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FIG. 13 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication
FIG. 13. — Ulnae of GT 50'06: A-D, Right ulna; A, anterior view; B, lateral view; C, posterior view; D, medial view. E-F, Olecranon process of the left ulna; E, anterior view; F, lateral view; G, posterior view; H, medial view. Scale bar: 1 cm.
FIG. 10 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication
FIG. 10. — Mandible of GT 50'06: A, ventral view; B, dorsal view; C, left buccal view; D, right buccal view. Scale bar: 1 cm.
FIG. 6 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication
FIG. 6. — Right upper cheek tooth row of GT 50'06: A, P4-M3, B, detail of the posterior part of the M3 (occlusal view) with the separation between the posteroloph and the metacone (in red). Scale bar: 1 mm.
FIG. 4 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication
FIG. 4 — List of measurements taken in this study and used for the index calculations.Bathyergus janetta Thomas and Schwann, 1904, specimen TM 39332: A, dorsal view of the skull; B, ventral view of the skull; C, dorsal view of the mandible; D, occlusal view of the left cheek teeth raw; E, anterior view of the left humerus; F, anterior view of the left ulna; G, medial view of the left ulna. Abbreviations: SL, length of the skull; SW, width of the skull; CRL, length of the cheek teeth raw; ML, length of the hemimandible; HL, length of the humerus; DW, length of the humeral diaphysis; DEW, width of the distal epiphysis; PEW, width of the proximal epiphysis; UL, length of the ulna; DuW, width of the ulna diaphysis; OPL, length of the olecranon process; TL, length of the tooth; TW, width of the tooth. Scale bars: 1 cm.
FIG. 1 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication
FIG. 1. — Map of the Sperrgebiet (Diamond Area 1, Namib Desert, Namibia) and location of the palaeontological sites (modified after Roche 2012).
FIG. 16 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication
FIG. 16. — Tibiae of GT 50'06: A-D, Left tibia (A, anterior view; B, lateral view; C, posterior view; D, medial view); E-H, proximal epiphysis of the right tibia (E, anterior view; F, lateral view; G, posterior view; H, medial view;) I, left fibula. Scale bar: 1 cm.
FIG. 15 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication
FIG. 15. — Femora of GT 50'06: A-D, Proximal epiphysis of the left femur; A, anterior view; B, lateral view; C, posterior view; D, medial view. E-H, Shaft of the right femur; E, anterior view; F, lateral view; G, posterior view; H, medial view. I-L, Shaft of the left femur; I, anterior view; J, lateral view; K, posterior view; L, medial view. Scale bar: 1 cm.
FIG. 26 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication
FIG. 26. — Ulnae of extant fossorial rodents and GT 50'06: Cryptomys damarensis (Ogilby, 1838) TM 45891, left ulna; A, anterior view; F, lateral view; Cryptomys hottentotus (Lesson, 1826) AZ 834, right ulna; B, anterior view; G, lateral view; Bathyergus janetta Thomas & Schwann, 1904 TM 39332, left ulna; C, anterior view; H, lateral view; Tachyoryctes splendens (Rüppell, 1835) 820 38 M 1, right ulna; D, anterior view; I, lateral view; Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 GT 50'06, right ulna; E, anterior view; J, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 cm.
FIG. 28 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication
FIG. 28. — Tibio-fibulae of extant fossorial rodents and GT 50'06: Cryptomys hottentotus (Lesson, 1826) AZ 834, right tibio-fibula; A, anterior view; F, postero-medial view; Cryptomys damarensis (Ogilby, 1838) TM 45891, left tibio-fibula; B, anterior view; G, postero-medial view; Bathyergus janetta Thomas & Schwann, 1904 TM 39332, left tibio-fibula; C, anterior view; H, postero-medial view; Heliophobius argentocinereus Peters, 1846 TM 45931, left tibio-fibula; D, anterior view; I, postero-medial view; Tachyoryctes splendens (Rüppell, 1835) 820 38 M 1, right tibio-fibula; E, anterior view; J, postero-medial view; Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 GT 50'06, left tibia; K, anterior view; L, posterior view. Scale bars: 1 cm.
FIG. 25 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication
FIG. 25. — Humeri of extant fossorial rodents and of GT 50'06; Cryptomys damarensis (Ogilby, 1838) TM 45891, left humerus A, anterior view; F, lateral view; K, posterior view; Cryptomys hottentotus (Lesson, 1826) AZ 834, right humerus; B, anterior view; G, lateral view; L, posterior view; Bathyergus janetta Thomas & Schwann, 1904 TM 39332, left humerus; C, anterior view; H, lateral view; M, posterior view; Heliophobius argentocinereus Peters, 1846 TM 45931, right humerus; D, anterior view; I, lateral view; N, posterior view; Tachyoryctes splendens (Rüppell, 1835) 820 38 M 1, right humerus; E, anterior view; J, lateral view; O, posterior view; Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 GT 50'06, right humerus; P, anterior view; Q, lateral view; R, posterior view. Scale bars: 1 cm.
FIG. 5 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication
FIG. 5 — Upper Incisor and mandible of GT 50'06: A-D, left upper incisor; A, labial view; B, mesial view; C, lingual view; D, distal view. E-G, mandible; E, right lateral view; F, inferior view; G, occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm.
FIG. 9 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication
FIG. 9. — Skull of GT 50'06: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, left lateral view; D, occipital view. Scale bar: 1 cm.
FIG. 23 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication
FIG. 23. — Skulls of extant fossorial rodents and GT 50'06; Cryptomys hottentotus AZ 834: A, upper view; E, palatal view; I, left lateral view; Bathyergus suillus (Schreber, 1782) TM 39392: B, upper view; F, palatal view; J, left lateral view; Georychus capensis (Pallas, 1778) TM 38360: C, upper view; G, palatal view; K, left lateral view; Heliophobius argentocinereus Peters, 1846 TM 45931: D, upper view; H, palatal view; L, left lateral view; Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 GT 50'06: M, upper view; N, palatal view; O, left lateral view. Scale bars: 1 cm.
FIG. 11 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication
FIG. 11. — Lingual view of A, LT 200b'98; B, LT 50'19, specimens of Bathyergoides neotertiarius. Scale bar: 1 cm.
FIG. 12 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication
FIG. 12. — Humeri of GT 50'06: A-D, Right humerus; A, anterior view; B, lateral view; C, posterior view; D, medial view. E-H, Left humerus; E, anterior view; F, lateral view; G, posterior view; H, medial view. I-J, Proximal (I) and distal (J) view of the right humerus. K, proximal view of the left humerus. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Topographically distinct adaptive landscapes for teeth, skeletons, and size explain the adaptive radiation of Carnivora (Mammalia)
<p>Models of adaptive radiation were originally developed to explain the early, rapid appearance of distinct modes of life within diversifying clades. Phylogenetic tests of this hypothesis have yielded limited support for temporally declining rates of phenotypic evolution across diverse clades, but the concept of an adaptive landscape that links form to fitness, while also crucial to these models, has received more limited attention. Using methods that assess the temporal accumulation of morphological variation and estimate the topography of the underlying adaptive landscape, I found evidence of an early partitioning of craniodental morphological variation in Carnivora (Mammalia) that occurs on an adaptive landscape with multiple peaks, consistent with classic ideas about adaptive radiation. Although strong support for this mode of adaptive radiation is present in traits related to diet, its signal is not present in body mass data or for traits related to locomotor behavior and substrate use. These findings suggest that adaptive radiations may occur along some axes of ecomorphological variation without leaving a signal in others and that their dynamics are more complex than simple univariate tests might suggest.</p>
Text-fig. 3. CT slices on Block 3. Invertebrate moulds (a, c) and remains of their hard skeletons (a, b). Large areas of limestone matrix hold either only a few scattered invertebrates or no fossil at all (b, c). Ring artefacts seen close to the isocentre of the scan (b, c) are a well-known phenomenon caused by the X-ray beams traversing the block at an insufficient radiation dose (as expected in such a large block of dense material), and are not part of any physical structure present therein (Triche et al. 2019). in Hidden Treasures Uncovered: Successful Detection Of Fossils Below The Surface In Large Limestone Blocks Using A Standard Medical X-Ray Ct Scanner
Text-fig. 3. CT slices on Block 3. Invertebrate moulds (a, c) and remains of their hard skeletons (a, b). Large areas of limestone matrix hold either only a few scattered invertebrates or no fossil at all (b, c). Ring artefacts seen close to the isocentre of the scan (b, c) are a well-known phenomenon caused by the X-ray beams traversing the block at an insufficient radiation dose (as expected in such a large block of dense material), and are not part of any physical structure present therein (Triche et al. 2019).
Text-fig. 9. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: right dentalosplenial of adult specimen in lateral view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; b: left dentalospelenial and suboperculum in medial view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; c: set of bones of the right side of the cheek displaying maxilla, preoperculum, hyomandibula, left and right ceratohyal, epibranchial and neural spine from the axial skeleton, G 123, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the right frontal in dorsal view, GMC 81, scale bar 5 mm; e: right operculum in lateral view, GMC 10, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: Cbr – ceratobranchial, Cer – ceratohyal, Ds – dorsal spine, Hy – hyomandibula, Md – mandible, Mx – maxilla, Op – operculum, Pop – preoperculum. in New Actinopterygians From The Permian Of The Brive Basin, And The Ichthyofaunas Of The French Massif Central
Text-fig. 9. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: right dentalosplenial of adult specimen in lateral view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; b: left dentalospelenial and suboperculum in medial view, GMC 1, scale bar 5 mm; c: set of bones of the right side of the cheek displaying maxilla, preoperculum, hyomandibula, left and right ceratohyal, epibranchial and neural spine from the axial skeleton, G 123, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the right frontal in dorsal view, GMC 81, scale bar 5 mm; e: right operculum in lateral view, GMC 10, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: Cbr – ceratobranchial, Cer – ceratohyal, Ds – dorsal spine, Hy – hyomandibula, Md – mandible, Mx – maxilla, Op – operculum, Pop – preoperculum.
Text-fig. 8. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen in lateral view, GMC 43, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen, imprint of the maxillary medial face with a distinctive horizontal lamina, lower jaw in lateral view, GMC 83, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: haemal arch of the axial skeleton and fragment of a strong undivided lepidotrichium, GMC 25, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the haemal arch, GMC 25, scale bar 5 mm; e: jugal in medial view with the infraorbital sensory canal and imprint of the sculpture on the lateral face of the bone, GMC 7, whitened, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: ha – haemal arch, hl – horizontal lamina, hs – haemal spine, ioc – infraorbital sensory canal, lep – lepidotrichium. in New Actinopterygians From The Permian Of The Brive Basin, And The Ichthyofaunas Of The French Massif Central
Text-fig. 8. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen in lateral view, GMC 43, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen, imprint of the maxillary medial face with a distinctive horizontal lamina, lower jaw in lateral view, GMC 83, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: haemal arch of the axial skeleton and fragment of a strong undivided lepidotrichium, GMC 25, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the haemal arch, GMC 25, scale bar 5 mm; e: jugal in medial view with the infraorbital sensory canal and imprint of the sculpture on the lateral face of the bone, GMC 7, whitened, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: ha – haemal arch, hl – horizontal lamina, hs – haemal spine, ioc – infraorbital sensory canal, lep – lepidotrichium.
Figure 2 in A Partial Skeleton of the Tyrannosaurid Dinosaur Aublysodon from the Upper Cretaceous of New Mexico
Figure 2—Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus (OMNH 10131). Frontal-parietal mass in 1, dorsal view, and 2, right lateral view; left postorbital in 3, medial view, and 4, lateral view; left dentary in 5, medial view, and 6, lateral view. Abbreviations: cl, cleft in frontal; fr, frontal and suture for frontal; j, suture for jugal; lsp, suture for laterosphenoid; p, parietal; po, suture for postorbital; sq, broken squamosal process. Scale bar 10 cm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.