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70 results for “urban water”
Wealth, water and wildlife: landscape aridity intensifies the urban Luxury Effect - data used in meta-analysis
<p>The available Excel file contains all data used in the meta-analysis to analyse the Luxury Effect (i.e. the relationship between urban biodiversity and socioeconomic status) and its moderators (wealth status, species provenance and precipitation). Each column in the data set (tab ‘Data’) is defined as follows:</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: Location (e.g. city) where a given study took place. If more than one geographical location was considered, they are detailed in the column 'Sample'</p> <p><strong>Sample: </strong>Any separate samples based either on location or temporal sampling period (e.g. geographical location, habitat types, different years) considered in a given paper. If the column is blank, only one location or period was considered.</p> <p><strong>Biodiversity measure: </strong>Defined into either diversity or abundance measures as defined in the text.</p> <p><strong>Response variable: </strong>The precise response variable analysed in the paper.</p> <p><strong>Socioeconomic variable: </strong>The socioeconomic variable analysed in the paper.</p> <p><strong>Provenance: </strong>Native or exotic species, where specified. 'All' refers both to papers where it was explicitly stated that both native and exotic species were considered, and those where no information was given, but we assumed that native and exotic species had been considered.</p> <p><strong>Development status: </strong>Countries with developed economies ('Rich') and countries with developing economies 'Poor') as defined in the text.</p> <p><strong>Gradient length: </strong>Studies including only urbanized areas ('Short') and those also including rural sampling locations ('Long').</p> <p><strong>Precipitation: </strong>in mm.</p> <p><strong>Pearson's r: </strong>Standardized values used in the meta-analysis.</p> <p> </p> <p>Note the above information is also available in the Excel file in the ‘Notes’ tab. </p> <p> </p>
Urbanization mediates the effects of water quality and climate on a model aerial insectivorous bird
<p>Aerial insectivorous birds have experienced alarming population declines in eastern North America. Meanwhile, urbanization continues to increase rapidly, with urban land use comprising 69.4 million acres, or 3.6% of total land area, in the contiguous United States. Multiple environmental changes are associated with urbanization, including alterations to local climate, changes in habitat structure, and potential shifts in both terrestrial and emergent aquatic flying insects on which aerial insectivorous birds rely. Here, we investigated the linkages between urbanization, water quality, and Tree Swallow (<i>Tachycineta bicolor</i>) reproductive success and body condition at seven river-riparian sites representing urban and protected land use in Columbus, Ohio over five consecutive years (2014-2018). Tree Swallows at urban and protected sites relied on emergent aquatic insects for 37.4 and 30.8% (SD = 28.4 and 24.1%) of their nutritional subsidies, respectively. Despite the loss of environmental quality generally attributed to cities, Tree Swallows exhibited greater reproductive success in urban settings where climate was more amenable to egg and nestling survival, and the breeding season was longer. Urban-nesting Tree Swallows initiated laying 7.9 days earlier and fledged 35% more young per nest than those at protected sites. Multiple characteristics of urban sites appeared to drive these patterns, including differences in mean and extreme air temperatures and measures of water quality (e.g., water temperature, nutrient concentrations, turbidity). However, chronic effects of elevated Hg concentrations – which were 482% greater in adult swallow blood at urban sites than at protected sites where swallows exhibited a 17.4% lower trophic position – may disadvantage individuals in other ways. Further, although Tree Swallows are a good model aerial insectivore bird species, characteristics of urban landscapes that benefit Tree Swallows may not advantage other aerial insectivorous birds owing to differences in life-history and foraging strategies. These findings implicate urbanization, local climate, and water quality as important considerations in the conservation of aerial insectivorous birds.</p>
Urban rooftop-nesting Common Nighthawk chicks tolerate high temperatures by hyperthermia with relatively low rates of evaporative water loss
<p class="western"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Heat tolerance for many birds under climate and land use change scenarios could be compromised in the future. Common Nighthawks (</span><span><i>Chordeiles minor</i></span><span>) belong to the Caprimulgiformes, a generally heat-tolerant order, but few studies have assessed heat tolerance in Caprimulgiform chicks, which might be particularly susceptible to heat stress. In the Midwestern U.S., nighthawks primarily nest on flat graveled rooftops in urban areas, as natural nesting habitats are limited. Urban rooftop-nesting nighthawks are likely exposed to higher environmental temperatures than birds nesting at more thermally buffered natural sites and evaporative cooling might be impeded by the typically high summer humidity in their Midwest breeding range. This combination of heat and humidity might negatively impact heat tolerance of nighthawk chicks. We exposed </span>7 to 14 day-old <span>nighthawk chicks (n = 15) from rooftop nests to ambient temperatures up to 51</span>° C <span>at typical summer dew points. </span>Chicks initiated gular flutter at a mean air temperature of 42.4 ± 3.4 (SE) °C. <span>Evaporative water loss (EWL) rates increased significantly with increasing temperature above </span>44.0 ± 1.5 (SE) °C. Chicks showed little evidence of lower and upper bounds of the thermal neutral zone over the range of temperatures (30-44 °C) for which we measured oxygen consumption. Body mass loss was significantly positively correlated with temperature during heat exposure trials. Chicks tolerated ambient temperatures up to 51 °C and body temperatures up to 48 °C, which, along with the high temperatures at which gular flutter and high rates of EWL were initiated, suggest that nighthawk chicks are tolerant of high air temperatures, even with relatively high humidity. Given the high rates of mass loss and high body temperatures at hot air temperatures, chick heat tolerance mechanisms could be detrimental for rooftop-nesting nighthawks given projected increasing trends for both heat and humidity in the Midwestern U.S.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Figure 7 in An assessment of the urban water footprint and blue water scarcity: A case study for Van (Turkey)
Figure 7. Comparison WF and WF green of WF crop of the Van province with the Upper Tigris River Basin (Muratoglu, 2019), the worldwide blue average (Mekonnen and Hoekstra, 2011b) and the Turkish average (Mekonnen and Hoekstra, 2011a).
Urban rooftop-nesting Common Nighthawk chicks tolerate high temperatures by hyperthermia with relatively low rates of evaporative water loss
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Urbanization mediates the effects of water quality and climate on a model aerial insectivorous bird
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Figure 5. Per capita water footprint between 2004-2019 in An assessment of the urban water footprint and blue water scarcity: A case study for Van (Turkey)
Figure 5. Per capita water footprint between 2004-2019 in Van province.
Transferability of data-driven models to predict urban pluvial flood water depth in Berlin, Germany
<p>The attached files include the predictive features and the water depth from 2D hydrodynamic simulations that were used to train data driven models to predict water depth in Berlin.</p>
Data produced for "Water Scarcity Challenges across Urban Regions with Expanding Irrigation"
<p>This archive includes the data and codes to produced results for the paper- <strong>Transition from Rain-fed to Irrigation-fed Agriculture in Rural Areas to Exacerbate Urban Water Scarcity</strong>. It contains 3 archive files:</p> <p><strong>1. H08_inputs_org: </strong>All the input files required for the simulation of the global hydrological model, H08 (/H08/map/org). It has the following files (for both scenarios S1, and S2) -</p> <p>a) AQUASTAT- industrial and domestic water use</p> <p>b) C05- GDP information for the countries</p> <p>c) FAO2009_Slop- data on slope</p> <p>d) GMIA5_S1- global map for irrigated areas version 5 for scenario 1</p> <p>e) GMIA5_S2- global map for irrigated areas version 5 for scenario 2</p> <p>f) GRanD- Global Reservoir and Dam (GRanD) database</p> <p>g) GSWP2_Albedo- albedo data</p> <p>h) GSWP23_SoilType- soil type data</p> <p>i) IGRAC- groundwater use for domestic and industrial sector</p> <p>j) IIASA_SSP- socio economic pathways data</p> <p>k) K14- explicit aqueduct data</p> <p>l) M08- crop distribution data</p> <p>m) OneGeology- geology units offshore</p> <p>n) R08- cropland and pastureland data</p> <p>o) WFDEI- flow direction </p> <p>p) DS02- irrigation data</p> <p><strong>2. Codes:</strong> Jupyter notebook consisting of the python codes for post-processing, and a folder named <em>files_req </em>with the required files for the notebook. </p> <p><strong>3. Outputs: </strong>This includes 4 archives</p> <p>a) arcgis_outputs- post-processing model results' shapefiles and rasters; ArcMap documents of CAD difference; and other outputs</p> <p>b) CAD_S1_S2- Raster files of monthly CAD for scenarios S1 (named as S12) and S2; raster files of total water abstraction from renewable water sources; and raster files of total water demand. </p> <p>c) diff_cad_21- Raster files of difference in CAD (CAD_S2 - CAD_S1) for with and without considering environmental flow requirements.</p> <p>e) urban_results_excel- Excel files of CAD comparison in S1 and S2; excel file of monthly water demand and abstraction in S1 and S2. </p> <p> </p>
A multiplicity of perspectives on complex urban water systems transformation - a systematic review (supplemental data)
<p>This supplemental data contains all records (publication and reference materials) used in the systematic review of the literature (publication pending):</p> <p>1) Full list of publication records on urban water literature using the social-ecological systems and socio-technical systems framework extracted from the Web of Science and Scopus database (raw list).</p> <p>2) Selected list of corpus and sub-corpus literature from the original list after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria.</p> <p>3) Keywords mapping drawn from the reference list using the Vosviewer application.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.