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Fig. 8 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 8. Chlorophyll (A) and carotenoid (B) contents (mg/g FW) in pea shoots developed from not primed (NP) and primed (P) seeds at 0 and 120 mM NaCl.The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.

Fig. 10 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 10. Total flavonoid content (mg QE/g FW) in roots and shoots of seedlings developed from not primed (NP) and primed (P) pea seeds at 0 and 120 mM NaCl. The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.

Fig. 11 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 11. Total precipitable alkaloids content (mg PAHE/g FW) in roots and shoots of seedlings developed from not primed (NP) and primed (P) pea seeds at 0 and 120 mM NaCl. The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.

Fig. 7 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 7. Sodium (a), potassium (b), and phosphor (c) content (in %) in (A) pea germinated not primed (NP) and primed (P) seeds and (B) in shoots developed from P and NP seeds, in the presence of NaCl at different concentrations. The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.

Fig. 5 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 5. Proline content (μmol/g DW) in (A) pea germinated not primed (NP) and primed (P) seeds and (B) in roots and shoots of seedlings developed from P and NP seeds,in the presence of NaCl at different concentrations. The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.

Fig. 6 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 6. Total soluble sugars content (mg/g FW) in (A) pea germinated not primed (NP) and primed (P) seeds and (B) in roots and shoots of seedlings developed from P and NP seeds, in the presence of NaCl at different concentrations. The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.

Fig. 3 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 3. Content of malondialdehyde (MDA) (U/g FW) in (A) pea germinated not primed (NP) and primed (P) seeds and (B) in roots and shoots of seedlings developed from P and NP seeds, in the presence of NaCl at different concentrations. The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.

Fig. 2 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 2. Electrolyte leakage (%) of (A) pea germinated not primed (NP) and primed (P) seeds and (B) and pea roots and shoots of seedlings developed from P and NP seeds in the presence of NaCl at different concentrations, after an immersion of 24 and 48 h in distilled water. The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.

Fig. 1 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 1. Roots and shoots length, developed from primed seeds, at 0 and 120 mM NaCl, expressed in percent of control (seedlings developed from not primed (NP) seeds). Value (N = 4 ± S.E.). Different letters in columns indicate significant differences at p <0.05.

Fig. 9 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 9. Total phenolic content (mg GA/g FW) in roots and shoots of seedlings developed from not primed (NP) and primed (P) pea seeds at 0 and 120 mM NaCl. The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

dryad32/100

Banks grass mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) suppression may add to the benefit of drought-tolerant corn hybrids exposed to water-stress

Spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) outbreaks are common on corn grown in the arid West. Hot and dry conditions reduce mite development time, increase fecundity, and accelerate egg hatch. Climate change is predicted to increase drought incidents and produce more intense temperature patterns. Together, these environmental shifts may cause more frequent and severe spider mite infestations. Spider mite management is difficult as many commercially-available acaricides are ineffective due to the development of resistance traits in field mite populations. Therefore, alternative approaches to suppress outbreaks are critically needed. Drought-tolerant plant hybrids alleviate the challenges of growing crops in water-limited environments; yet, it is unclear if drought-tolerant hybrids exposed to water-stress affects mite outbreaks under these conditions. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to evaluate the effect of drought-tolerant corn hybrids on Banks grass mite, a primary pest of corn, under optimal irrigation and water-stress irrigation. This was followed by a 2-year field study investigating the effect of drought-tolerant corn hybrids exposed to the same irrigation treatments on Banks grass mite artificially infested on hybrids and resident spider mite populations. Results showed that water-stressed drought-tolerant hybrids had significantly lower Banks grass mite and resident spider mite populations than water-stressed drought-susceptible hybrids. Interestingly, water-stressed drought-tolerant hybrids had equal Banks grass mite populations to drought-susceptible and drought-tolerant hybrids under optimal irrigation. We posit that planting drought-tolerant hybrids may suppress spider mite outbreaks in water-challenged areas.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

Rapid evolutionary tradeoffs between resistance to herbivory and tolerance to abiotic stress in an invasive plant

The datatset was collected from field survey, common garden experiments and lab experiments. All data analyses were performed in R 4.1.3 (R Development Core Team 2021) and SPSS 20.0 (IBM SPSS, Somers, NY, USA). The effects of re-association history (infested vs. uninfested; 0-, 9-, 13-, 17-year-reassociation) on insect bioassays (i.e., development time, weight, pepsin and trypsin enzyme activity of O. communa), plant assays including biomass ratio, MDA change rate and antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS), and leaf chemical assays (concentrations of tannin, lignin, CGA, two individual flavonol derivates, nitrogen and carbon) were estimated using general linear mixed models (LMMs) in R, with reassociation history as a fixed factor and population (nested within reassociation history) as a random factor.  For all these data, we also separately assessed correlations with the duration of re-association with the specialist natural enemy (the number of re-association years, i.e., 0, 9, 13, 17) at the individual level using Spearman correlation assays in SPSS 20.0. To analyze the correlation between insect traits (i.e., development time, weight, pepsin and trypsin enzyme activity of O. communa) and leaf defensive chemicals (i.e., tannin and lignin), we calculated the mean value of each index at the population level for each of the four re-association durations and used Pearson correlation assays in SPSS 20.0. The same procedure was followed for analyzing the correlation between drought stress tolerance and concentrations of leaf antioxidant chemicals. In addition, for the widely targeted metabolic data, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using R to visualize the sample distributions.

Fig. 5 in Transcriptome profiling of two Dactylis glomerata L. cultivars with different tolerance in response to submergence stress

Fig. 5. Gene Ontology (GO) classification of genes that only expressed differently in tolerant material 'Dianbei' and expressed differently between two materials all the time. (a) Gene Ontology (GO) classification of 1395 genes only expressed differently in tolerant material 'Dianbei'; (b) GO classification of 18 genes that were found to expressed differently between two materials all the time.

Fig. 1 in Transcriptome profiling of two Dactylis glomerata L. cultivars with different tolerance in response to submergence stress

Fig. 1. Hierarchical clustering analysis of changes in gene expression in two D. glomerata cultivars under submergence tolerance.

Fig. 3 in Transcriptome profiling of two Dactylis glomerata L. cultivars with different tolerance in response to submergence stress

Fig. 3. Gene Ontology (GO) classification of assembled unigenes in two D. glomerata cultivars, submergence-tolerant 'Dianbei' and submergence-sensitive 'Anba'.

Fig. 4 in Transcriptome profiling of two Dactylis glomerata L. cultivars with different tolerance in response to submergence stress

Fig. 4. Scatterplot of enriched KEGG pathways for differentially expressed genes between two D. glomerata cultivars.