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85 results for “soil biota”
Sympatric pairings of dryland grass populations, mycorrhizal fungi, and associated soil biota enhance mutualism and ameliorate drought stress
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Sympatric soil biota mitigate a warmer-drier climate for Bouteloua gracilis
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Data from: Soil biota suppress positive plant diversity effects on productivity at high but not low soil fertility
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Data from: Resistance of soil biota and plant growth to disturbance increases with plant diversity
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Data from: Synergistic effects of canopy chemistry and autogenic soil biota on a global invader
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Data from: Crops and their wild progenitors recruit beneficial and detrimental soil biota in opposing ways
<p>Aims</p> <p>Conventional agriculture promotes negative feedbacks of soil microbes on crop performance (plant soil feedbacks, PSFs) by stimulating species-specific pathogens. Crop traits, modified by domestication, also influence PSFs. Therefore, we asked if crop cultivars and their wild progenitors promote soil pathogens and mutualists differently, and thus trigger different PSFs.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We studied PSFs in cultivated varieties and wild progenitors of ten crops. In a first season, we grew all genotypes separately in a common soil to obtain genotype-specific soil inocula ('trained soil') for a second season. In season two, we examined the effects of the trained soil on plant interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and with root-feeding nematodes, and on plant performance.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Mycorrhizal colonization was lower, and nematode infection rate was higher, in plant roots growing on soils previously trained by domesticated plants. Moreover, domesticated plants showed lower mycorrhizal colonization, and higher nematode infection rates than their wild progenitors, irrespective of previous soil training. The response of plant performance to soil training was species-specific and unrelated to cultivated vs wild status.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Soil legacies differed between cultivated varieties and their wild progenitors, suggesting an impact of domestication on the way rhizosphere organisms are recruited, on the resistance of plants to herbivores, and on their interactions with root mutualists.</p>
Data from: Testing the plant growth-defense hypothesis belowground: do faster-growing herbaceous plant species suffer more negative effects from soil biota than slower-growing ones?
According to the growth-defense hypothesis in ecology, faster-growing plant species should suffer more from herbivores and pathogens than slower-growing species. Tests of this hypothesis have focused on aboveground plant tissues, herbivores, and pathogens; however, it should also apply to root defense. To test whether faster-growing species suffer more negatively from soil biota than slower-growing species, we estimated first-season growth rates of 34 herbaceous plant species and used weighted linear regressions to assess the relationship between growth rates and responses to being grown in sterilized versus unsterilized soil (biotic soil effects) and to growing in soil previously occupied by conspecifics versus a mixture of species (conspecific soil effects). We found a negative relationship between relative growth rate and biotic soil effects, with slower-growing species tending to suffer less or even benefit from the presence of soil biota, while faster-growing species were more negatively affected. Biotic soil effects were also negatively related to size-corrected growth rates. These relationships remained negative after accounting for influential species, but a large amount of variation remained unexplained. Moreover, there was no clear relationship between growth rates and conspecific soil effects. A simple relationship between growth and defense aboveground may not be so clearly reflected belowground because of the many interacting antagonistic and mutualistic organisms likely involved.
Supplementary material 3 from: McNeill MR, Phillips CB, Robinson AP, Aalders L, Richards N, Young S, Dowsett C, James T, Bell N (2017) Defining the biosecurity risk posed by transported soil: Effects of storage time and environmental exposure on survival of soil biota. NeoBiota 32: 65-88. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.32.9784
Soil chemistry of the two soil sources :
Supplementary material 2 from: McNeill MR, Phillips CB, Robinson AP, Aalders L, Richards N, Young S, Dowsett C, James T, Bell N (2017) Defining the biosecurity risk posed by transported soil: Effects of storage time and environmental exposure on survival of soil biota. NeoBiota 32: 65-88. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.32.9784
Plant species common to both soil sources :
Supplementary material 1 from: McNeill MR, Phillips CB, Robinson AP, Aalders L, Richards N, Young S, Dowsett C, James T, Bell N (2017) Defining the biosecurity risk posed by transported soil: Effects of storage time and environmental exposure on survival of soil biota. NeoBiota 32: 65-88. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.32.9784
Description of the data analysis methods and results :
Supplementary material 3 from: Tóth Z, Hornung E, Báldi A (2018) Effects of set-aside management on certain elements of soil biota and early stage organic matter decomposition in a High Nature Value Area, Hungary. Nature Conservation 29: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.29.24856
Table S3 :
Supplementary material 5 from: Tóth Z, Hornung E, Báldi A (2018) Effects of set-aside management on certain elements of soil biota and early stage organic matter decomposition in a High Nature Value Area, Hungary. Nature Conservation 29: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.29.24856
Map file :
Supplementary material 2 from: Tóth Z, Hornung E, Báldi A (2018) Effects of set-aside management on certain elements of soil biota and early stage organic matter decomposition in a High Nature Value Area, Hungary. Nature Conservation 29: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.29.24856
Table S2 :
Supplementary material 4 from: Tóth Z, Hornung E, Báldi A (2018) Effects of set-aside management on certain elements of soil biota and early stage organic matter decomposition in a High Nature Value Area, Hungary. Nature Conservation 29: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.29.24856
Table S4 :
Supplementary material 1 from: Tóth Z, Hornung E, Báldi A (2018) Effects of set-aside management on certain elements of soil biota and early stage organic matter decomposition in a High Nature Value Area, Hungary. Nature Conservation 29: 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.29.24856
Table S1 :
FIGURE 7 in Terrestrial Isopods from Spanish Amber (Crustacea: Oniscidea): Insights into the Cretaceous Soil Biota
FIGURE 7. Camera lucida drawings of Autrigoniscus resinicola, new genus and species, family Trichoniscidae (holotype, MCNA 12522, male). A. Lateral habitus, with magnified area showing details of endopod of first pair of pleopods. B. Dorsal habitus, with magnified area showing details of antennule. C. Fifth pereopod in ventral view, with magnified area showing details of modified carpus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm (all panels to the same scale).
FIGURE 8 in Terrestrial Isopods from Spanish Amber (Crustacea: Oniscidea): Insights into the Cretaceous Soil Biota
FIGURE 8. Detail microphotographs of Autrigoniscus resinicola, new genus and species, family Trichoniscidae (holotype, MCNA 12522, male). A. Head in dorsal view, showing the antennule (arrowhead). B. Semicircular scales and triangular-shaped scale setae in ventral view. C. Carpus of pereopods 5 and 6 in ventral view, showing the distal process (arrowheads). D. Simple dactylus of pereopods 2 and 3 in lateral view. E. Uropods in dorsal view. F. Endopod of first pair of pleopods in lateral view. Figures made with consecutive photographs taken at successive focal planes. Scale bars: A–D, F = 0.05 mm; E = 0.1 mm.
Data from: Testing the plant growth-defense hypothesis belowground: do faster-growing herbaceous plant species suffer more negative effects from soil biota than slower-growing ones?
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Data from: Effects of plant functional group loss on soil biota and net ecosystem exchange: a plant removal experiment in the Mongolian grassland
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Data from: Invasive plants differentially affect soil biota through litter and rhizosphere pathways: a meta-analysis
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