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154 results for “timber”
Ship Timber Rotherhithe
Timber from a ship on the Thames foreshore near the Mayflower pub at Rotherhithe, London. This area was heavily used for the breaking up of ships. Date: 19th Century approx. Kindly suggested by Alan Murphy (Mudlark_thames_larker, Rothersman) who also helps with the in situ care of the timbers here. 332 photos taken in January 2020 with a Sony a6000 and processed in Reality Capture. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Shear strength characterization and statistical modelling of 12 hardwood timber species from the Congo Basin
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Advancing Wood Quality with Convective Vacuum Drying and its Influence on Multiple Properties of Mangifera Indica L. Timber
<p>This study explores the impact of convective vacuum drying on the quality of Mangifera indica L. timber, focusing on key parameters such as drying rate, time, and alterations in mechanical, physical, and anatomical properties. By significantly reducing moisture content, this method aims to enhance basic density, reduce volumetric shrinkage, and improve mechanical strength. Additionally, the study examines potential anatomical changes, including vessel and fiber dimensions, and assesses the overall suitability of convective vacuum drying for improving timber quality for industrial applications.</p>
Characterization of mortar-timber and timber-timber cyclic friction in timber floor connections of masonry buildings (dataset)
<p>The seismic performance of buildings depends critically on the stiffness and strength of<br> storey diaphragms. Whilst for modern reinforced concrete or steel structures the<br> connection between floors and lateral resisting members is often assumed as<br> monolithic, timber floors and ceilings in masonry buildings are susceptible to sliding in<br> their supports. In fact, the anchorage of timber beams in masonry walls and<br> intermediate supports relies partly or totally on a frictional type of resisting mechanism.<br> The present work contributes to characterize this behaviour by presenting the results of<br> an extensive experimental programme with cyclic friction triplet tests between mortar<br> and timber units, and between timber and timber units. These were produced to be<br> representative of connection typologies characteristic of pre-modern and contemporary<br> construction periods. Each test was performed under a constant level of contact<br> pressure, which was increased throughout each series to cover a range of normal<br> forces foreseeable in building connections. Other aspects are also discussed, such as<br> the influence of cumulative loading or velocity. The experimental dataset is herein made<br> available for public use.</p>
Dataset for: Patterns of understory invasion in exotic, invasive timber stands
<p>Current climate and land cover change threaten global mountaintops with increased spread of invasive species. Long-established plantations of exotic and invasive trees on these mountaintops can alter their surroundings, further increasing invader-facilitated invasion. Identifying the ecological conditions that promote such specific associations can help develop better management interventions. </p> <p>The Western Ghats's Shola Sky Islands (>1400m MSL) host vast stretches of exotic and invasive tree plantations that sustain colonisation of other invasive woody, herbaceous and fern species in their understories. Here we analysed vegetation and landscape variables from 232 systematically-placed plots in randomly selected grids using NMDS and Phi Coefficient approaches, to examine patterns of association (positive interactions) between understory invasive species with specific exotic and invasive overstory species. We also conducted GLMM with zero inflation to determine the influence of environmental variables where such associations occur. </p> <p>We find that understory invasion of multiple species under the canopy of other exotic invasives is widespread across the Shola Sky Islands. Stands of Eucalyptus host the colonisation of 70% of non-native invasive species surveyed across the Shola Sky Islands. In particular, Lantana camara invasion is strongly associated with Eucalyptus stands. </p> <p><span></span></p> <p>We also found that climatic variables affect the colonisation of understorey woody invasive species, while invasion by exotic herbaceous species is associated with the density of road networks. Canopy cover impacts all invasives negatively, while incidence of fire was negatively associated with invasion by <em>Lantana</em> spp and the <em>Pteridium</em> spp. While the restoration of natural habitats largely targets the highly invasive Acacia, less invasive Eucalyptus and Pine are often not included. Our study suggests that retaining such exotic species in natural habitats, particularly protected areas, can hinder ongoing restoration efforts by facilitating further invasions by multiple woody and herbaceous species. </p>
Male dispersal drives gene flow in Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus)
<p class="MsoNormal">Threatened across much of their range, timber rattlesnakes (<em>Crotalus horridus</em>) exhibit patterns in movement and genetic diversity that are shaped by many aspects of their environments in ways that may foster or constrain conservation. We combine movement data with nuclear and mitochondrial population genetic data to understand the population structure of snakes in four overwintering sites (hibernacula) in central Pennsylvania. Our analyses support the conclusion that hibernacula separated by only a few kilometers can represent genetically distinct populations. In addition, as the first dataset to compare nuclear and mitochondrial patterns in<em> C. horridus</em>, we provide novel evidence for how likely asymmetry in gene flow (with males responsible for inter-hibernaculum matings) shapes timber rattlesnake population genetics.</p>
Charlton Ship Timbers 8
Ship's timbers on the Thames foreshore at Charlton (near the Anchor & Hope Pub), London. http://www.thamesdiscovery.org/riverpedia/charlton-riverpedia Photos taken in April 2021 with a Sony a6000 and processed in Agisoft Metashape. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Ship Timber Rotherhithe
Timber from a ship on the Thames foreshore near the Mayflower pub at Rotherhithe, London. This area was heavily used for the breaking up of ships. Date: 19th Century approx. Kindly suggested by Alan Murphy (Mudlark_thames_larker, Rothersman) who also helps with the in situ care of the timbers here. 188 photos taken in January 2020 with a Sony a6000 and processed in Reality Capture. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Saxon Timber Rotherhithe
Possible small Saxon timber on the Thames foreshore near the Mayflower pub at Rotherhithe, London. Kindly suggested by Alan Murphy (Mudlark_thames_larker, Rothersman). 115 photos taken in January 2020 with a Sony a6000 and processed in Reality Capture. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Charlton Ship Timbers 11
Ship's timbers on the Thames foreshore at Charlton (near the Anchor & Hope Pub), London. http://www.thamesdiscovery.org/riverpedia/charlton-riverpedia Photos taken in April 2021 with a Sony a6000 and processed in Metashape. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Data from: Investigating the spatial, demographic, and genetic structures of Cylicodiscus gabunensis Harms, a light-demanding African timber species
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Dataset for: Patterns of understory invasion in exotic, invasive timber stands
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Experimental evaluation of herbicide use on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and timber production tradeoffs in forest plantations
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Male dispersal drives gene flow in Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus)
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Insights from the timber rattlesnake (<em>Crotalus horridus</em>) genome for MHC gene architecture and evolution in threatened rattlesnakes
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Data from: Timber and trails: Low-intensity selective logging and elephant trails shape seedling dynamics in an Afrotropical forest
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Data from: Impacts of selective logging on inbreeding and gene flow in two Amazonian timber species with contrasting ecological and reproductive characteristics
Selective logging in Brazil allows for the removal of up to 90% of trees above 50 cm diameter of a given timber species, independent of a species' life history characteristics or how quickly it will recover. The genetic and demographic effects of selective logging on two Amazonian timber species (Dipteryx odorata Leguminosae, Jacaranda copaia Bignoniaceae) with contrasting ecological and reproductive characteristics were assessed in the same forest. Genetic diversity and gene flow were characterized by genotyping adults and seed sampled before and after logging, using hypervariable microsatellite markers. Overall, there were no short term genetic impacts on the J. copaia population, with commercial application of current Brazilian forest management regulations. In contrast, for D. odorata selective logging showed a range of genetic impacts, with a 10% loss of alleles, and reductions in siring by pollen from trees within the 546 ha study area (23% to 11%) and in the number of pollen donors per progeny array (2.8 to 1.6), illustrating the importance of the surrounding landscape. Asynchrony in flowering between D. odorata trees led to trees with no breeding partners, which could limit the species reproduction and regeneration under current regulations. The results are summarised with other published studies from the same site and the implications for forest management discussed. The different types and levels of impacts associated with each species support the idea that ecological and genetic information by species, ecological guild or reproductive group are essential in helping to derive sustainable logging guidelines for tropical forests.
Data from: Seed and pollen dispersal distances in two African legume timber trees and their reproductive potential under selective logging
The natural regeneration of tree species depends on seed and pollen dispersal. To assess if limited dispersal could be critical for the sustainability of selective logging practices, we performed parentage analyses in two Central African legume canopy species displaying contrasted floral and fruit traits: Distemonanthus benthamianus and Erythrophleum suaveolens. We also developed new tools linking forward dispersal kernels with backward migration rates to better characterize long-distance dispersal. Much longer pollen dispersal in D. benthamianus (mean distance dp=700m, mp=52% immigration rate in 6 km2 plot, s=7% selfing rate) than in E. suaveolens (dp=294m, mp=22% in 2 km2 plot, s=20%) might reflect different insect pollinators. At a local scale, secondary seed dispersal by vertebrates led to larger seed dispersal distances in the barochorous E. suaveolens (ds=175m) than in the wind-dispersed D. benthamianus (ds=71m). Yet, seed dispersal appeared much more fat-tailed in the latter species (15-25% seeds dispersing >500m), putatively due to storm winds (papery pods). The reproductive success was correlated to trunk diameter in E. suaveolens and crown dominance in D. benthamianus. Contrary to D. benthamianus, E. suaveolens underwent significant assortative mating, increasing further the already high inbreeding of its juveniles due to selfing, which seems offset by strong inbreeding depression. To achieve sustainable exploitation, seed and pollen dispersal distances did not appear limiting, but the natural regeneration of E. suaveolens might become insufficient if all trees above the minimum legal cutting diameter were exploited. This highlights the importance of assessing the diameter structure of reproductive trees for logged species.
Data from: Nest survival modeling using a multi-species approach in forests managed for timber and biofuel feedstock
1. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) intercropping is a novel forest management practice for biomass production intended to generate cellulosic feedstocks within intensively managed loblolly pine-dominated landscapes. These pine plantations are important for early-successional bird species, as short rotation times continually maintain early successional habitat. We tested the efficacy of using community models compared to individual surrogate species models in understanding influences on nest survival. We analysed nest data to test for differences in habitat use for 14 bird species in plots managed for switchgrass intercropping and controls within loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations in Mississippi, USA. 2. We adapted hierarchical models using hyper-parameters to incorporate information from both common and rare species to understand community-level nest survival. This approach incorporates rare species that are often discarded due to low sample sizes, but can inform community-level demographic parameter estimates. We illustrate use of this approach in generating both species-level and community-wide estimates of daily survival rates for songbird nests. We were able to include rare species with low sample size (minimum n = 5) to inform a hyper-prior, allowing us to estimate effects of covariates on daily survival at the community level, then compare this with a single-species approach using surrogate species. Using single species models, we were unable to generate estimates below a sample size of 21 nests per species. 3. Community model species-level survival and parameter estimates were similar to those generated by five single species models, with improved precision in community model parameters. 4. Covariates of nest placement indicated that switchgrass at the nest site (< 4 m) reduced daily nest survival, although intercropping at the forest stand level increased daily nest survival. 5. Synthesis and applications. Community models represent a viable method for estimating community nest survival rates and effects of covariates while incorporating limited data for rarely detected species. Intercropping switchgrass in loblolly pine plantations slightly increased daily nest survival at the research plot scale (0.1 km2), although at a local scale (50 m2) switchgrass negatively influenced nest survival. A likely explanation supported by previous research is intercropping shifted community composition, favouring species with greater disturbance tolerance.
Data from: Not seeing the grass for the trees: timber plantations and agriculture shrink tropical montane grassland by two-thirds over four decades in the Palani Hills, a Western Ghats Sky Island
Tropical montane habitats, grasslands, in particular, merit urgent conservation attention owing to the disproportionate levels of endemic biodiversity they harbour, the ecosystem services they provide, and the fact that they are among the most threatened habitats globally. The Shola Sky Islands in the Western Ghats host a matrix of native forest-grassland matrix that has been planted over the last century, with exotic timber plantations. The popular discourse on the landscape change is that mainly forests have been lost to the timber plantations and recent court directives are to restore Shola forest trees. In this study, we examine spatiotemporal patterns of landscape change over the last 40 years in the Palani Hills, a significant part of the montane habitat in the Western Ghats. Using satellite imagery and field surveys, we find that 66% of native grasslands and 31% of native forests have been lost over the last 40 years. Grasslands have gone from being the dominant, most contiguous land cover to one of the rarest and most fragmented. They have been replaced by timber plantations and, to a lesser extent, expanding agriculture. We find that the spatial pattern of grassland loss to plantations differs from the loss to agriculture, likely driven by the invasion of plantation species into grasslands. We identify remnant grasslands that should be prioritised for conservation and make specific recommendations for conservation and restoration of grasslands in light of current management policy in the Palani Hills, which favours large-scale removal of plantations and emphasises the restoration of native forests.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.