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467 results for “soil nitrogen”
Soil carbon and nitrogen: Old-Field Chronosequence: Plant Productivity
The goal of this research is to study the change in plant growth and species distribution during succession. Annual plant growth above ground is annually sampled in more than 20 fields from 4 permanently marked 3m x 4m plots in each field. These fields were previously cultivated, but then abandoned from agriculture at various times in the past. The fields were left undisturbed for plants to develop from seeds within the soil or brought into the fields by wind or animals. The fields included in this study are 4, 5, 10, 24, 26, 28, 35, 39, 41, 45, 53, 70, 72, 77 and the Lawrence strip that was abandoned in 1988. This experiment was started in 1987 by lead investigators David Tilman and Johannes Knops. In 2001 new sampling was started in positions similar to the E054 plots in these E014 fields: 21, 27, 32, 40, 44, 47, 76. Past work at CDR and elsewhere has demonstrated an overriding influence of fire frequency in maintaining prairie openings and oak savanna at the prairie-forest border. Fire regimes harm some types of species while favoring others and drive light and nutrient dynamics, which in turn drive community functional attributes and diversity levels. Ultimately, fire frequency interacts with climate, N deposition, land use, and biotic invasion to determine the outcomes of tree-grass interactions and the dynamics of vegetation at ecotones such as the prairie-forest border in Minnesota. In 2006 each field was divided in half, and one half randomly chosen for periodic prescribed burning (a fire every other year). We anticipate that the burned half will continue succession to prairie grassland while the unburned half will become white pine stands if seed sources are nearby, or will otherwise undergo extremely slow succession to oaks.
Soil percent carbon and nitrogen from 9 hillslopes sites in Macon County, North Carolina, within the Upper Little Tennessee River Basin
Percent carbon and percent nitrogen of soil were analyzed as part of the hillslope plots in Macon County, North Carolina. There were 9 hillslope sites representing a gradient of development, including forested, valley agriculture, and mountain housing developments. There were 12 10 x 10-m plots at each site. A soil probe was used to collect soils from 3 depths at each plot: 0-10 cm, 10-30 cm, and 30 + cm. Soil was then dried, processed, and analyzed for percent C & N at the Coweeta Analytical Laboratory.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Landscape scale (valley-wide) soil carbon and nitrogen cycling data
The valley-wide plots are a grid of 431 sites along fifteen N–S transects established at 500-m intervals spanning the entire Hubbard Brook Valley. This dataset includes total soil carbon, nitrogen and organic matter content, potential net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rates, microbial respiration rates, soil water content and holding capacity, soil ammonium and nitrate concentrations, soil pH, and tree composition in a subset of 100 randomly selected plots in 2000. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. An analysis of these data can be found in: Venterea, R. T., Lovett, G. M., Groffman, P. M., & Schwarz, P. A. (2003). Landscape patterns of net nitrification in a northern hardwood-conifer forest. Soil Science Soc. Amer. J., 67, 527–539. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.5270
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Soil Solution Resin Available Nitrogen
Resin available soil solution nitrogen was measured during seasonal incubations in 2014 and 2015 on all Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) plots. Reference (or control) plots are shared with the collaborating Northern Forest DroughtNet experiment. There are six plots total (each 11 x 14m). Two are warmed 5 degrees C throughout the growing season (Plots 3 and 4). Two others are warmed 5 degrees C in the growing season and have snow removed during winter to induce soil freeze/thaw cycles (Plots 5 and 6). Four kilometers (2.5 mi) of heating cable are buried in the soil to warm these four plots. Two additional plots serve as controls for our experiment (Plots 1 and 2). Analysis and results from these data are presented in Sanders-DeMott 2018. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. Sanders-DeMott, R., Sorensen, P.O., Reinmann, A.B. et al. Growing season warming and winter freeze–thaw cycles reduce root nitrogen uptake capacity and increase soil solution nitrogen in a northern forest ecosystem. Biogeochemistry 137, 337–349 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0422-5
Soil water content under rainfall manipulation and nitrogen fertilization treatments at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 2007-2009
This data package contains soil water content data from a precipitation and nitrogen manipulation experiment conducted on the Jornada Experimental Range from 2006-2009. The objective of the study was to understand the interaction of precipitation and nitrogen dynamics on ANPP legacies. Rain-out shelters were used to create 5 levels of precipitation: 80% reduced, 50% reduced, ambient control, 50% increased, and 80% increased precipitation. Half of the plots were randomly assigned to receive ammonium nitrate fertilizer. In a subset of the plots, volumetric soil water content was monitored at shallow (0-5 cm) and deep (30-50 cm) depths. This data set contains the date of collection, block number, plot number, 2007-2008 precipitation treatment, 2009 precipitation treatment, nitrogen treatment, depth of soil probe, sensor voltage, and volumetric water content. Monitoring of soil moisture for this study was discontinued in November 2009. Also available are plant cover data from this study in data package knb-lter-jrn.210278002. For further information and results, see: Throop, H., L. G. Reichmann, O. Sala, and S. Archer. (2012), Response of dominant grass and shrub species to water manipulation: an ecophysical basis for shrub invasion in a Chihuahuan desert grassland. Oecologia 169: 373-383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2217-4 Reichmann, L. G., O. E. Sala, and D. P. C. Peters. (2013), Water controls on nitrogen transformations and stocks in an arid ecosystem. Ecosphere 4(1):11. https://doi.org/10.1890/ES12-00263.1
Microarthropod and nematode effects on soil nitrogen availability in fluffgrass mesocosms at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 1986-1987
This data package contains soil nitrogen measurements taken over a 12-week interval in soils treated to exclude microarthropods and nematodes. The purpose of this study was to test if changing densities of soil microarthropods and nematodes results in changes in soil nitrogen availability. In 1986 and 1987, 110 fluff grass (Dasyochloa pulchella) plants were collected from the Jornada Basin College Ranch and transplanted into pots, which contained 5 replicates of each treatment. The 4 treatments include 1) control, 2) NEMACUR (to exclude nematodes), 3) chlordane (to exclude mites) and 4) NEMACUR + Chlordane. Each was sampled 5 times during a 12-week interval after the initial treatment. Pots were watered weekly to maintain conditions at field capacity. Samples were taken from the rhizosphere and analyzed for NO3(-)- N, NH4(+)-N, Inorganic-N, microbial-N, % H20, % organic matter, root biomass, and nematode density. This study was completed in 1987.
Effects of microarthropod exclusion and water amendments on fluffgrass rhizosphere total soil nitrogen at the Jornada Basin, 1986-1987
This data package contains data on soil nitrogen content in the rhizosphere of fluff grass (Dasyochloa pulchella) plants collected from 1986-1987 at the Jornada Basin LTER site. The purpose of this study was to test how watering, and changing densities of soil microarthropods and nematodes, results in changes in fluff grass rhizosphere total nitrogen. Twenty 6 x 6 m plots were established with a 3 m buffer between plots. Five plots were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: 1) Chlordane to exclude microarthropods, 2) Chlordane and water, 3) Water, and 4) Control. Every three months from June 1986 to January 1987, randomly selected fluff grass plants were harvested from each plot and rhizosphere soil samples were collected for total nitrogen digestion analysis. This data set consists of sampling date, treatment, subsample number, and total nitrogen (mg/kg). This study was completed in January 1987.
Surface soil nitrogen analyses under mesquite bush canopies and interspaces at the Jornada Basin LTER, 1986
This data package contains soil nitrogen data for soils collected under, or near, mesquite at the Jornada Basin LTER site (LTER-I and II) in 1986. The purpose of this study was to analyze nitrogen concentration in soils associated with mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa). The mesquite soils were sampled at 4 habitats - playa, coppice dune, arroyo, and grassland. An ecosystem dominated by the non-legume, Larrea tridentata, and lacking mesquite was included as a reference. Samples were taken from two depths (0-15cm, 15-30cm) for three beneath canopy positions (stem base, mid-canopy, and edge of canopy) and one non-vegetated interzone position for each shrub. Four shrubs were sampled at each site. The soils were analyzed for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), N03 nitrate, NH4 ammonium. The data set was collected on October 1, 1986 and this study is now complete.
Grassland and mesquite shrubland soil nitrogen mineralization potential from leaching soil incubations at the Jornada Basin LTER, 1986
This data package contains data on soil nitrogen mineralization potential in a variety of grass and mesquite habitats during the early years of the Jornada Basin LTER project (I-II). Soil cores were collected from Jornada Experimental Range and Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC) lands in May 1986, and observed in a leaching incubation study. The purpose of this study was to measure inorganic soil nitrogen in the context of the shift from grasslands to mesquite dominated ecosystems. Sites include fluff grass (Dasyochloa pulchella), black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda), Sporobolus/Gutierrezia, playa mesquite (Prosopsis glandulosa), and arroyo mesquite ecosystem types. Soil samples were collected on May 12-13, 1986 within the clumps of grass or beneath mesquite at each site, generally 20 cm deep or to the hard pan (whichever came first). During the incubation study, inorganic nitrogen leaching was measured for 28 weeks for each sample. This study is complete.
PCN01 Plant and soil carbon and nitrogen pool data from the Belowground Plot Experiment at Konza Prairie
Data describe the carbon and nitrogen pools in combustible aboveground litter, and in shoots, roots, litter, and soil at the end of the growing season at the Belowground Plot Experiment in 2021.
Warming-El Nino-Nitrogen Deposition Experiment (WENNDEx): Soil Temperature Data from the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1/2006 - 7/2009)
This data set provides soil temperature data in each plot of the warming experiment (see SEV176). Data are collected with automated soil temperature probes at 15-minute intervals at two soil depths under grass and bare patches in each of the 40 plots.
Warming-El Nino-Nitrogen Deposition Experiment (WENNDEx): Soil Moisture Data from the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1/2006-8/2009)
This data set provides soil moisture data in each plot of the warming experiment (see SEV176). Data are collected with automated soil moisture probes at 30-minute intervals at two soil depths under grass and bare patches in each of the 40 plots.
Warming-El Nino-Nitrogen Deposition Experiment (WENNDEx): Soil Temperature, Moisture, and Carbon Dioxide Data from the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
Humans are creating significant global environmental change, including shifts in climate, increased nitrogen (N) deposition, and the facilitation of species invasions. A multi-factorial field experiment is being performed in an arid grassland within the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) to simulate increased nighttime temperature, higher N deposition, and heightened El Nino frequency (which increases winter precipitation by an average of 50%). The purpose of the experiment is to better understand the potential effects of environmental drivers on grassland community composition, aboveground net primary production and soil respiration. The focus is on the response of two dominant grasses (Bouteloua gracilis and B eriopoda), in an ecotone near their range margins and thus these species may be particularly susceptible to global environmental change. It is hypothesized that warmer summer temperatures and increased evaporation will favor growth of black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda), a desert grass, but that increased winter precipitation and/or available nitrogen will favor the growth of blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), a shortgrass prairie species. Treatment effects on limiting resources (soil moisture, nitrogen availability, species abundance, and net primary production (NPP) are all being measured to determine the interactive effects of key global change drivers on arid grassland plant community dynamics and ecosystem processes. This dataset shows values of soil moisture, soil temperature, and the CO2 flux of the amount of CO2 that has moved from soil to air. On 4 August 2009 lightning ignited a ~3300 ha wildfire that burned through the experiment and its surroundings. Because desert grassland fires are patchy, not all of the replicate plots burned in the wildfire. Therefore, seven days after the wildfire was extinguished, the Sevilleta NWR Fire Crew thoroughly burned the remaining plots allowing us to assess experimentally the effects of interactions among multip
Warming-El Nino-Nitrogen Deposition Experiment (WENNDEx): Soil Nitrogen Data from the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2006 - 2020)
Humans are creating significant global environmental change, including shifts in climate, increased nitrogen (N) deposition, and the facilitation of species invasions. A multi-factorial field experiment is being performed in an arid grassland within the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) to simulate increased nighttime temperature, higher N deposition, and heightened El Niño frequency (which increases winter precipitation by an average of 50%). The purpose of the experiment is to better understand the potential effects of environmental drivers on grassland community composition, aboveground net primary production and soil respiration. The focus is on the response of two dominant grasses (Bouteloua gracilis and B eriopoda), in an ecotone near their range margins and thus these species may be particularly susceptible to global environmental change. It is hypothesized that warmer summer temperatures and increased evaporation will favor growth of black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda), a desert grass, but that increased winter precipitation and/or available nitrogen will favor the growth of blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), a shortgrass prairie species. Treatment effects on limiting resources (soil moisture, nitrogen availability, species abundance, and net primary production (NPP) are all being measured to determine the interactive effects of key global change drivers on arid grassland plant community dynamics and ecosystem processes. On 4 August 2009 lightning ignited a ~3300 ha wildfire that burned through the experiment and its surroundings. Because desert grassland fires are patchy, not all of the replicate plots burned in the wildfire. Therefore, seven days after the wildfire was extinguished, the Sevilleta NWR Fire Crew thoroughly burned the remaining plots allowing us to assess experimentally the effects of interactions among multiple global change presses and a pulse disturbance on post-fire grassland dynamics. This data set provides soil N availability in each
Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME): Soil Nitrogen Data from the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2007 - 2020)
The Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME) is designed to understand changes in ecosystem structure and function of a semiarid grassland caused by increased precipitation variability, by altering rainfall pulses, and thus soil moisture, that drive primary productivity, community composition, and ecosystem functioning. The overarching hypothesis being tested is that changes in event size and frequency will alter grassland productivity, ecosystem processes, and plant community dynamics. Treatments include (1) a monthly addition of 20 mm of rain in addition to ambient, and a weekly addition of 5 mm of rain in addition to ambient during the months of July, August and September. We predict that soil N availability with interact with rainfall event size to alter net primary productivity during the summer monsoon. Specifically, productivity will be higher on fertilized relative to control plots, and productivity will be highest on N addition plots in treatments with a small number of large events because these events infiltrate deeper and soil moisture is available longer following large compared to small events.
Effects of Altered Precipitation on Biological Soil Crusts, Fungi, and Soil Nitrogen Availability at the Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME) in the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2016)
Microbial activity in drylands is mediated by the magnitude and frequency of growing season rain events that will shift as climate change progresses. Nitrogen is often co-limiting with water availability to dryland plants, and thus we investigated how microbes important to the nitrogen (N) cycle and soil N availability varied temporally and spatially in the context of a long-term rainfall variability experiment in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. Specifically, we assessed biological soil crust (biocrust) chlorophyll content, fungal abundance, and inorganic N in soils adjacent to individuals of the grassland foundation species, Bouteloua eriopoda, and in the unvegetated interspace at multiple time points associated with an experimental monsoon rain treatment. Treatments included small weekly (5 mm) or large monthly (20 mm) rain events, which had been applied during the summer monsoon for nine years prior to our sampling. Additionally, we evaluated target plant C:N ratios and added 15 N-glutamate to biocrusts to determine potential for nutrient transport to B. eriopoda. Biocrust chlorophyll was up to 67% higher in the small weekly or large monthly rainfall regimes compared to ambient controls. Fungal biomass was 57% lower in soil interspaces than adjacent to plants but did not respond to rainfall regime treatments. Ammonium and nitrate concentrations near plants declined through the sampling period but varied little in soil interspaces. There was limited movement of 15 N from interspace biocrusts to leaves but high 15 N retention in the soils even after additional ambient and experimental rain events. Plant C:N ratio was unaffected by rainfall treatments. The long-term alteration in rainfall regime in this experiment did not change how short-term microbial abundance or N availability responded to the magnitude or frequency of events, suggesting a limited response of N availability to future climate change.
Fungal responses to plant invasion are greater under soil warming than simulated nitrogen deposition data
<p>This file includes the data associated with analyzing scripts for the following github entry: <a href="https://gitlab.ethz.ch/manthony/swan-x-invasion">https://gitlab.ethz.ch/manthony/swan-x-invasion</a>. </p> <p>This project studied the combined effects of nitrogen deposition, soil warming, and Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) invasion on soil fungal communities, functional genes, and soil physical and chemical properties.</p>
Data from: Ectomycorrhizal fungi are more sensitive to high soil nitrogen levels in forests exposed to nitrogen deposition
<p>Ectomycorrhizal fungi are essential for nitrogen cycling in many temperate forests and responsive to anthropogenic nitrogen addition, which generally, decreases host carbon allocation to the fungi. In the boreal region, however, ectomycorrhizal fungal biomass has been found to correlate positively with soil nitrogen availability. Still, responses to anthropogenic input, for instance through atmospheric deposition, are commonly negative.</p> <p>To elucidate whether variation in nitrogen supply affects ectomycorrhizal fungi differently depending on geographical context, we investigated ectomycorrhizal fungal communities along two fertility gradients across nemo-boreal forests with similar ranges in soil N/C ratios and inorganic nitrogen availability but located in regions with contrasting rates of nitrogen deposition.</p> <p>Ectomycorrhizal biomass and community composition remained relatively stable across the nitrogen-gradient with low atmospheric nitrogen deposition, but biomass decreased, and the community changed more drastically, with increasing nitrogen availability in the gradient subjected to higher rates of nitrogen deposition. Moreover, potential activities of enzymes involved in ectomycorrhizal mobilisation of organic nitrogen decreased as N/C ratios increased.</p> <p>In forests with low external input, we propose that stabilising feedbacks in tree-fungal interactions maintain ectomycorrhizal fungal biomass and communities even in highly fertile soils. In contrast, anthropogenic nitrogen input seems to impair ectomycorrhizal functions.</p>
Derived daily timeseries of weather, soil moisture and temperature, flow and nitrogen species (nitrate and nitrite, ammonium) concentrations data for the North Wyke Farm Platform National Biosciences Research Infrastructure, England
<p>For a selection of catchments from the North Wyke Farm Platform in southwest England, where land use conversions have been introduced, daily time series data covering weather conditions (minimum temperature, maximum temperature, total rainfall, wind speed and solar radiation), near-surface soil status (moisture content and temperature), flow and concentrations of key nitrogen species (nitrate and nitrite, ammonium) have been filtered based on attached data quality tags . The datasets run between 2013 and March 2024. For the main climate variables, data gaps were infilled with preceding- and following-on daily data, observations from a nearby weather station or existing national datasets to generate a continuous data series for modelling. For the other data series, annual and seasonal summary statistics on data coverage are provided. Information on significant field events, such as ploughing, drilling and harvest, fertiliser applications and manure spreading were also tabulated.</p>
CESM model results - Effect of nitrogen limitation and soil processes on Holocene greening of the Sahara
<p>The model results are made in EAPL, Yonsei University, South Korea (https://eapl.yonsei.ac.kr). The purpose of the simulations were to find out the effect of nitrogen limitation and soil processes on Holocene greening of the Sahara. CESM model v1.2 was used for this simulation.</p>
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