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72 results for “speciation rates”
Data from: Comparing the rates of speciation and extinction between phylogenetic trees
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Data from: An inverse latitudinal gradient in speciation rate for marine fishes
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Data from: Evolutionarily distinct “living fossils” require both lower speciation and lower extinction rates
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Data from: Is specialization an evolutionary dead-end? Testing for differences in speciation, extinction and trait transition rates across diverse phylogenies of specialists and generalists.
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Data from: Towards a self-updating platform for estimating rates of speciation and migration, ages, and relationships of taxa
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Data from: Sexual selection and diversification: reexamining the correlation between dichromatism and speciation rate in birds
Theory predicts that sexual selection can serve as an important driver of speciation, but phylogenetic comparative analyses have failed to demonstrate a consistent effect of sexual selection on species richness at macroevolutionary scales. Sexual dichromatism in birds is an example of a phenotypic trait that is hypothesized to reflect the intensity of sexual selection, yet previous studies have reached ambiguous conclusions regarding its role in promoting species diversification. Here, we revisit this problem by pairing published spectrophotometer estimates of plumage dichromatism in the bird-visible range with a newly developed method for modeling speciation rates on phylogenetic trees that explicitly accounts for diversification rate variation through time and among clades. We find little evidence linking dichromatism to speciation across birds, using several measures of dichromatism and macroevolutionary diversification. These results suggest that sexual dichromatism plays a limited role in determining speciation rates at macroevolutionary scales in birds.
Data from: Speciation rate is independent of the rate of evolution of morphological size, shape, and absolute morphological specialization in a large clade of birds
Whether ecological differences between species evolve in parallel with lineage diversification is a fundamental issue in evolutionary biology. These processes might be connected if conditions that favor the proliferation of species, such as release from competitors, facilitate the evolution of novel ecological relationships. Despite this, phylogenetic studies do not consistently identify such a connection. Conversely, if higher diversity caused species to become increasingly specialized ecologically, lineage diversification might become dissociated from ecological diversification. In this analysis, we ask whether the rate of lineage diversification in a large clade of birds is correlated with morphological specialization and with rates of morphological evolution. We find that morphological variation is related to species richness within clades, but that the rate of morphological evolution is decoupled from the rate of lineage diversification. Additionally, morphological specialization within lineages is independent of the rate at which lineages diversify, with the results apparently robust against false negative inference. This dissociation is likely a consequence of the major ecomorphological differences between avian clades arising early in their evolutionary history, with comparatively little variation added subsequently, while avian diversification has been driven predominantly by geographic isolation and sexual selection. Accordingly, biodiversity appears to be limited by the extent to which taxa can subdivide exploited regions of ecological space, and not just overall ecological opportunity.
Data from: High speciation rate at temperate latitudes explains unusual diversity gradients in a clade of ectomycorrhizal fungi
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Data from: Speciation rate is independent of the rate of evolution of morphological size, shape, and absolute morphological specialization in a large clade of birds
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Data from: The rate test of speciation: estimating the likelihood of non-allopatric speciation from reproductive isolation rates in Drosophila
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Data from: Sexual selection and diversification: reexamining the correlation between dichromatism and speciation rate in birds
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Figure 2 in Reproductive isolation and the causes of speciation rate variation in nature
Figure 2. Alternative species taxonomies can lead to radically different perspectives on species and speciation. A, time-calibrated phylogeny for stickleback fishes (Gasterosteidae) from Rabosky et al. (2013). Divergence times are broadly congruent with the known fossil history for the genus (Bell, Stewart & Park, 2009). B, hypothetical shape of the stickleback phylogeny if some of the numerous intraspecific morphological variants (open circles) within the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) are elevated to full species status. Many freshwater stickleback populations are morphologically distinct from the marine ancestral form and potentially warrant recognition as distinct biological species (Moodie & Reimchen, 1976; Mcphail, 1994; Bell, 1995; Nelson, 2006; Reimchen et al., 2013); there are potentially dozens or hundreds of such forms. Bell (1995) suggests that, given the extent of morphological parallelism among divergent forms, '... it is neither practical nor useful to describe the biological species within the G. aculeatus complex as separate taxonomic species'. However, given that many such forms could be recognized as distinct taxonomic species, it is worth considering how their recognition would change our interpretation of speciation rates. Previous studies on speciation rates across fishes (Near et al., 2013; Rabosky et al., 2013) include only information from deep nodes (dark circles). However, recent divergences, almost all of which are no older than the most recent glacial maximum (arrow), are ignored by this approach. For the phylogeny in (A), the maximum likelihood estimate of the speciation rate under a constant-rate birth-death model (Nee et al., 1994) is 0.055 lineages Myr–1. For the phylogeny in (B), which assumes the presence of 30 biological species in 'Gasterosteus aculueatus', all of which have diverged within the past 30 000 years, we infer a speciation rate of 65.4 lineages Myr–1. The number of recently-diverged species spliced into the phylogeny shown in (B) is arbitrary, although it illustrates the profound effects that taxonomic decisions can have on inferences about speciation rate. Understanding the relationship between speciation as studied at population genetic scales (open circles) and macroevolutionary scales (dark circles) is one of the central challenges for the future of speciation research.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.