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72 results for “torrent frog”
The impact of parasitic infection on acoustic communication and mate choice in two torrent frogs with nonlinear vocalization
<p><span>For frogs with linear vocalization, Hamilton and Zuk's hypothesis indicated that parasites adversely affect male sex characters and </span><span>parasite infection can result in sexual signals that are less intense or conspicuous than in healthy individuals, which causes females to prefer unparasitized over parasitized males. </span><span>In order to investigate the effects of parasite infection on vocal characteristics and mate choice in frogs, which can emit nonlinear phenomena calls (NLP). The calls of the two species of torrent male frog, namely the concave-eared torrent frog </span><span>(<em>Odorrana</em> <em>tormota</em>)</span><span> and the large odorous frog </span><span>(<em>Odorrana</em> <em>graminea</em>), </span><span>were recorded, and several vocal parameters (calling duration, calling rate, average fundamental frequency, NLP duration and NLP content) and parasite intensity were analyzed in detail. The results revealed a negative relationship between calling rate and parasite intensity and a positive relationship between NLP content and parasite intensity. Furthermore, the effects of parasite intensity on amplectant showed that parasite intensity from amplexed pairs was higher than that of solo males in the vicinity of the amplexus. This might be because both male frogs with higher parasite intensity can emit calls with higher NLP content, and it has been shown that females have a preference for high NLP content. </span><span>This study confirms that parasites can influence the NLP content in both torrent frog' calls, which in turn affects the host' mate choice. The current study suggests effects of parasite infection on mate choice in host frogs might be influenced by vocal manner, which provides new insight into the parasite-host relationship.</span></p>
The impact of parasitic infection on acoustic communication and mate choice in two torrent frogs with nonlinear vocalization
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Data from: Males increase call frequency, not intensity, in response to noise, revealing no Lombard effect in the little torrent frog
Noise is one of the main factors that can influence the processes of sound communication across a wide range of animal groups. Although the effects of ambient noise on animal communication, including anthropogenic noise, have received increasing attention, few studies have examined changes in the fine structure of acoustic signals produced by vocalizing species in constantly noisy environments. Here, we used natural recordings to determine the associations between stream noise and call parameters in the little torrent frog (Amolops torrentis). We also used playbacks of stream noise recorded in natural habitats and playbacks of white noise to examine how male vocal signals change with increasing noise levels. The results show that noise intensity has a significant effect on male call frequency, but not on call amplitude or other call characteristics. Based on this evidence, we suggest that in streamside species stream noise drives males to alter call frequency and call as loudly as possible in order to improve discriminability. These findings provide insights into the role played by ecological selection in the evolution of noise‐dependent anuran vocal plasticity
Data from: Males increase call frequency, not intensity, in response to noise, revealing no Lombard effect in the little torrent frog
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FIGURE 3 in Description of two new species of torrent frog, Amolops Cope (Anura: Ranidae) from a degrading forest in the northeast Indian state of Nagaland
FIGURE 3. Amolops nidorbellus sp. nov. in life: A. dorsal view of holotype (ZSI A 10965), B-F Paratype (BNHS 5276) in life, B. dorsal view, C. ventral view, D. ventral view of hand, E. ventral view of foot, F. posterior thighs and vent showing extensive granulation.
FIGURE 5. Female concealing the cavity after oviposition. a in Novel reproductive mode in a torrent frog Micrixalus saxicola (Jerdon) from the Western Ghats, India
FIGURE 5. Female concealing the cavity after oviposition. a) Female with right and left hindlimbs placed horizontally on the cavity; b) Female moving right hindlimb on the sand and gravel nearby on to the cavity; c) Female moving left hindlimb and d) after the final concealment.
FIGURE 2 in Novel reproductive mode in a torrent frog Micrixalus saxicola (Jerdon) from the Western Ghats, India
FIGURE 2. Male-male interaction and foot flagging in Micrixalus saxicola. a) Two calling male individuals (at a distance of 15cm from each other). Pointers are showing the individuals; b) An individual foot flagging display and calling simultaneously; c) and d) Foot flagging display in combating males; e) and f) Kicking display of combating males.
FIGURE 4 in Novel reproductive mode in a torrent frog Micrixalus saxicola (Jerdon) from the Western Ghats, India
FIGURE 4. Oviposition in Micrixalus saxicola. a) Female keeping her hindlimbs inside the cavity. Pointer showing the gravid female; b) Female hindlimbs up to abdomen completely inside the cavity; c) Male departing from female after oviposition and d) female on the egg mass (arrow indicates unpigmented egg inside the cavity).
Figure 6 in A taxonomic study of Whitehead's torrent frog, Meristogenys whiteheadi, with descriptions of two new species (Amphibia: Ranidae)
Figure 6. Plots of tibia length (TL, in mm) against snout–vent length (SVL, in mm) of nine species of Meristogenys. Two lines indicate TL/SVL = 0.70 and 0.72. A, Meristogenys orphnocnemis. B, Meristogenys phaeomerus. C, Meristogenys jerboa. D, Meristogenys amoropalamus. E, Meristogenys poecilus. F, Meristogenys whiteheadi; •, Monggis; O, Wario;, Nalumad, Melangkap;, Kiau; ¥, Poring (crosses), and, Bario. G, Meristogenys stigmachilus sp. nov. from Mahua (•) and Trus Madi (O). H, Meristogenys stenocephalus sp. nov. from Mendolong (•), Kepipiyo (O), Kimanis (), and Melalap (¥). I, Meristogenys kinabaluensis.
Figure 5 in A taxonomic study of Whitehead's torrent frog, Meristogenys whiteheadi, with descriptions of two new species (Amphibia: Ranidae)
Figure 5. Comparisons of snout–vent length (SVL, in mm) of Meristogenys cf. whiteheadi. Hatched boxes (N ± 5) and closed circles (N <5) indicate males, whereas open boxes (N ± 5) and circles indicate (N <5) females. Crosses indicate juveniles. Horizontal bars, vertical bars, and boxes indicate the ranges, means, and 2SE of SVL, respectively. A vertical dotted line indicates SVL = 50 mm.
Figure 2 in A taxonomic study of Whitehead's torrent frog, Meristogenys whiteheadi, with descriptions of two new species (Amphibia: Ranidae)
Figure 2. Profiles of M. cf. whiteheadi. Patterns of upper lip were separated into five types: (A) pattern 1-a, several large black spots similar to those of lower lip; (B) pattern 1-b, irregular black blotches smaller than lower lip spots; (C) pattern 2, uniformly black; (D) pattern 3, uniformly grey; (E) pattern 4, uniformly white. Specimen vouchers: (A) BORNEENSIS 12560 from Mahua; (B) BORNEENSIS 12512 from Mahua; (C) BORNEENSIS 23302 from Wario; (D) BORNEENSIS 23340 from Wario; BORNEENSIS 12810 from Ulu Senagang.
Behavioral and neurogenomic responses to acoustic and visual sexual cues are correlated in female torrent frogs
GEO Series GSE122947. Amolops torrentis. 15 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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