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300 results for “troglomorphism”
Fig. 10 in Trichomycterus dali: a new highly troglomorphic catfish (Silurifomes: Trichomycteridae) from Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Central Brazil
Fig. 10. Pelvic girdle skeleton of Trichomycterus dali, MZUSP 109770, 72.5 mm SL, paratype. Ventral view. Abbreviations: ip, internal anterior process; ep, external anterior process; lp, lateral process; mp, medial process; pr, pelvic fin rays. Scale bar = 2 mm.
Fig. 7 in Trichomycterus dali: a new highly troglomorphic catfish (Silurifomes: Trichomycteridae) from Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Central Brazil
Fig. 7. Left hyoid arch of Trichomycterus dali, MZUSP 106631, 62.3 mm SL, paratype. Ventral view. Abbreviations: ac, anterior ceratohyal; br, branchiostegal rays; pc, posterior ceratohyal; ur, urohyal; vh, ventral hypohyal. Scale bar = 2 mm.
Fig. 1 in Trichomycterus dali: a new highly troglomorphic catfish (Silurifomes: Trichomycteridae) from Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Central Brazil
Fig. 1. Southwestern Mato Grosso do Sul state showing the principal river microbasins and area of the Bodoquena plateau (gray area). a: Morro do Jericó cave. b: Buraco das Abelhas and Saracura caves. 1: Miranda. 2: Aquidauana. 3: Bodoquena. 4: Dois Irmãos do Buriti. 5: Bonito. 6: Nioaque. 7: Jardim. 8: Porto Murtinho. 9: Bela Vista. Traced lines, limits of the river basins; continuous lines, major rivers.
Fig. 3 in Trichomycterus dali: a new highly troglomorphic catfish (Silurifomes: Trichomycteridae) from Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Central Brazil
Fig. 3. Trichomycterus dali, holotype, MZUSP 106630, 78.9 mm SL. Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Serra da Bodoquena karst area, rio Paraguai basin, Bonito, Saracura cave. Dorsal view of head.
Fig. 11 in Trichomycterus dali: a new highly troglomorphic catfish (Silurifomes: Trichomycteridae) from Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Central Brazil
Fig. 11. Caudal skeleton of Trichomycterus dali, MZUSP 106631, 62.4 mm SL, paratype. Left lateral view.Abbreviations: ns1-2, neural spines of preural centrum 1 and 2; hy1+2, complex plate formed by co-ossification of hypurals 1 and 2; hy3, hypural 3; hy4+5, complex plate formed by co-ossification of hypurals 4 and 5; la, lower apophysis of preural centrum 1; pc1+u1, complex centrum composed of preural centrum 1 and ural centrum 1; pc2, preural centrum 2; ph, parhypural, partially fused to hy1+2; un, uroneural; hs2, hemal spine of preural centrum 2. Scale bar = 2 mm.
Fig. 5 in Trichomycterus dali: a new highly troglomorphic catfish (Silurifomes: Trichomycteridae) from Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Central Brazil
Fig. 5. Neurocranium of Trichomycterus dali, MZUSP 106631, 62.4 mm SL, paratype. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: ap, autopalatine; ao, antorbital; cf, cranial fontanel; eo, epioccipital; fr, frontal; ip, infraorbital process; le, lateral ethmoid; me, mesethmoid; mx, maxilla; oc, parieto-supraoccipital; pm, premaxilla; psc, posttemporosupracleithrum; pt, pterotic; so, supraorbital tendon bone; sp, sphenotic-prooticpterosphenoid complex bone; wc, weberian complex and capsule. Scale bar = 2 mm.
Fig. 8 in Trichomycterus dali: a new highly troglomorphic catfish (Silurifomes: Trichomycteridae) from Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Central Brazil
Fig. 8. Branchial skeleton of Trichomycterus dali, MZUSP 109770, 72.5 mm SL, paratype. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: bb2-4, basibranchials 2 to 4; cb1-5, ceratobranchials 1 to 5; eb1-5, epibranchials 1 to 5; hb1-3, hypobranchials 1 to 3; pb3, pharyngobranchial 3; tp, tooth plate. Scale bar = 2 mm.
Fig. 12 in Trichomycterus dali: a new highly troglomorphic catfish (Silurifomes: Trichomycteridae) from Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Central Brazil
Fig. 12. Trichomycterus dali, adult, live specimen photographed in aquarium on May, 2011, unpreserved; Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Serra da Bodoquena karst area, rio Paraguai basin, Jardim, Buraco das Abelhas cave. Courtesy of Dante Fenolio.
Genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity drive troglomorphic character development in European cavefish
<p>The Aach cave loach (<em>Barbatula barbatula</em>), a recently discovered member of the Nemacheilidae family, offers a unique opportunity to understand the mechanisms underlying evolutionary change. In a common garden experiment, we reared groups of laboratory-bred cave, surface, and hybrid loach under different light conditions. Troglomorphic characters varied significantly among the fish, influenced to a different extent by parental origin and light conditions. Cavefish progeny consistently exhibited smaller eyes, lighter pigmentation, longer barbels, and larger olfactory epithelia than surface fish, while hybrids displayed intermediate characteristics. Surface and hybrid fish raised in complete darkness resembled the cavefish phenotype, while cavefish raised under a natural photoperiod approached the surface form. Characters associated with eye degeneration were found to be primarily heritable. Conversely, traits related to chemo- and mechano-reception were enhanced in the surface and hybrid groups reared in complete darkness, suggesting phenotypic plasticity. Our findings offer valuable insights into the interplay between genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity to troglomorphic adaption. This contributes to the broader understanding of the early stages of adaptation, where phenotypic plasticity, drift, and selection shape phenotypes. Relatively recently established cavefish, such as the Aach cave loach, are promising candidates for comparative research investigating evolutionary mechanisms.</p>
Figure 1 in Progressive troglomorphism of ambulatory and sensory appendages in three Mexican cave decapods
Figure 1. Map of the study area in Oaxaca, Mexico. The four sampling sites are shown.
Genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity drive troglomorphic character development in European cavefish
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
FIGURES 13‒17 in Spelaeobochica mahnerti, a new cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion from Brazil (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Bochicidae), with comments on the troglomorphism of the Brazilian bochicid species
FIGURES 13‒17. Type locality and habitat of Spelaeobochica mahnerti sp. n. 13, topographical map of Brazil, with Minas Gerais state highlighted, showing placement of the Bambuí Group (in blue); 14, topographical map of Minas Gerais state, with municipality of Monjolos indicated in red; 15, external landscape, showing region of the cave entrance (arrow); 16, map of Gruta Velha Nova, showing distribution of the specimens (red stars) observed during sampling; 17, inner portion of cave, the site where one of the specimens of S. mahnerti sp. n. was found (arrow).
FIGURES 5‒9 in Spelaeobochica mahnerti, a new cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion from Brazil (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Bochicidae), with comments on the troglomorphism of the Brazilian bochicid species
FIGURES 5‒9. Spelaeobochica mahnerti sp. n. 5, left chela of paratype, showing trichobothrial pattern, nodus ramosus, with some teeth amplified (holotype), antiaxial view, scale bar 1 mm; 6, distal marginal teeth of the fixed finger amplified, scale bar 0.1875 mm; 7, distal marginal teeth of the movable finger amplified, scale bar 0.1875 mm; 8, marginal and antiaxial accessory teeth at the proximal region of the fixed finger amplified, scale bar 0.1875 mm; 9, left palp, minus chela, of holotype, dorsal view, scale bar 1 mm.
FIGURE 18 in Spelaeobochica mahnerti, a new cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion from Brazil (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Bochicidae), with comments on the troglomorphism of the Brazilian bochicid species
FIGURE 18. Spelaeobochica mahnerti sp. n. and troglomorphisms in Spelaeobochica species. On the left, the male specimen (paratype) of S. mahnerti sp. n.; in the middle, a map of Brazil showing the different speleological units (red stars represent the locality of each species); on the right, from top to bottom, S. allodentatus, S. iuiu, S. goliath and S. muchmorei, respectively. Observe the increment in the degree of troglomorphism shown by Spelaeobochica species (greater appendage elongation) from northern to southern regions.
FIGURE 5 in On the use of troglomorphic characters in Namanereidinae (Annelida; Nereididae) systematics
FIGURE 5. Examples for troglomorphic and epigean characters. (A) Anterior region of stygobiont Namanereis araps showing elongation of cirri and absence of eyes. (B) Anterior region of epigean Namalycastis fauveli showing small cirri and welldeveloped eyes. (C) Parapodia of stygobiont Namanereis stocki with long dorsal cirri. (D) Parapodia of epigean Namanereis riojai with short dorsal cirri. (E) Bifid jaw usually related to stygobiont Namanereidinae, however the lines are taken from Namalycastis occulta jaws, a species with possible secondary epigean distribution (see Conde-Vela 2017). (F) Dentate jaw from epigean Namalycastis geayi. A: Redrawed from Glasby (1997); B–D and F: Redrawed from Glasby (1999); E: Redrawed from Conde-Vela (2013).
FIGURES 1–6 in The first troglomorphic species of the millipede genus Paracortina Wang & Zhang, 1993 from south Yunnan, China (Diplopoda: Callipodida: Paracortinidae)
FIGURES 1–6. Paracortina wangi sp. n.: 1—Head and anterior pleurotergites, lateral view; 2— head and collum, lateral view; 3—crosssection of a middle pleurotergite, posterior view; 4—one of the middle legs, posterior view; 5— telson, ventrocaudal view; 6—male 7th leg, posterior view. Abbreviations, see text.
FIGURES 7–11 in The first troglomorphic species of the millipede genus Paracortina Wang & Zhang, 1993 from south Yunnan, China (Diplopoda: Callipodida: Paracortinidae)
FIGURES 7–11. Paracortina wangi sp. n.: 7 – male gonopod, anterior view; 8 – same, mesal view; 9 – same, lateral view; 10 – same, posterior view; 11 – female cyphopods and second leg pair, anterior view. Abbreviations, see text.
FIGURE 1 in Trichomycterus santanderensis: A new species of troglomorphic catfish (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from Colombia
FIGURE 1. Approximate location of Trichomycterus santanderensis, Cave El Puente, Upper Lebrija River basin of the Santander Department, northeast Colombia.
FIGURE 2 in Trichomycterus santanderensis: A new species of troglomorphic catfish (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from Colombia
FIGURE 2. Trichomycterus santanderensis, holotype, CAC-CDMB 035, 100.7mm SL. Lateral view of the left side.
FIGURE 8 in Copelatus cessaima sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Copelatinae): first record of a troglomorphic diving beetle from Brazil
FIGURE 8. Copelatus cessaima, sp. nov.: female genitalia in ventral view, terminology and abbreviations following Miller (2001): alc—anterior lobe of gonocoxosternite (only left gonocoxosternite represented), bc—bursa copulatrix, co—common oviduct, fc—fertilization duct, gc—gonocoxa, gs—gonocoxosternite, lt—laterotergite, ra—ramus, sd—spermathecal duct, sp—spermatheca, va—vagina.
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