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118 results for “soil phosphorus”
Long-term nitrogen deposition inhibits soil priming effects by enhancing phosphorus limitation in a subtropical forest
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Impact of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on resident soil and root mycobiomes in beech forests
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Data from: Soils from cold and snowy temperate deciduous forests release more nitrogen and phosphorus after soil freeze–thaw cycles than soils from warmer, snow-poor conditions
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Data from: Interspecific and intraspecific variations in root phosphatase activity among tropical tree species with different soil phosphorus associations
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Data from: Soil microeukaryotic communities and phosphorus-cycling microorganisms respond to chloropicrin fumigation and azoxystrobin application
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Centennial deforestation impacts on soil phosphorus cycling in the Amazon rainforest
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Data for: Responses of soil phosphorus cycling and bioavailability to plant invasion in river-lake ecotones
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The role of soil redox conditions in microbial phosphorus cycling in humid tropical forests
Humid tropical forests are among the most productive ecosystems globally, yet they often occur on soils with high phosphorus (P) sorption capacity, lowering P availability to biota. Short-term anoxic events are thought to release sorbed P and enhance its acquisition by soil microbes. However, the actual effects of anoxic conditions on microbial P acquisition in humid tropical forest soils are surprisingly poorly studied. We used laboratory incubations of bulk soils, NanoSIMS analysis of single microbial cells, and landscape scale measurements in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF), Puerto Rico to test the hypothesis that anoxic conditions increase microbial P acquisition in humid tropical forests. In laboratory and field experiments we found that microbial P uptake generally decreased under anoxic conditions, leading to high microbial carbon (C) to P ratios in anoxic soils. The decreased P acquisition under anoxic conditions was correlated with lower microbial C use efficiency (CUE), an index of microbial energy transfer in ecosystems. Phosphorus amendments to anoxic soils led to increased microbial P uptake and higher CUE suggesting that microbes were less able to access and utilize P under natural low redox conditions. Under oxic conditions, microbial C:P ratios and CUE did not respond to changes in substrate stoichiometry. These results challenge the existing paradigm by showing that anoxic conditions can decrease microbial P uptake and ultimately constrain microbial CUE. Our findings indicate that soil redox conditions tightly couple soil P and C cycles and advance our understanding of controls on P cycling in humid tropical forest ecosystems. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support p
Phosphorus Fractions in Grassland and Shrubland Soils at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1989)
This study examined concentrations of organic and inorganic phosphorus in surface soils of a Bouteloua gracilis-Bouteloua eriopoda grassland and a Larrea tridentata shrubland in the northern Chihuahuan Desert, New Mexico, USA. In this desert, where grassland vegetation has a uniform spatial distribution and individual shrubs have a patchy distribution, vegetation strongly influences the locations and concentrations of soil nutrients. Most studies of soil phosphorus (P) fractions in desert soils have focused on inorganic P fractions and have demonstrated the importance of geochemical controls on soil P cycling. This study addressed whether organic phosphorus, determined by the presence of different vegetation types, also contributes to soil P cycling. Within soils of similar age, topography, parent material, and climatic regime, samples were collected under and between vegetation and analyzed for P fractions following a modified sequential fractionation scheme.
Data from: Phosphorus release from unamended and gypsum-or biochar-amended soils under simulated spring snowmelt and summer flooding conditions
<p>Prolonged flooding changes the oxidation–reduction status of soils, often enhancing phosphorus (P) release to overlying floodwater. We studied P release from unamended, gypsum-amended and biochar- amended soils under simulated snowmelt flooding (previously frozen, cold flooding at +4°C) and summer flooding (unfrozen, warm flooding at +22°C), using two soils, Fyala clay (FYL-Cl) and Neuenberg sandy loam (NBG-SL) from Manitoba, Canada. Amended and unamended soils were packed into vessels and flooded under cold and warm temperatures in the laboratory. Pore water and floodwater samples were taken weekly for 6 weeks after flooding (WAF) and thereafter biweekly for 10 WAF, and analyzed for dissolved reactive P (DRP), pH and cation concentrations. NBG-SL showed a significantly higher DRP concentration in pore water and floodwater despite its low Olsen P content. Redox potential (Eh) decreased slowly under cold compared to warm flooding; hence redox-induced P release was substantially lower under cold flooding. Gypsum amendment significantly decreased the floodwater DRP concentrations in NBG-SL by 38% and 35% under cold and warm flooding, respectively, but had no significant effect in FYL-Cl, which had low DRP concentrations (<1.2 mg L-1) throughout flooding period. Biochar amendment significantly increased floodwater DRP concentrations by 27 to 68% in FYL-Cl under cold and warm flooding, respectively, but had no significant effect in NBG-SL. The results indicate substantially less P release under cold, than under warm flooding. Gypsum was effective in reducing floodwater DRP concentrations only at high DRP concentrations; thus the effectiveness was greater under warm, than under cold flooding conditions.</p>
Data from: Variations in ratio and loads of soil nitrogen and phosphorus explain the coexistence of dominant tree species in a boreal forest of Xinjiang, northwest China
<p><span>The resource ratio hypothesis (RRH) and the nutrient-load hypothesis (NLH) state that species coexistence is driven by the ratios and loads (contents) of multiple limiting resources, respectively. However, roles of resource ratios and loads to mature forest ecosystems remains unclear. Data were collected within 300 quadrats (20m×20m) spread across a 12 ha plot of boreal forest in the Kanas of Xinjiang, northwest China. We used torus translation tests to analyze the associations of dominant tree species with specific microhabitats. The linear mixed models were used to assess effects of resource ratios and contents on abundance and basal area of specific species, as well as within different life stages. Two shade-tolerant species, <i>Picea obovata</i> and <i>Pinus sibirica</i>, exhibited opposite relationships to the spatial distribution of soil nitrogen (N) content and phosphorus (P) content. <i>Picea. obovata</i> was associated with microhabitats with high N:P ratio, while <i>P. sibirica</i> preferred microhabitats with low N:P ratio. The light-demanding trees, <i>Betula pendula</i> clustered at both low N and P sites. Another light-demanding trees, <i>Larix sibirica</i>, did not show any significant habitat preferences. Moreover, N:P ratio mainly affected species abundance, while their contents largely impacted basal area of species. And effects of N:P ratio or contents on species distribution showed a decreasing trend from sapling to adults. Overall, our findings indicate that niche partitioning caused by resource variations may alleviate interspecific competition and contribute to the species coexistence, providing convincing proof for the importance of resource ratio and load on maintaining diversity in boreal forests. </span></p>
Soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling microbial populations and their resistance to global change depend on C:N:P stoichiometry
<p><span>Maintaining the stability of ecosystem functions to global change calls for a better understanding the regulatory factors of functionally specialized microbial-groups and their population-response to disturbance. Here, we explored this issue by collecting soils from 54 managed ecosystems in China and building a predictive model of microcosm experiments. <span>S</span><span>oil carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometry</span> <span>(3</span><span>5</span><span>%~4</span><span>9</span><span>%)</span> imparted a greater individual effects on the abundances of microbial-groups associated with main carbon C, N, and P biogeochemical processes in comparison with geographical conditions <span>(7%~10%).</span> <span>Soil</span><span> total </span><span>C </span><span>and N </span><span>content</span><span>s were</span><span> significantly positively correlated with the abundances of </span><span>d</span><span>iazotrophs</span><span> (</span><i><span><span>nifH</span></span></i><span>), </span><span>n</span><span>itrifiers</span><span> (bacterial </span><i><span><span>amoA</span></span></i><span>), </span><span>n</span><span>itrate </span><span>r</span><span>educers</span><span> (</span><i><span><span>narG</span></span></i><span>) and d</span><span>enitrifiers</span><span> (</span><i><span><span>nirS</span></span></i><span>/</span><i><span><span>K</span></span></i><span> and </span><i><span><span>nosZ </span></span></i><span>genes).</span><span> Soil C:</span><span>N</span><span> ratio not only exhibited a negative relationship with the abundances of </span><span>P activators</span><span> (</span><i><span><span>phoD</span></span></i><span><span>,</span></span> <i><span><span>phoC</span></span></i><i> </i><span>and </span><i><span><span>pqqC</span></span></i><span> genes</span><span>)</span><span>, but also with </span><span>c</span><span>ellulolytic</span><span> decomposers</span><span> (</span><i><span><span>fungcbhIR</span></span></i><span> and </span><i><span><span>GH74</span></span></i> <span>genes)</span><span>. N</span><span>itrogen</span><span> cycling </span><span>genes, including bacterial </span><i><span><span>amoA</span></span></i><span>,</span><i><span><span> nirS</span></span></i><span>, </span><i><span><span>narG</span></span></i><span> and </span><i><span><span>norB</span></span></i><span>,</span> <span>exhibited</span><span> high</span><span>er</span><span> genetic resistance to </span><span>N deposition</span><span> compared with the </span><span>drying-wetting cycles</span><span> and </span><span>warming</span><span>. </span><span>Soil </span><span>total </span><span>C, N and P contents, and their ratios</span> <span>had</span><span> a </span><span>strong </span><span>direct effect on </span><span>the </span><span>genetic </span><span>resistance </span><span>of </span><span>microbial-groups</span><span>.</span><span> S</span><span>oil C:P ratio </span>was selected by random forest analyses as the main predictor of N cycling genetic resistance to <span>N deposition</span><span>. </span><span>Soil </span><span>total </span><span>C and N contents, and their ratios were </span>the main predictors of the <span>P cycling genetic resistance</span><span> to three global change drivers</span>. Overall, our work highlights the importance of soil stoichiometric balance for maintaining the ability of microbially-driven ecosystem functions to withstand global change.</span></p>
Data from: Surface and subsurface phosphorus discharge from a clay soil in a 9-year study comparing no-till and plowing
No-till as a water protection measure is highly efficient in controlling erosion and particulate phosphorus (PP) loss, but tends to increase dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentrations in runoff water. In a 9-year field study on a clay soil in SW Finland, the effects of no-till and autumn plowing on surface runoff and subsurface drainage water quality were compared. The site had 2% slope and was under spring cereal cropping, with approximately replacement fertilizer P rates. Vertical stratification of soil test P that had developed during a preceding 6-year grass ley was undone by plowing, but continued to develop under no-till. During the 9-yr study period, no-till soil had 27% lower cumulative total P losses than plowed soil (10.0 vs. 13.7 kg TP ha-1). Concentrations and losses of PP were clearly lower under no-till than plowing (5.6 vs. 12.3 kg PP ha-1), but DRP loss showed the opposite trend (4.3 vs. 1.4 kg DRP ha-1). There was an increasing trend in subsurface drainflow DRP concentration under no-till, possibly because of development of a conductive pore structure from soil surface to drain depth. The potential benefit of no-till in water protection depends on how much of the PP transported to water is transformed into a bioavailable form and used by aquatic organisms. The beneficial effect of no-till in controlling P induced eutrophication at the study site would only be realized if the bioavailable share of PP exceeds 43%. Otherwise no-till would not be an efficient eutrophication control measure at this site.
Data from: The influence of topography and soil phosphorus on the vegetation of Korup Forest Reserve, Cameroun
All living trees (≥ 30 cm gbh) were enumerated in 135 80×80 m plots, each subdivided into four 40×40 m subplots, and arranged along four 5 km transect lines in the Korup Forest Reserve, Cameroun. For each plot altitude, slope and the extent of permanent and seasonal swamps were recorded. Four hundred and eleven taxa were recognized of which 66% were identified to species. Mean tree density was 471 ha−1, basal area 27.6 m2 ha−1 and number of species per plot 75. The subfamily Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae) was the most abundant family/subfamily in terms of basal area, but the Scytopetalaceae the most frequently represented, mainly on account ofOubanguia alata. Ten plots had at least three quarters of their area permanently swamped, and three, to a similar extent, were seasonally swamped. The ranges in sand, silt and clay content were 60–91, 0–24 and 4–20% respectively. The pH value, organic carbon content and nitrate-nitrogen concentration ranged between 4.0–5.8, 1.3–5.7% and 0–35 ppm respectively. The largest soil variations were in available phosphorus, range 2–29 ppm, and potassium, 38–375 ppm. Correspondence analysis ordination of all plots showed a major indirect floristic gradient correlated with increasing altitude, slope and soil phosphorus and potassium. Removal of the topographic effect by separate re-ordinations of four groups of plots at low, middle (2) and high altitude/slopes highlighted a strong correlation of the main floristic gradients of the middle altitude/slope groups with the concentration of available soil phosphorus. Direct gradient analysis using all plots with respect to available soil phosphorus concentration confirmed the indirect analyses. Individual species response to phosphorus were also shown by direct comparisons in the vegetation on plots of high and low available soil phosphorus concentration. Low available phosphorus soils (≤ 5 ppm) are strongly associated with species of the subfamily Caesalpinioideae, especially of the tribes Amherstieae and Detarieae. It is suggested that this result is probably due to the ability of these particular legume tribes to form associations with ectotrophic mycorrhizae.
Data from: Intensive forest harvesting increases susceptibility of northern forest soils to carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus loss
1. Understanding the impact of forest harvesting is critical to sustainable forest management, yet there remains much uncertainty regarding how harvesting affects soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) dynamics. 2. Here we conducted a global meta-analysis of 808 observations from 49 studies to test the effects of harvesting on the stocks and concentrations of soil C, N, and P and C:N:P ratios relative to uncut control stands. 3. With all harvesting intensities combined, C stock was unaffected by harvesting in either the forest floor or mineral soil, while harvesting reduced forest floor [C], [N], and [P] and C:N ratio, increased the mineral soil [C] and C:N ratio, but reduced mineral soil N stock,. The impacts of harvesting on forest floor C and N stocks, C:P and N:P and mineral soil [C] and [N] changed from no effects by partial, stem-only and whole-tree harvesting to significantly negative effects by the harvesting coupled with fire. Stem-only and whole-tree harvesting similarly reduced forest floor [P]. The negative effects of harvesting were most pronounced in conifer stands. Soil [C], [N] and C:N decreased with time since harvesting, but soil [P] did not, resulting in an increase in forest floor N:P. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our findings highlight the importance of harvest intensity and rotation length on long-term soil nutrient availability when managing forests. Furthermore, the lag in [P] recovery following harvesting may indicate a decoupling of the P cycle from that of C and N and a potential concern in managed forests.
Data from: Environmental drivers of soil phosphorus composition in natural ecosystems
Abstract. Soil organic and inorganic phosphorus (P) compounds can be influenced by distinctive environmental properties. This study aims to analyze soil P composition in natural ecosystems, relating organic (inositol hexakisphosphate, DNA and phosphonates) and inorganic (orthophosphate, polyphosphate and pyrophosphate) compounds with major temporal (weathering), edaphic and climatic characteristics. A dataset including 88 sites was assembled from published papers that determined soil P composition using one-dimensional liquid state 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of NaOH-EDTA extracts of soils. Bivariate and multivariate regression models were used to better understand the environmental properties influencing soil P. In bivariate relationships, trends for soil P compounds were similar for mineral and organic layers but with different slopes. Independent and combined effects of weathering, edaphic and climatic properties of ecosystems explained up to 78% (inositol hexakisphosphates) and 89% (orthophosphate) of variations in organic and inorganic P compounds across the ecosystems, likely deriving from parent material differences. Soil properties, particularly pH, total carbon, and carbon-to-phosphorus ratios, over climate and weathering mainly explained the P variation. We conclude that edaphic and climatic drivers regulate key ecological processes that determine the soil P composition in natural ecosystems. These processes are related to the source of P inputs, primarily determined by the parent material and soil forming factors, plant and microbe P cycling, the bio-physico-chemical properties governing soil phosphatase activity, soil solid surface specific reactivity, and P losses through leaching, and finally the P persistence induced by the increasing complexity of organic and inorganic P compounds as the pedogenesis evolves. Soil organic and inorganic P compounds respond differently to combinations of environmental drivers, which likely indicates that each P compound has specific factors governing its presence in natural ecosystems.
Data from: Soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry (C:N:P) in relation to conifer species productivity and nutrition across British Columbia perhumid rainforests
<p>Temperate rainforest soils of the Pacific Northwest are often carbon (C) rich and encompass a wide range in fertility reflecting varying nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability. Soil resource stoichiometry (C:N:P) may provide an effective measure of site nutrient status and help refine species-dependent patterns in forest productivity across edaphic gradients. We described the nature of soil organic matter for mineral soil and forest floor substrates across very wet (perhumid) rainforest sites of southwestern Vancouver Island (Canada), and employed soil element ratios as covariates in a long-term planting density trial to test their utility in defining basal area growth response of four conifer species. There were strong positive correlations in mineral soil C, N and organic P (P<sub>o</sub>) concentrations, and close alignment in C:N and C:P<sub>o</sub> both among and between substrates. Stand basal area after five decades was best reflected by soil C:N but included a significant species-soil interaction. The conifers with ectomycorrhizal fungi had diverging growth responses displaying either competitive (<i>Picea sitchensis</i>) or stress-tolerant (<i>Tsuga heterophylla</i>, <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>) attributes, in contrast to a more generalist response by an arbuscular mycorrhizal tree (<i>Thuja plicata</i>). Despite the consistent patterns in organic matter quality we found no evidence via foliar nutrition for increased P availability with declining element ratios as we did for N. The often high C:P<sub>o</sub> ratios (as much as 3000) of these soils may reflect a stronger immobilization sink for P than N, which, along with ongoing sorption of PO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>, could limit the utility of C:P<sub>o</sub> or N:P<sub>o</sub> to adequately reflect P supply. The dynamics and availability of soil P to trees, particularly as P<sub>o</sub>, deserves greater attention as many perhumid rainforests were co-limited by N and P, or, in some stands, possibly P alone. </p>
Phosphorus supply increases nitrogen transformation rates and retention in soil: a global meta-analysis
<p>Interactions between nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are important for plant growth and ecosystem carbon (C) sequestration. While effects of N supply on P dynamics have been much studied, much less is known about the opposite (P-effect on N). We conducted a meta-analysis by compiling a total of 1734 individual experimental observations from 116 peer-reviewed publications to assess P-addition effects on soil N dynamics. Globally, P additions increased the soil total N (TN) pool, potentially as a result of enhanced plant and microbial immobilization and reduced N losses, with a stronger effect detected under longer duration of P addition (≥ 5 years). A coupled increase in soil organic C with TN signifies the fundamental role of exogenous P supply in enhancing soil C sequestration. Phosphorus addition accelerated some of the soil N cycling processes including gross N mineralization, gross nitrification, and denitrification, with the effect sizes varying among ecosystem types and increasing with P addition rates. Our results indicate the fundamental role of P in affecting soil N pools and processes, and highlight the efficacy of P supply in sequestering soil C and mitigating global C emission.</p>
Soil biota is decisive for overyielding in intercropping under low phosphorus conditions
<p><span>Cereal/legume intercropping typically increase crop yield, however, the mechanisms </span><span>through which soil microbes </span><span>mediate overyielding in intercropping under different nutrient availability remain elusive.</span></p> <p><span>Here we examined the effect of soil biota and phosphate (P) availability on intercropping advantages in wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>) /faba bean (<em>Vicia faba</em>) systems using a pot experiment consisting of soil sterilization treatment and different P supply levels. A complementary experiment on the contribution of different microbial groups was also included using the removal method.</span></p> <p><span>Intercropping advantage was observed only in the presence of microbes and was mainly associated with increase of wheat biomass. </span><span>Overyielding</span><span> effect was stronger under low-P than high-P conditions, and </span><span>was negatively correlated with P availability and the effect of soil biota in the monoculture</span><span>. The effect was likely related to</span><span> </span><span>the enlarged active P pools and modified microbial communities associated with the alteration of rhizosphere traits (</span><span>protons and carboxylates</span><span>) by the neighboring faba bean. Similarly, simplification of soil microbes significantly increased the growth and P uptake of wheat plants while faba bean growth was less affected.</span></p> <p><em><span>Synthesis and applications.</span></em><span> </span><span>Our research provides compelling evidence that soil microbiome is important in driving intercropping overyielding by regulating interspecific interactions under nutrient limited conditions. These findings have important implications for crop species choice in designing and managing intercropping systems where crop functional traits, soil microbiome and nutrient management should be integrated in pursuit of sustainable agriculture</span><span>.</span></p>
Data from: Do microorganism stoichiometric alterations affect carbon sequestration in paddy soil subjected to phosphorus input?
Ecological stoichiometry provides a powerful tool for integrating microbial biomass stoichiometry with ecosystem processes, opening far-reaching possibilities for linking microbial dynamics to soil carbon (C) metabolism in response to agricultural nutrient management. Despite its importance to crop yield, the role of phosphorus (P) with respect to ecological stoichiometry and soil C sequestration in paddy fields remains poorly understood, which limits our ability to predict nutrient-related soil C cycling. Here, we collected soil samples from a paddy field experiment after 7 years of superphosphate application along a gradient of 0, 30, 60, 90 (P-0 through P-90, respectively) kg P ha-1 y-1 in order to evaluate the role of exogenous P on soil C sequestration through regulating microbial stoichiometry. P fertilization increased soil total organic C and labile organic C by 1-14% and 4-96%, respectively, while rice yield is a function of the activities of soil β-1, 4-glucosidase (BG), acid phosphatase (AP) and the level of available soil P through a stepwise linear regression model. P input induced C limitation as reflected by decreases in the ratios of C:P in soil and microbial biomass. An ecoenzymatic ratio indicating microbial investment in C versus P acquisition, i.e., ln(BG):ln(AP), changed the ecological function of microbial C acquisition and was stoichiometrically related to P input. This mechanism drove a shift in soil resource availability by increasing bacterial community richness and diversity, and stimulated soil C sequestration in the paddy field by enhancing C degradation-related bacteria for the breakdown of plant-derived carbon sources. Therefore, the decline in the C:P stoichiometric ratio of soil microorganism biomass under P input was beneficial for soil C sequestration, which offered a "win-win" relationship for the maximum balance point between C sequestration and P availability for rice production in the face of climate change.
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