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268 results for “survivorship”
No major cost of evolved survivorship in Drosophila melanogaster populations coevolving with Pseudomonas entomophila
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Data from: Survivorship and growth in staghorn coral (Acropora cervicornis) outplanting projects in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
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Survivorship of geographic Pomacea canaliculata populations in responses to cold acclimation
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Data from: Evaluating transgenic Darling 54 American chestnuts for reintroduction: Insights from survivorship, growth, and respiration in a common garden
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Data from: Live fast, die young? Day- and night-warming affects the growth, survivorship and behavior of caterpillars in the field
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Freshwater fish and the Cretaceous/Palaeogene boundary: A critical assessment of survivorship patterns
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Struggling to survive: A comparison of Vanessa cardui larval survivorship on putative host plants
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Data from: The effect of weathering on bird bone survivorship in modern and fossil saline-alkaline lake environments
A modern Lesser Flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor) assemblage was collected along the shoreline of Lake Emakat, a saline-alkaline lake in northern Tanzania. Taphonomic analysis found the assemblage to be heavily weathered. This is likely due to the bone's heightened exposure to solar radiation and corrosive soil and water chemistries, as is expected to occur in such depositional environments. Analysis found that deep, wide, longitudinal cracks penetrate the medullar cavities of both weathered and unweathered long bones. The cause and taphonomic consequence of these cracks are addressed here, using data from Lake Emakat and from controlled studies. Results support repeated (episodic) submersion, followed by drying, as the causal mechanism behind these wet-dry cracks. Mineral salt uptake by bone may explain the early appearance and prevalence of these cracks in saline-alkaline lake settings, as compared to other depositional settings. The rate of weathering and incidence of wet-dry cracking varies significantly across limb elements. This difference correlates to element specific resistance properties to external loading forces. Heavy weathering weakens the structural integrity of bone and can accelerate its fragmentation. This can lead to bird bone loss in nearshore and ephemeral wetland settings, which may then affect resulting skeletal part, diversity, and richness profiles. Heavy weathering can therefore obscure important taphonomic and paleoecological information. The weathering data collected here are then applied to a fossil bird assemblage from the FLK Complex, (late Pliocene), Olduvai Gorge, in Tanzania. Results provide evidence for the effect of weathering on paleoecological and behavioral interpretations. Weathering should be considered when analyzing fossil bird assemblages.
Data from: Reconstructing the migratory behavior and long-term survivorship of juvenile Chinook salmon under contrasting hydrologic regimes
The loss of genetic and life history diversity has been documented across many taxonomic groups, and is considered a leading cause of increased extinction risk. Juvenile salmon leave their natal rivers at different sizes, ages and times of the year, and it is thought that this life history variation contributes to their population sustainability, and is thus central to many recovery efforts. However, in order to preserve and restore diversity in life history traits, it is necessary to first understand how environmental factors affect their expression and success. We used otolith 87Sr/86Sr in adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytcha) returning to the Stanislaus River in the California Central Valley (USA) to reconstruct the sizes at which they outmigrated as juveniles in a wetter (2000) and drier (2003) year. We compared rotary screw trap-derived estimates of outmigrant timing, abundance and size with those reconstructed in the adults from the same cohort. This allowed us to estimate the relative survival and contribution of migratory phenotypes (fry, parr, smolts) to the adult spawning population under different flow regimes. Juvenile abundance and outmigration behavior varied with hydroclimatic regime, while downstream survival appeared to be driven by size- and time-selective mortality. Although fry survival is generally assumed to be negligible in this system, >20% of the adult spawners from outmigration year 2000 had outmigrated as fry. In both years, all three phenotypes contributed to the spawning population, however their relative proportions differed, reflecting greater fry contributions in the wetter year (23% vs. 10%) and greater smolt contributions in the drier year (13% vs. 44%). These data demonstrate that the expression and success of migratory phenotypes vary with hydrologic regime, emphasizing the importance of maintaining diversity in a changing climate.
Data from: Step-patterned survivorship curves: mortality and loss of equilibrium responses to high temperature and food restriction in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
<p>While survivorship curves typically exhibit smooth declines over time, step-patterned curves can occur with multiple stressors within a life stage. To explore this process, we examined the effects of heat (24 ºC) and food restriction on juvenile rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> Walbaum) in challenge experiments. We observed step-patterned survivorship curves determined by mortality and loss of equilibrium (LOE) endpoints. To examine the cause of heterogeneity in the stress responses from early to late mortality and LOE, we measured indices of energetic reserves. The step transition in the survivorship curves, the peak mortality rates, and start of when individuals reached a critical energetic threshold (14% dry mass; 4.0 kJ·g<sup>-1</sup> energy) all occurred at around days 10-15 of the challenge. The coherence in these temporal patterns suggest heterogeneity in the cohort stress responses, in which an early subgroup died from heat stress and a late subgroup died from starvation. Thus, their endpoint sensitivities resulted in step-patterned survivorship curves. We discuss the implications of the study for understanding effects of multiple stressors on population heterogeneity and note the possible significance of stress response selection under climate change in which heat stress and food limitations occur in concert.</p>
Data from: Sex and hibernaculum temperature predict survivorship in white-nose syndrome affected little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus)
White-nose syndrome (WNS), an emerging infectious disease caused by the novel fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, has devastated North American bat populations since its discovery in 2006. The little brown myotis, Myotis lucifugus, has been especially affected. The goal of this 2-year captive study was to determine the impact of hibernacula temperature and sex on WNS survivorship in little brown myotis that displayed visible fungal infection when collected from affected hibernacula. In study 1, we found that WNS-affected male bats had increased survival over females and that bats housed at a colder temperature survived longer than those housed at warmer temperatures. In study 2, we found that WNS-affected bats housed at a colder temperature fared worse than unaffected bats. Our results demonstrate that WNS mortality varies among individuals, and that colder hibernacula are more favourable for survival. They also suggest that female bats may be more negatively affected by WNS than male bats, which has important implications for the long-term survival of the little brown myotis in eastern North America.
Data from: Female lizards choose warm, moist nests that improve embryonic survivorship and offspring fitness
1. The fitness consequence of maternal nest-site choice has attracted increasing scientific attention, but field studies identifying the long-term effects of nest-site choice on offspring survival and reproductive success are still rare in vertebrates. 2. To investigate the consequences of nest-site choice in lizards, we quantified the thermal and hydric conditions of nest sites that were chosen by female toad-headed agama (Phrynocephalus przewalskii) in the desert steppe of northern China. We also determined the effect of nest-site choice on embryonic development and survival and on offspring growth, survival, and maturity by comparing the embryos and offspring from maternally and randomly chosen nest sites. 3. We found that female toad-headed agama chose warm and moist nest sites that improved the developmental rate and survivorship of embryos and promoted the post-hatching growth, sexual maturity, reproduction, and fitness of offspring, thereby improving their reproductive success. 4. Such studies on short-lived lizards across multiple stages of embryonic and postembryonic ontogeny are critical for fully understanding the fitness consequences of nest-site choice.
Fig. 1. A in Survivorship of Immature Stages of Eurypedus nigrosignatus Boheman (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Physonotini) in Central Panama
Fig. 1. A) Eggs of Eurypedus nigrosignatus deposited in masses (five to 29 eggs) on the abaxial leaf side. B) Second and third instars feeding; C) adults mating; D) pentatomid preying on a third instar. Note that the bug is piercing the larva from the side; thus, avoiding the shield; E) Spider preying on an adult.
Lagged effects of herbivory impact host-choice but not nymphal survivorship in an ant-protected treehopper
<p>Theoretical studies have shown that in protection mutualism, modification of top-down control by protectors may be destabilizing. Central to this prediction are the assumptions that 1) protection mutualism increases the abundance of protected partners, 2) this increased abundance generates a lagged effect on partner resources, and 3) spatial dynamics can be ignored. Although a number of studies have confirmed that protection mutualism can increase the abundance of protected herbivores, the evidence for a negative effect of protected herbivores on plant quality is mixed, and we are unaware of any studies that have explored the effect of protected herbivores on plant quality across growing seasons. Here, we use the protection mutualism between ants and the treehopper <em>Publilia concava</em> to evaluate the assumption that treehopper herbivory has a lagged effect on plant quality. We also evaluated whether ant-protection exacerbated the negative effect of treehoppers on their host plants. We used a two-way factorial design that manipulated ant and treehopper presence on goldenrod host plants in one year, and assessed oviposition and survivorship on those same plants in the subsequent year. Treehopper herbivory was associated with a decrease in the probability of oviposition and female treehoppers laid significantly fewer egg masses on plants that had been fed on the previous year, regardless of ant-tending. In contrast, a prior history of herbivory had no impact on future treehopper performance as measured by nymph survival. Ant tending increased treehopper abundance and exacerbated the risk of plant mortality but otherwise did not significantly modify the negative effect of treehopper herbivory on plant quality or future treehopper performance. Although the increase in treehopper abundance associated with ant-tending and the lagged oviposition response of treehoppers is consistent with the core assumptions of a model showing that mutualism can be destabilizing, the avoidance of previously occupied plants for oviposition is not. These results highlight the importance of future modeling studies that explore spatiotemporal dynamics in protection mutualism, and long-term field studies that track the effect of mutualism across years.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Survivorship Rates Of Adult Anolis Mariarum (Squamata: Polychrotidae) In Two Populations With Differing Mean And Asymptotic Body Sizes
FIGURE 1: Documented distribution of Anolis mariarum in northern Colombia, with the location of the Caldas and Santa Elena study sites indicated by the filled circles.
Figure 2 in Development rates, larval survivorship and wing length of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) at constant temperatures
Figure 2. Temperature-dependent rate of development in male (A) and female (B) Culex pipiens from larva I until adult emergence: observed data (open circles) fitted to the Briére model (dotted line) and degree-day model (solid line).
Figure 1 in Development rates, larval survivorship and wing length of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) at constant temperatures
Figure 1. Median (Q1–Q3) developmental time (days) of males (M) and females (F) of Culex pipiens at five constant temperatures: (A) from larva I until adult emergence; (B) for larvae IV only. Within each temperature and life stage, medians followed by different letters are significantly different (P <0.05, Mann–Whitney U -test). Numbers of individuals that emerged as male or female are indicated in parentheses.
Figure 3 in Development rates, larval survivorship and wing length of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) at constant temperatures
Figure 3. Mean (± SEM) wing length of males (filled squares) and females (open squares) of Culex pipiens reared under constant temperature conditions. Asterisks indicate significant differences between sexes (Student's t-test, P <0.05). For each sex, means with different letters are significantly different (analysis of variance, Tukey's test, P <0.05).
Genetic loci associated with winter survivorship in diverse lowland switchgrass populations: SNP read count data
<p>High winter mortality is the most important factor limiting biomass yield of lowland switchgrass planted in the northern latitudes of North America. Due to the perennial growth habit and strong dependence on weather conditions to generate sufficient selection pressure to identify winter-hardy individuals, breeding of cold tolerant switchgrass cultivars requires many years. Identification of causal genetic variants for winter survivorship would accelerate the improvement of switchgrass biomass production. The objective of this study was to identify allelic variation associated with winter survivorship in lowland switchgrass populations using bulk segregant analysis (BSA). Twenty-nine lowland switchgrass populations were evaluated for winter survival at two locations in southern Wisconsin and 21 population with differential winter survivorship was used for BSA. A maximum of 10% of the individuals per population (8-20) was bulked to create survivor and non-survivor DNA pools. The DNA pools were evaluated using exome capture sequencing and allele frequencies were used to conduct statistical tests. The BSA tests revealed nine QTL from tetraploid populations and seven QTL from octoploid populations. Some markers were identified in multiple populations that originated across a broad geographic landscape, while other markers were site-specific. QTL at positions 88 Mb on chromosome 2N, 115 Mb on chromosome 5K, and 1 and 100 Mb on chromosome 9N were potentially the most useful QTL. Markers associated with winter survivorship in this study can be used to accelerate breeding cycles of lowland switchgrass populations and should lead to improvements in adaptation within USDA hardiness zones 4 and 5.</p>
Fig. 3 in Age- and sex-specific survivorship of the Southern Hemisphere long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas edwardii)
Fig. 3.—Age-specific mortality rates (qx) for male and female longfinned pilot whales (Globicephala melas edwardii) mass-stranded on the New Zealand coast between 2006 and 2017. Points are based on traditional life table calculations (qx) and smoothed curves were fitted using the Siler model (Siler qx). Age-class = age x to x + 1.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.