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FIGURE 14. Tullbergia nearctica n in Two new genera and five new species of Tullbergiidae (Collembola) from the southern Appalachian Mountains of North America, with redescription of Tullbergia clavata Mills

FIGURE 14. Tullbergia nearctica n. sp. A, B) Postantennal organs. C) Labrum. D) Third thoracic and first abdominal segments, showing mid-dorsal band of larger granules. E) Abdominal segments V and VI, dorsal view. Top inset, seta p3 of Abd. V; bottom inset, seta a2 of Abd. VI. F) Venter of Abd. VI. Setae a5 and p5 not in plane of view. Scales: A‒C, 10 µm; D‒F, 20 µm.

FIGURE 4. Ameritulla obscura n in Two new genera and five new species of Tullbergiidae (Collembola) from the southern Appalachian Mountains of North America, with redescription of Tullbergia clavata Mills

FIGURE 4. Ameritulla obscura n. sp. A) Head, dorsal view. B) Thorax and abdomen, dorsal view. C) Abdominal segments II‒VI, ventral view. D) Postantennal organ. E) Labial palp. F) Third and fourth antennal segments, dorsal view. G) Fourth antennal segment, ventral view. H) Middle leg. I) Hind tibiotarsus. Scales: A, 100 µm; B, C, 100 µm; D‒I, 20 µm.

FIGURE 10. Stenaphorura shaconage n in Two new genera and five new species of Tullbergiidae (Collembola) from the southern Appalachian Mountains of North America, with redescription of Tullbergia clavata Mills

FIGURE 10. Stenaphorura shaconage n. sp. A) Head, dorsal view. B) Thorax and abdomen, dorsal view. C) Abdominal segments II‒VI, ventral view. D) Postantennal organ. E) Third and fourth antennal segments, dorsal view. F) Third and fourth antennal segments, ventral view. G) Labial palp. H) Outer lobe of maxilla. I) Middle leg. Scales: A, 100 µm; B, C, 100 µm; D, 10 µm; E‒I, 10 µm.

FIGURE 8. Psammophorura miniclavata n in Two new genera and five new species of Tullbergiidae (Collembola) from the southern Appalachian Mountains of North America, with redescription of Tullbergia clavata Mills

FIGURE 8. Psammophorura miniclavata n. sp. A) Head, dorsal view. B) Thorax and abdomen, dorsal view. C) Abdominal segments II‒VI, ventral view. D). Labial palp. E) Outer lobe of maxilla. F) Postantennal organs. G) Third and fourth antennal segments, dorsal view. H) Third and fourth antennal segments, ventral view. I) Middle leg. Scales: A, 25 µm; B, C, 100 µm; D‒H, 10 µm; I, 20 µm.

FIGURE 13. Tullbergia nearctica n in Two new genera and five new species of Tullbergiidae (Collembola) from the southern Appalachian Mountains of North America, with redescription of Tullbergia clavata Mills

FIGURE 13. Tullbergia nearctica n. sp. A) Head, dorsal view. B) Thorax and abdomen, dorsal view. C) Abdominal segments II‒VI, ventral view. D) Mandible apex. E. Labial palp. F. Postantennal organ and anterior pseudocellus. G) Third and fourth antennal segments, dorsal view. H) Third and fourth antennal segments, ventral view. I) Hind leg. J. Smooth region on venter of Abd. IV. Scales: A, 50 µm; B, C, 100 µm; D‒F, 10 µm; G‒I, 20 µm; J, 10 µm.

FIGURE 16 in Natural history and distribution of the enigmatic southern Appalachian opilionid, Fumontana deprehendor Shear (Laniatores: Triaenonychidae), with an assessment of morphological variation

FIGURE 16. Boxplot demonstrating the range of eye tubercle width for the different geographic regions of "predicted endemism".

FIGURE 17 in Natural history and distribution of the enigmatic southern Appalachian opilionid, Fumontana deprehendor Shear (Laniatores: Triaenonychidae), with an assessment of morphological variation

FIGURE 17. Results of the PCA of morphometric data taken from 25 characters (see appendix), with the two principal components explaining the greatest percentage of variation plotted against one another.

FIGURES 6–9 in Natural history and distribution of the enigmatic southern Appalachian opilionid, Fumontana deprehendor Shear (Laniatores: Triaenonychidae), with an assessment of morphological variation

FIGURES 6–9. Illustrations of the first legs of representative males from the four regions of "predicted endemism" (prolateral view). Corresponding localities indicated on Figure 1 by the following abbreviations: 6, BUMPUS; 7, FLATBR; 8, SHULER; 9, COLDMTN.

FIGURES 10–15 in Natural history and distribution of the enigmatic southern Appalachian opilionid, Fumontana deprehendor Shear (Laniatores: Triaenonychidae), with an assessment of morphological variation

FIGURES 10–15. SEM of F. deprehendor penes in ventral view (10–11, 13–15) and in ventrolateral view (12). Figures 10–11 shown to demonstrate typical morphology under optimal imaging conditions: 10, glans (FLATBR population); 11, setose lobes (FLATBR population). Figures 12–15 shown for the purpose of comparison across geographic regions: 12, NWPNF (BUMPUS population); 13, GSMR (FLATBR population); 14, JKFR (JOYCE population); 15, SWPNF (COWEEMTN population). Scale bars: 70 m (10), 100 m (11, 13–15), 200 m (12).

FIGURES 2–5 in Natural history and distribution of the enigmatic southern Appalachian opilionid, Fumontana deprehendor Shear (Laniatores: Triaenonychidae), with an assessment of morphological variation

FIGURES 2–5. Illustrations of pedipalps of representative males from the four regions of "predicted endemism" (prolateral view). Corresponding localities indicated on Figure 1 by the following abbreviations: 2, BUMPUS; 3, FLATBR; 4, SHULER; 5, COLDMTN.

FIGURE 1 in Natural history and distribution of the enigmatic southern Appalachian opilionid, Fumontana deprehendor Shear (Laniatores: Triaenonychidae), with an assessment of morphological variation

FIGURE 1. Distribution of sampled Fumontana deprehendor in the southern Appalachian mountains. A total of 24 localities were sampled, including both previously published localities (Shear 1977, 1978), labeled here as GREENBR and JOYCE. Dark circles represent sampled localities, with the size of circles proportional to the number of specimens collected. Open circles represent unsuccessful collecting attempts. Dark lines represent the four regions of "predicted endemism" (defined in the text) used as grouping variables in morphological analyses. These areas are regional highlands separated by major lowland riverine barriers. Stippled areas indicate elevations above 1000 meters.

Fig. 2 in Assessing the Old-Growth Dependency of Two Saproxylic Beetle Species in the Southern Appalachian Mountains

Fig. 2. (A) Phellopsis obcordata, dorsal habitus. (B) Fomitopsis ochracea, newly recorded host. (C) Records of P. obcordata and Fomitopsis spp. within Great Smoky Mountains National Park with historic land uses. Outlined areas on the map indicate areas searched during this study in 2019 and 2021. All records outside and some records inside of the areas searched are from iNaturalist and previous literature.

Fig. 1 in Assessing the Old-Growth Dependency of Two Saproxylic Beetle Species in the Southern Appalachian Mountains

Fig. 1. Map of the southern Appalachian Mountains in the southeastern United States, showing collecting areas within National Forests and Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP). Inset shows the region within the United States.

Fig. 5 in Assessing the Old-Growth Dependency of Two Saproxylic Beetle Species in the Southern Appalachian Mountains

Fig. 5. Probability of occurrence within Great Smoky Mountains National Park of (A) Phellopsis obcordata based on distance from the nearest undisturbed forest (0 indicates inside undisturbed areas), and (B) Megalodacne heros based on elevation.

Fig. 4 in Assessing the Old-Growth Dependency of Two Saproxylic Beetle Species in the Southern Appalachian Mountains

Fig. 4. Boxplots of (A) elevation, (B) tree diameter, and (C) basal area among sampled historic disturbance classes in Great Smoky Mountains National Park.

Fig. 3 in Assessing the Old-Growth Dependency of Two Saproxylic Beetle Species in the Southern Appalachian Mountains

Fig. 3. (A) Megalodacne heros, dorsal habitus. (B) Ganoderma tsugae. (C) Records of M. heros and host Ganoderma spp. within Great Smoky Mountains National Park with historic land uses. Outlined areas on the map indicate areas searched during this study in 2019 and 2021.All records outside and some records inside of the areas searched are from iNaturalist.

Fig. 4 in Intraspecific Diversity and Phylogeography in Southern Appalachian Dasycerus carolinensis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Dasycerinae)

Fig. 4. Bayesian phylogram for DASYCerUS CArolinenSiS based on COI alone, including only unique haplotypes.Taxon names include unique extraction number (SSMxxx) and COI haplotype number, corresponding to those in Fig. 5 (coixx). Colors of names are keyed to localities as shown in map inset.Taxa representing geographic areas are indicated by W1,W2, and NE, as described in text, and as outlined on the map inset. Bayesian posterior probabilities>60% are shown on branches.

Fig. 3 in Intraspecific Diversity and Phylogeography in Southern Appalachian Dasycerus carolinensis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Dasycerinae)

Fig. 3. Bayesian phylogram for DASYCerUS CArolinenSiS based on CAD alone, including only unique alleles. Names of terminals represent CAD allele number, corresponding to those in Fig. 5 (DcaCADxx). Colors of names are keyed to localities as shown in map inset.Taxa representing geographic areas are indicated by W1, W2, and NE, as described in text, and as outlined on the map inset, though none strictly form clades under CAD alone. ('Misplaced' alleles are marked with asterisks.) Bayesian posterior probabilities>60% are shown on branches.

Fig. 2 in Intraspecific Diversity and Phylogeography in Southern Appalachian Dasycerus carolinensis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Dasycerinae)

Fig. 2. Combined data (COI + CAD) Bayesian phylogeny, including all unique DASYCerUS individuals. Taxon names represent extraction numbers. Colors of names are keyed to localities as shown in map inset. Numbers on branches indicate posterior probabilities. NE, W1, and W2 refer to northeastern, western 1, and western 2 major clades as discussed in the text, and as outlined on the map inset. Estimated ages (MYBP) are shown at major nodes, with 95% confidence intervals in purple.

Fig. 1 in Intraspecific Diversity and Phylogeography in Southern Appalachian Dasycerus carolinensis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Dasycerinae)

Fig. 1. Map of the southern Appalachian region showing the distribution of sampling sites for DASYCerUS CArolinenSiS. Numbers within colored balloons represent numbers of individuals sequenced (for at least one gene) for each site. Colors of balloons match those in network and tree figures below.White balloons indicate sites represented by one or two individuals, excluded from population genetic comparisons. CC = Coopers Creek; Ea = Eastatoe; HC = Horse Cove Gap; 9× = Nine Times Preserve; Sf = Sassafras Peak;TR = Table Rock Mountain State Park; AP = Ashmore Heritage Preserve. Inset shows dorsal habitus photo of D. CArolinenSiS.