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100 results for “soil fungi”
FIGURE 1 in Absidia thailandica sp. nov., an addition to the diversity of soil fungi from Thailand
FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree of Absidia based on ITS and LSU rDNA sequences, with Cunninghamella blakesleeana and C. elegans as outgroups. The new species is in bold. Maximum likelihood (ML) bootstrap values (≥70%) / Bayesian inference (BI) posterior probabilities (≥0.95) of each clade are indicated along branches. "T" after the strain number indicates the type. The scale bar indicates the estimated number of substitutions per site.
Microbes in reconstructive restoration: Divergence in constructed and natural tree island soil fungi affects tree growth
<p>Project folder for publication "Microbes in reconstructive restoration: Divergence in constructed and natural tree island soil fungi affects tree growth" containing: 1) scripts for data processing, 2) intermediate and final files output by scripts, and 3) RMarkdown files used to perform statistical analyses and generate figures. Descriptions of files, scripts, and folders in README files.</p> <p>Manuscript Abstract:</p> <p><span>As ecosystems face unprecedented change and habitat loss, pursuing comprehensive and resilient habitat restoration will be integral to protecting and maintaining natural areas and the services they provide. Microbiomes offer an important avenue for improving restoration efforts as they <span> </span>are integral to ecosystem health and functioning. Despite microbiomes’ importance, unresolved knowledge gaps hinder their inclusion in restoration efforts. Here, we address two critical gaps in understanding microbial roles in restoration – fungal microbiomes’ importance in “reconstructive” restoration efforts and how management and restoration decisions interactively impact fungal communities and their cascading effects on trees. We combined field surveys, microbiome sequencing, and greenhouse experiments to determine how reconstructing an iconic landscape feature – tree islands – in the highly imperiled Everglades impacts fungal microbiomes and fungal effects on native tree species compared to their natural <span> </span>counterparts under different proposed hydrological management regimes. Constructed islands used in this research were built from peat soil and limestone collected from deep sloughs and levees nearby the restoration sites in 2003, providing 18 years for microbiome assembly on <span> </span>constructed islands. We found that while fungal microbiomes from natural and constructed tree islands exhibited similar diversity and richness, they differed significantly in community composition. These compositional differences arose mainly from changes to which fungal taxa were present on the islands rather than changes in relative abundances. Surprisingly, ~50% of fungal hub taxa (putative keystone fungi) from natural islands were missing on constructed islands, suggesting that differences in community composition of constructed island could be important for microbiome stability and function. The differences in fungal composition between natural and constructed islands had important consequences for tree growth. Specifically, these compositional differences interacted with hydrological regime (treatments simulating management strategies) to affect woody growth across the four tree species in our experiment. Taken together, our results demonstrate that reconstructing a landscape feature without consideration of microbiomes can result in diverging fungal communities that are likely to interact with management decisions leading to meaningful consequences for foundational primary producers. Our results recommend cooperation between restoration practitioners and ecologists to evaluate opportunities for active management and restoration of microbiomes during future reconstructive restoration.</span></p>
The association of mycorrhizal fungi with mature tree growth is stronger in high nitrogen soils for an EMF tree and in low nitrogen for two AMF trees
<p>Soil and microbial data for the manuscript: </p> <p><strong><span>The association of mycorrhizal fungi with mature tree growth is stronger in high nitrogen soils for an EMF tree and in low nitrogen for two AMF trees</span></strong></p>
Interactions with soil fungi alter density-dependence and neighborhood effects in a locally abundant dipterocarp species
<p>Seedling recruitment can be strongly affected by the composition of nearby plant species. At the neighborhood scale (on the order of tens of meters), adult conspecifics can modify soil chemistry and presence of host microbes (pathogens and mutualists) across their combined canopy area or rooting zones. At local or small spatial scales (on the order of one to few meters), conspecific seed or seedling density can influence the strength of intraspecific light and resource competition and also modify the density-dependent spread of natural enemies such as pathogens or invertebrate predators. Intrinsic correlation between proximity to adult conspecifics (i.e. recruitment neighborhood) and local seedling density, arising from dispersal, make it difficult to separate the independent and interactive factors that contribute to recruitment success. </p> <p>Here, we present a field experiment in which we manipulated both the recruitment neighborhood and seedling density to explore how they interact to influence the growth and survival of Dryobalanops aromatica, a dominant ectomycorrhizal tree species in a Bornean tropical rainforest. First, we found that both local seedling density and recruitment neighborhood had effects on performance of D. aromatica seedlings, though the nature of these impacts varied between growth and survival. Second, we did not find strong evidence that the effect of density on seedling survival is dependent on the presence of conspecific adult trees. However, accumulation of mutualistic fungi beneath conspecifics adults does facilitate establishment of D. aromatica seedlings. In total, our results suggest that recruitment near adult conspecifics was not associated with a performance cost and may have weakly benefitted recruiting seedlings. Positive effects of conspecifics may be a factor facilitating the regional hyperabundance of this species. </p> <p>Synthesis: Our results provide support for the idea that dominant species in diverse forests may escape the localized recruitment suppression that limits abundance in rarer species.</p>
Sympatric pairings of dryland grass populations, mycorrhizal fungi, and associated soil biota enhance mutualism and ameliorate drought stress
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Elevation gradients and soil characteristics shape arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the Indian mid-Himalaya
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Island biogeography of soil bacteria and fungi: similar patterns, but different mechanisms
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Interactions with soil fungi alter density-dependence and neighborhood effects in a locally abundant dipterocarp species
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Data from: Community assembly, species richness and nestedness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agricultural soils
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Data from: Subordinate plants mitigate drought effects on soil ecosystem processes by stimulating fungi
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Data from: Taxonomic survey of Agaricomycetes (Fungi: Basidiomycota) in Ontario tallgrass prairies determined by fruiting body and soil rDNA sampling
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Data from: Agroforestry coffee soils increase the insect-suppressive potential offered by entomopathogenic fungi over full-sun soils: a case proposing a "bait-survival technique"
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Plant landscape abundance and soil fungi modulate drought effects on plant-soil feedbacks
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Figure 3 from: Ezekiel CN, Kraak B, Sandoval-Denis M, Sulyok M, Oyedele OA, Ayeni KI, Makinde OM, Akinyemi OM, Krska R, Crous PW, Houbraken J (2020) Diversity and toxigenicity of fungi and description of Fusarium madaense sp. nov. from cereals, legumes and soils in north-central Nigeria. MycoKeys 67: 95-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.67.52716
Figure 3 The first of 1000 equally parsimonious trees obtained from Maximum-Parsimony (MP) analysis of RPB2 sequences of 76 isolates of Fusarium and Neocosmospora spp. Numbers on the nodes are MP bootstrap values (BS) and Maximum-Likelihood BS values above 70%. Branch lengths are proportional to distance. Ex-type and ex-epitype strains are indicated with T and ET, respectively. The names of 17 species complexes of Fusarium are shown in grey. Nigerian isolates obtained in this study are shown in red together with their geographical origin and source of isolation. The internal square shows MP statistics as follows: TL = tree length, CI = consistency index, RI = retention index and HI = homoplasy index.
Supplementary material 1 from: Ezekiel CN, Kraak B, Sandoval-Denis M, Sulyok M, Oyedele OA, Ayeni KI, Makinde OM, Akinyemi OM, Krska R, Crous PW, Houbraken J (2020) Diversity and toxigenicity of fungi and description of Fusarium madaense sp. nov. from cereals, legumes and soils in north-central Nigeria. MycoKeys 67: 95-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.67.52716
Tables S1, S2
Figure 2 from: Ezekiel CN, Kraak B, Sandoval-Denis M, Sulyok M, Oyedele OA, Ayeni KI, Makinde OM, Akinyemi OM, Krska R, Crous PW, Houbraken J (2020) Diversity and toxigenicity of fungi and description of Fusarium madaense sp. nov. from cereals, legumes and soils in north-central Nigeria. MycoKeys 67: 95-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.67.52716
Figure 2 Distribution of fungal species in food and soil in two states A Nasarawa state B Niger state C combined/both states) in north-central Nigeria.
Figure 4 from: Ezekiel CN, Kraak B, Sandoval-Denis M, Sulyok M, Oyedele OA, Ayeni KI, Makinde OM, Akinyemi OM, Krska R, Crous PW, Houbraken J (2020) Diversity and toxigenicity of fungi and description of Fusarium madaense sp. nov. from cereals, legumes and soils in north-central Nigeria. MycoKeys 67: 95-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.67.52716
Figure 4 The first of 24 equally parsimonious trees obtained from Maximum-Parsimony (MP) analysis of BenA, CaM, RPB1, RPB2 and TEF-1a sequences of 42 isolates of Fusarium spp. Numbers on the nodes are MP bootstrap values (BS) and Maximum-Likelihood BS values above 70%. Branch lengths are proportional to distance. Ex-type strains are indicated with T. Strains corresponding to new species described here are shown in bold. The internal square shows MP statistics as follows: TL = tree length, CI = consistency index, RI = retention index and HI = homoplasy index.
Figure 5 from: Ezekiel CN, Kraak B, Sandoval-Denis M, Sulyok M, Oyedele OA, Ayeni KI, Makinde OM, Akinyemi OM, Krska R, Crous PW, Houbraken J (2020) Diversity and toxigenicity of fungi and description of Fusarium madaense sp. nov. from cereals, legumes and soils in north-central Nigeria. MycoKeys 67: 95-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.67.52716
Figure 5 Fusarium madaense sp. nov. (ex-type culture CBS 146669). A–C aspect of colonies on PDA, OA and SNA, respectively, after 14 d at 24°C in the dark D colony reverse on OA (up) and PDA (down) after 14 d at 24 °C in the dark E–G, J aerial conidiophores and phialides H, I sporodochia formed on the surface of carnation leaves K, L sporodochial conidiophores M, N chlamydospores O, P microconidia Q sporodochial conidia. Scale bars: 100 μm (H, I); 20 μm (J); 10 μm (all others).
Figure 1 from: Ezekiel CN, Kraak B, Sandoval-Denis M, Sulyok M, Oyedele OA, Ayeni KI, Makinde OM, Akinyemi OM, Krska R, Crous PW, Houbraken J (2020) Diversity and toxigenicity of fungi and description of Fusarium madaense sp. nov. from cereals, legumes and soils in north-central Nigeria. MycoKeys 67: 95-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.67.52716
Figure 1 Overall incidence of fungal genera recovered from food and soil in two states in north-central Nigeria.
Data from: Symbiotic soil fungi enhance resistance and resilience of an experimental grassland to drought and nitrogen deposition
<ol> <li><span><a name="_Hlk39447697"> Ecosystem stability is threatened by multiple global change factors</a> such as drought and elevated nitrogen deposition. Yet, it is still poorly understood whether soil organisms can buffer against such perturbations. Here we focus on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), a common and widespread group of soil fungi. AMF form symbiotic associations with the majority of terrestrial land plants and promote a range of ecosystem services including plant production, diversity and nutrient cycling. </span></li> <li><span>We tested whether AMF have the ability to enhance the resistance and resilience of plant communities under soil moisture deficit (hereby drought) and nitrogen deposition. Grassland microcosms with 11 different plant species were established with and without AMF and exposed to elevated nitrogen levels and to an intermittent period of drought.</span></li> <li><span>Drought strongly reduced plant productivity and nitrogen cycling, but had limited effects on plant diversity. Nitrogen enrichment reduced plant diversity and increased nitrogen leaching and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. The presence of AMF enhanced plant productivity, plant diversity, and reduced nitrogen losses. AMF facilitated the resistance of plant productivity and nitrogen cycling to drought and the recovery of the plant community structure back to its pre drought state. Furthermore, AMF also mitigated the adverse effects of nitrogen enrichment on the resistance of multiple ecosystem functions to drought.</span></li> <li><span><i>Synthesis.</i> Our work highlights the integral role of AMF for the stability of ecosystem functioning; AMF are not only able to promote resistance to harsh conditions of global change, but also improve resilience by enabling <span>plant communities to recover. These findings underline</span> AMF's insurance capacity to buffer ecosystems against global change.</span></li> </ol>
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