enlarged and distal condyli approaching each other. D. MB.R.4886.93, D. hansemanni in comparison with reference shape 4th trochanter displaced distally and medially, and distal condyles approaching each other. E. Reference shape of femur of Amargasuarus cazaui, MACN N-15. Printouts from tpsSplin (Rohlf 2004a). Not to scale.

Fig. 4 in A morphometric approach to the specific separation of the humeri and femora of Dicraeosaurus from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru,Tanzania

Fig. 4. Landmark positions used for the bones of Dicraeosaurus and Amargasaurus. A. Left humerus in anterior aspect, 1. and 4. maximum width of proximal extremity, measured on medial and lateral margin of proximal extremity; 2. and 3. latero-medial width of articular surface of humeral head (3. is also proximal border of deltopectoral crest); 5. peak (highest elevation) of deltopectoral crest; 6. and 7. medial and lateral margin of shaft at distal end of deltopectoral crest; 8. and 11. maximum width of distal extremity, measured on medial and lateral margin of distal extremity; 9. distal medial ridge; 10 distal lateral ridge. B. Left humerus posterior aspect. 1. and 4. maximum width of proximal extremity, measured on medial and lateral margin of proximal extremity; 2. and 3. latero-medial width of articular surface of humeral head; 5. and 6. minimum shaft diameter measured at the medial and lateral margin of the shaft; 7. and 11. maximum width of distal extremity, measured on medial and lateral margin of distal extremity; 8–10. boundary of olecranon fossa. C. Left femur posterior aspect. 1. medial margin of femoral head; 2. lateral margin of femoral head; 3. greater trochanter; 4. lesser trochanter (lateral end); 5. peak (maximum elevation) of 4th trochanter; 6. and 7. minimum shaft diameter measured at the medial and lateral margin of the shaft (7. is also distal end of 4th trochanter); 8. and 12. maximum width of distal extremity, measured on medial and lateral margin of distal extremity; 9. centre of fibular condyle; 10. maximum elevation of lateral condyle; 11. maximum elevation of tibial condyle.

Fig. 3 in A morphometric approach to the specific separation of the humeri and femora of Dicraeosaurus from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru,Tanzania

Fig. 3. Studied sample of femora of dicraeosaurid dinosaurs Dicraeosaurus in posterior aspect. Dicraeosaurus hansemanni (A, B), Dicraeosaurus sattleri (C–G), and Amargasaurus cazaui (H). A. MB.R.4886.92, right femur. B. MB.R.4886.93 left femur. A and B belong to the mounted skeleton "m". C. MB.R.2695, right femur. D. MB.R.2696, right femur. E. MB.R.2697, right femur. F. MB.R.2638, left femur. G. MB.R.2915, left femur. H. MACN-N 15, left femur. Scale bars 20 cm.

Fig. 2 in A morphometric approach to the specific separation of the humeri and femora of Dicraeosaurus from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru,Tanzania

Fig. 2. Studied sample of humeri of dicraeosaurid dinosaurs Dicraeosaurus and Amargasaurus in anterior aspect. Dicraeosaurus hansemanni (A), Dicraeosaurus sattleri (B–E), and Amargasaurus cazaui (F). A. MB.R.4912, right humerus. B. MB.R.2631, right humerus. C. MB.R.2634, right humerus. D. MB.R.2655, left humerus. E. MB.R.2657, left humerus. F. MACN-N 15, right humerus. Scale bars 10 cm.

Fig. 5 in Methods to separate Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) males from females for the implementation of sterile insect-inherited sterility technique control tactics

Fig. 5. The percentages of male and female Lobesia botrana adults that emerged from the pupal stage on each consecutive d afer the onset of adult emergence.

Fig. 6 in Methods to separate Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) males from females for the implementation of sterile insect-inherited sterility technique control tactics

Fig. 6. Distribution of Lobesia botrana male and female pupae based on the overall lengths of the pupae.

Fig. 3. R, G and B in Methods to separate Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) males from females for the implementation of sterile insect-inherited sterility technique control tactics

Fig. 3. R, G and B color values of male and female Lobesia botrana larvae during the wandering phase. A. Average R, G and B color values of wandering male and female larvae, and B. Percentages of wandering red, green and blue larvae in relation to the R, G and B values as a proportion of total male and female larvae. * P = 0.001, Tukey α = 0.05.

Fig. 1 in Methods to separate Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) males from females for the implementation of sterile insect-inherited sterility technique control tactics

Fig. 1. Lobesia botrana pupae indicating the number of abdominal segments in (A) male (4 segments), and (B) female pupae (3 segments) as measured from the abdomen tip to the wing's point, and (C) distance between the head and the abdomen tip as a measurement of pupal length.

Fig. 4 in Methods to separate Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) males from females for the implementation of sterile insect-inherited sterility technique control tactics

Fig. 4. The percentages of wandering Lobesia botrana larvae that departed from their food on each consecutive day of the wandering phase and that sub- sequently developed into either adult males or adult females.