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Рис. 1. Створки глохидиев Colletopterum piscinale: А – вид снаружи, оЗ. ШакШинское; B – вид иЗнутри, оЗ. Новомихайловское. МасШтабные линейки 50 мкм. Fig. 1. Valves of glochidia of Colletopterum piscinale: A – exterior view, Lake Shakshinskoye; B – interior view, Lake Novomikhailovskoye. Scale bars –50 µm. in Morphology of glochidia of the anodontine bivalves of the genus Colletopterum (Unionidae) inhabiting water basins of Khakasia Republic and Chitinskaya Territory
Рис. 1. Створки глохидиев Colletopterum piscinale: А – вид снаружи, оЗ. ШакШинское; B – вид иЗнутри, оЗ. Новомихайловское. МасШтабные линейки 50 мкм. Fig. 1. Valves of glochidia of Colletopterum piscinale: A – exterior view, Lake Shakshinskoye; B – interior view, Lake Novomikhailovskoye. Scale bars –50 µm.
Рис. 3. Микроскульптура наружной (А, B) и внутренней (C, D) поверхностей глохидиальных створок Colletopterum piscinale, оЗ. ШакШинское. МасШтабные линейки 2 мкм. Fig. 3. Microsculpture of the outer (А, B) and inner (C, D) surfaces of glochidial valves of Colletopterum piscinale, Lake Shakshinskoye. Scale bars – 2 µm. in Morphology of glochidia of the anodontine bivalves of the genus Colletopterum (Unionidae) inhabiting water basins of Khakasia Republic and Chitinskaya Territory
Рис. 3. Микроскульптура наружной (А, B) и внутренней (C, D) поверхностей глохидиальных створок Colletopterum piscinale, оЗ. ШакШинское. МасШтабные линейки 2 мкм. Fig. 3. Microsculpture of the outer (А, B) and inner (C, D) surfaces of glochidial valves of Colletopterum piscinale, Lake Shakshinskoye. Scale bars – 2 µm.
РИС. 7. НедостаточнаЯ промывка раковин глохидиев после очиЩениЯ в Щелочи (5% КОН). А, С. «Замыленность» пор наружной поверхности створок (Cristaria tuberculata, оЗ. Ханка, Приморский кр.). B. Остаток Щелочи, выпавШий кристаллами на поверхности личинки (Unio dembeae, р. Дуко, ЭфиопиЯ). D. Капли раствора Щелочи (укаЗаны стрелками) на поверхности Шипов крючка (Nodularia douglasiae, р. Гион, о-в Хонсю, ЯпониЯ). МасШтаб 5 мкм (А, С), 2 мкм (B, D). Микроскоп Zeiss MERLIN, напыление углеродом (А, В), хромом (С, D). FIG. 7. Insufficient rinsing of glochidia after cleaning in alkali (5% KOH). A, C. «Blurredness» of the exterior valve pores (Cristaria tuberculata, Khanka Lake, Primorsky Krai). B. Precipitation of alkali crystals on the exterior glochidia surface (Unio dembeae, Duko River, Ethiopia). D. Drops of alkali (indicated by arrows) on the hook spines (Nodularia douglasiae, Gion River, Honshu Island, Japan). Scale bars 5 μm (A, C), 2 μm (B, D). Zeiss MERLIN microscope, sputter coating with carbon (A, B) and chromium (C, D). in Методика подготовки раковин глохидиев (Bivalvia, Unionidae) длЯ работы на сканируюЩем Электронном микроскопе
РИС. 7. НедостаточнаЯ промывка раковин глохидиев после очиЩениЯ в Щелочи (5% КОН). А, С. «Замыленность» пор наружной поверхности створок (Cristaria tuberculata, оЗ. Ханка, Приморский кр.). B. Остаток Щелочи, выпавШий кристаллами на поверхности личинки (Unio dembeae, р. Дуко, ЭфиопиЯ). D. Капли раствора Щелочи (укаЗаны стрелками) на поверхности Шипов крючка (Nodularia douglasiae, р. Гион, о-в Хонсю, ЯпониЯ). МасШтаб 5 мкм (А, С), 2 мкм (B, D). Микроскоп Zeiss MERLIN, напыление углеродом (А, В), хромом (С, D). FIG. 7. Insufficient rinsing of glochidia after cleaning in alkali (5% KOH). A, C. «Blurredness» of the exterior valve pores (Cristaria tuberculata, Khanka Lake, Primorsky Krai). B. Precipitation of alkali crystals on the exterior glochidia surface (Unio dembeae, Duko River, Ethiopia). D. Drops of alkali (indicated by arrows) on the hook spines (Nodularia douglasiae, Gion River, Honshu Island, Japan). Scale bars 5 μm (A, C), 2 μm (B, D). Zeiss MERLIN microscope, sputter coating with carbon (A, B) and chromium (C, D).
РИС. 4. НаружнаЯ микроскульптура глохидиев при раЗных условиЯх очистки раковин (Inversiunio yanagawensis, р. Гион, о-в Хонсю, ЯпониЯ) в растворе Щелочи. А. НеповрежденнаЯ микроскульптура. B. ПоврежденнаЯ при передержке в растворе Щелочи. МасШтаб 2 мкм. Микроскопы Zeiss MERLIN (А), Zeiss EVO 40 (В), напыление хромом (А), Золотом (В). FIG. 4. Exterior valve microsculpture under different conditions of cleaning in alkali (Inversiunio yanagawensis, Gion River, Honshu Island, Japan). A. Undamaged microsculpture. B. Damaged microsculpture by excessive treatment in alkali. Scale bars 2 μm. Zeiss MERLIN (A) and Zeiss EVO 40 (B) microscopes, sputter coating with chromium (A) and gold (B). in Методика подготовки раковин глохидиев (Bivalvia, Unionidae) длЯ работы на сканируюЩем Электронном микроскопе
РИС. 4. НаружнаЯ микроскульптура глохидиев при раЗных условиЯх очистки раковин (Inversiunio yanagawensis, р. Гион, о-в Хонсю, ЯпониЯ) в растворе Щелочи. А. НеповрежденнаЯ микроскульптура. B. ПоврежденнаЯ при передержке в растворе Щелочи. МасШтаб 2 мкм. Микроскопы Zeiss MERLIN (А), Zeiss EVO 40 (В), напыление хромом (А), Золотом (В). FIG. 4. Exterior valve microsculpture under different conditions of cleaning in alkali (Inversiunio yanagawensis, Gion River, Honshu Island, Japan). A. Undamaged microsculpture. B. Damaged microsculpture by excessive treatment in alkali. Scale bars 2 μm. Zeiss MERLIN (A) and Zeiss EVO 40 (B) microscopes, sputter coating with chromium (A) and gold (B).
РИС. 8. Примеры проблем с иЗображением при работе на СЭМ. А, В. Засветка раЗличных частей раковин глохидиев (А. Anodonta anatina (=Colletopterum), оЗ. Красное, ХакасиЯ. В. Inversiunio reinianus, оЗ. Бива, о-в Хонсю, ЯпониЯ). C. РаЗнаЯ скорость сканированиЯ (слева – очень быстраЯ, справа – медленнаЯ) наружной поверхности глохидиЯ (Anodonta cygnea, р. Ялма, МосковскаЯ обл.). D. Артефакты в виде гориЗонтальных полос вследствие накоплениЯ отрицательного ЗарЯда при недостаточном напылении внутренней поверхности глохидиЯ (Nodularia douglasiae, ПетровскаЯ протока, бассейн р. Амур, Хабаровский кр.). МасШтаб 50 мкм (А, В), 2 мкм (С), 5 мкм (D). Микроскопы Zeiss EVO 40 (А, С, D), Zeiss MERLIN (В), напыление углеродом (А, С), хромом (В, D). FIG. 8. Illustration of different problems with SEM images. A, B. Overall illumination of some glochidia shells parts (A. Anodonta anatina (= Colletopterum), Krasnoe Lake, Khakassia. B. Inversiunio reinianus, Biwa Lake, Honshu Island, Japan). C. Different scanning speed (faster on the left and slower on the right) of the exterior glochidia valve (Anodonta cygnea, Yalma River, Moscow Oblast). D. Artifacts as horizontal stripes because of additional accumulation of a negative charge due to insufficient coating of the interior glochidia valve (Nodularia douglasiae, Petrovskaya channel, Amur River basin, Khabarovsk Krai). Scale bars 50 μm (A, B), 2 μm (C), 5 μm (D). Zeiss EVO 40 (A, C, D) and Zeiss MERLIN (B) microscopes, sputter coating with carbon (A, C) and chromium (B, D). in Методика подготовки раковин глохидиев (Bivalvia, Unionidae) длЯ работы на сканируюЩем Электронном микроскопе
РИС. 8. Примеры проблем с иЗображением при работе на СЭМ. А, В. Засветка раЗличных частей раковин глохидиев (А. Anodonta anatina (=Colletopterum), оЗ. Красное, ХакасиЯ. В. Inversiunio reinianus, оЗ. Бива, о-в Хонсю, ЯпониЯ). C. РаЗнаЯ скорость сканированиЯ (слева – очень быстраЯ, справа – медленнаЯ) наружной поверхности глохидиЯ (Anodonta cygnea, р. Ялма, МосковскаЯ обл.). D. Артефакты в виде гориЗонтальных полос вследствие накоплениЯ отрицательного ЗарЯда при недостаточном напылении внутренней поверхности глохидиЯ (Nodularia douglasiae, ПетровскаЯ протока, бассейн р. Амур, Хабаровский кр.). МасШтаб 50 мкм (А, В), 2 мкм (С), 5 мкм (D). Микроскопы Zeiss EVO 40 (А, С, D), Zeiss MERLIN (В), напыление углеродом (А, С), хромом (В, D). FIG. 8. Illustration of different problems with SEM images. A, B. Overall illumination of some glochidia shells parts (A. Anodonta anatina (= Colletopterum), Krasnoe Lake, Khakassia. B. Inversiunio reinianus, Biwa Lake, Honshu Island, Japan). C. Different scanning speed (faster on the left and slower on the right) of the exterior glochidia valve (Anodonta cygnea, Yalma River, Moscow Oblast). D. Artifacts as horizontal stripes because of additional accumulation of a negative charge due to insufficient coating of the interior glochidia valve (Nodularia douglasiae, Petrovskaya channel, Amur River basin, Khabarovsk Krai). Scale bars 50 μm (A, B), 2 μm (C), 5 μm (D). Zeiss EVO 40 (A, C, D) and Zeiss MERLIN (B) microscopes, sputter coating with carbon (A, C) and chromium (B, D).
РИС. 5. ЗагрЯЗнение готовых обраЗцов длЯ СЭМ при длительном хранении в негерметичных условиЯх (A–C) либо при хранении проШедШих процедуру мацерированиЯ беЗ последуюЩего обеЗЗараживаниЯ (D, E). A–С. Бактерии на поверхности глохидиев (Nodularia douglasiae, р. ИлистаЯ, бассейн оЗ. Ханка, Приморский кр.). А. ВнеШний вид глохидиЯ, основное ЗагрЯЗнение на створке в верхней части фото. В. Крючок глохидиЯ, основное ЗагрЯЗнение в левой части фото. С. Створка, вид иЗнутри. D. Единичные бактерии на створке глохидиЯ, вид иЗнутри (Kunashiria japonica, оЗ. Утиное, о-в Зелёный, Курильские о-ва). E. Гифы гриба на створке глохидиЯ, вид на наружную пору (Beringiana beringiana, оЗ. АЗабачье, Камчатка). МасШтаб 50 мкм (А, C), 10 мкм (В, D), 1 мкм (Е). Микроскопы Zeiss MERLIN (А, B, C, E), Zeiss EVO 40 (D), напыление хромом (А–С), Золотом (D), углеродом (Е). FIG. 5. Contamination of the SEM ready-made samples during long-term storage under unsealed conditions (A–C) or during storage the samples that have passed the maceration procedure without subsequent disinfection (D, E). A–C. Bacteria on the glochidia surface (Nodularia douglasiae, Ilistaya River, Khanka Lake basin, Primorsky Krai). A. Glochidium with the main pollution on the valve in the upper part of the photo. B. Hook with the main pollution on the left side of the photo. C. Interior valve. D. Bacteria on the interior valve (Kunashiria japonica, Utinoe Lake, Zeliony Island, Kuril Islands). E. Fungal hyphae on the pore of exterior valve (Beringiana beringiana, Azabachye Lake, Kamchatka). Scale bars 50 μm (A, C), 10 μm (B, D), 1 μm (E). Zeiss MERLIN (A, B, C, E) and Zeiss EVO 40 (D) microscopes, sputter coating with chromium (A–C), gold (D), and carbon (E). in Методика подготовки раковин глохидиев (Bivalvia, Unionidae) длЯ работы на сканируюЩем Электронном микроскопе
РИС. 5. ЗагрЯЗнение готовых обраЗцов длЯ СЭМ при длительном хранении в негерметичных условиЯх (A–C) либо при хранении проШедШих процедуру мацерированиЯ беЗ последуюЩего обеЗЗараживаниЯ (D, E). A–С. Бактерии на поверхности глохидиев (Nodularia douglasiae, р. ИлистаЯ, бассейн оЗ. Ханка, Приморский кр.). А. ВнеШний вид глохидиЯ, основное ЗагрЯЗнение на створке в верхней части фото. В. Крючок глохидиЯ, основное ЗагрЯЗнение в левой части фото. С. Створка, вид иЗнутри. D. Единичные бактерии на створке глохидиЯ, вид иЗнутри (Kunashiria japonica, оЗ. Утиное, о-в Зелёный, Курильские о-ва). E. Гифы гриба на створке глохидиЯ, вид на наружную пору (Beringiana beringiana, оЗ. АЗабачье, Камчатка). МасШтаб 50 мкм (А, C), 10 мкм (В, D), 1 мкм (Е). Микроскопы Zeiss MERLIN (А, B, C, E), Zeiss EVO 40 (D), напыление хромом (А–С), Золотом (D), углеродом (Е). FIG. 5. Contamination of the SEM ready-made samples during long-term storage under unsealed conditions (A–C) or during storage the samples that have passed the maceration procedure without subsequent disinfection (D, E). A–C. Bacteria on the glochidia surface (Nodularia douglasiae, Ilistaya River, Khanka Lake basin, Primorsky Krai). A. Glochidium with the main pollution on the valve in the upper part of the photo. B. Hook with the main pollution on the left side of the photo. C. Interior valve. D. Bacteria on the interior valve (Kunashiria japonica, Utinoe Lake, Zeliony Island, Kuril Islands). E. Fungal hyphae on the pore of exterior valve (Beringiana beringiana, Azabachye Lake, Kamchatka). Scale bars 50 μm (A, C), 10 μm (B, D), 1 μm (E). Zeiss MERLIN (A, B, C, E) and Zeiss EVO 40 (D) microscopes, sputter coating with chromium (A–C), gold (D), and carbon (E).
Software and data for: VGWatch: A low-cost stand-alone monitor to measure the valve gape of bivalves in the field
<p>Software and data abstract:</p> <p>This archive includes an Arduino script for utilizing the valve gape monitor outlined in the paper. Additionally, it provides an R script for calibrating the monitor and magnet. Finally, it contains valve gape data from three mussels, collected using the described monitor, along with a script for the analysis.</p> <p> </p> <p>Paper abstract:</p> <p>Valve gape monitors are utilised to measure the extent of bivalve’s shell openings. This measurement is correlated with their filter-feeding activity, and valve closure can serve as an indicator of various environmental stressors, including poor water quality, the presence of predators, and human disturbance. We developed an inexpensive, stand-alone, and reusable valve gape monitor; enabling collection of sufficient and independent spatial replication <em>in situ</em>. The monitor is made using Arduino hardware and software, and we share the design and code. We tested it in the field with three mussels as a proof of concept. The mussels were likely actively feeding most of the time. Two of the mussels were in close vicinity and demonstrated similar valve gape patterns. The monitor enables to measure valve gape in high resolution, providing insights into bivalve biology, ecosystem functioning, and the effects of environmental conditions, including anthropogenic stressors.</p>
Рис. 6. Ювенильные раковины Laternula elliptica: А1, А3 – левые створки, внешний вид, H×L=3.0×4.4 мм; А2 – вид со стороны дорсального краЯ на сдвоенные створки, обраЗуюЩие по Заднему краю ЗиЯние; А4 – Замок, соединЯюЩий фрагменты раЗрушенных створок (штриховка); Б1 – праваЯ створка, внешний вид, H×L=8.5×14.0 мм; Б2 – внутреннЯЯ поверхность правой створки. Фрагменты раковины вЗрослого моллюска (L=69.7 мм): В1 – вид со стороны дорсального краЯ; В2 – фрагмент правой створки, вид сбоку. ОбоЗначениЯ: ЗК – Задний край; дК – дорсальный край; сКп – складки периостракума; м – макушка; мщ – макушечнаЯ Щель; пр – продиссоконх; хр – хондрофор; ппЛ – поддерживаюЩаЯ пластинка; дпЛ – дополнительнаЯ пластинка; син – синус. Fig. 6. Juvenile shells of Laternula elliptica: A1, A3 – left valves, external view, H×L=3.0×4.4 mm; A2 – paired valves, dorsal view, showing gape through which the siphon project; A4 – hinge with chondrophore and buttress, internal view; Б1– right valve, external view, H×L=8.5×14.0 mm; Б2 – right valve, internal view. Adult shell (L=69.7 мм): B1 – fragment of right valve, dorsal view; B2 – fragment of right valve, lateral view on umbo. Notes: ЗК – posterior margin; дК – dorsal margin; сКп – periostracal wrinkles; м – umbo; мщ – umbonal crack; пр – prodissoconch; хр – chondrophore; ппЛ – buttress; дпЛ – additional supporting plate; син – sinus. in Species of warm-water origin Laternula elliptica (King, 1832) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Laternulidae), a widespread mollusk in recent Antarctica
Рис. 6. Ювенильные раковины Laternula elliptica: А1, А3 – левые створки, внешний вид, H×L=3.0×4.4 мм; А2 – вид со стороны дорсального краЯ на сдвоенные створки, обраЗуюЩие по Заднему краю ЗиЯние; А4 – Замок, соединЯюЩий фрагменты раЗрушенных створок (штриховка); Б1 – праваЯ створка, внешний вид, H×L=8.5×14.0 мм; Б2 – внутреннЯЯ поверхность правой створки. Фрагменты раковины вЗрослого моллюска (L=69.7 мм): В1 – вид со стороны дорсального краЯ; В2 – фрагмент правой створки, вид сбоку. ОбоЗначениЯ: ЗК – Задний край; дК – дорсальный край; сКп – складки периостракума; м – макушка; мщ – макушечнаЯ Щель; пр – продиссоконх; хр – хондрофор; ппЛ – поддерживаюЩаЯ пластинка; дпЛ – дополнительнаЯ пластинка; син – синус. Fig. 6. Juvenile shells of Laternula elliptica: A1, A3 – left valves, external view, H×L=3.0×4.4 mm; A2 – paired valves, dorsal view, showing gape through which the siphon project; A4 – hinge with chondrophore and buttress, internal view; Б1– right valve, external view, H×L=8.5×14.0 mm; Б2 – right valve, internal view. Adult shell (L=69.7 мм): B1 – fragment of right valve, dorsal view; B2 – fragment of right valve, lateral view on umbo. Notes: ЗК – posterior margin; дК – dorsal margin; сКп – periostracal wrinkles; м – umbo; мщ – umbonal crack; пр – prodissoconch; хр – chondrophore; ппЛ – buttress; дпЛ – additional supporting plate; син – sinus.
Рис. 7. Удельный вес ЭкЗемплЯров глицимериса (%, от обЩего числа раковин и створок) со следами периостракума на иЗученном участке. Fig. 7. Proportions of the Glycymeris yessoensis specimens with traces of periostracum (of the total number of shells and valves) on the beach studied. in Shell destruction of the bivalve mollusk Glycymeris yessoensis on a beach in Possjet Bay (the Sea of Japan)
Рис. 7. Удельный вес ЭкЗемплЯров глицимериса (%, от обЩего числа раковин и створок) со следами периостракума на иЗученном участке. Fig. 7. Proportions of the Glycymeris yessoensis specimens with traces of periostracum (of the total number of shells and valves) on the beach studied.
Рис. 6. Удельный вес ЭкЗемплЯров глицимериса (%, от обЩего числа раковин и створок) с механическими повреЖдениЯми на иЗученном участке. Fig. 6. Proportions of the Glycymeris yessoensis specimens with mechanical damage (of the total number of shells and valves) on the beach studied. in Shell destruction of the bivalve mollusk Glycymeris yessoensis on a beach in Possjet Bay (the Sea of Japan)
Рис. 6. Удельный вес ЭкЗемплЯров глицимериса (%, от обЩего числа раковин и створок) с механическими повреЖдениЯми на иЗученном участке. Fig. 6. Proportions of the Glycymeris yessoensis specimens with mechanical damage (of the total number of shells and valves) on the beach studied.
Figures 65–70. Mastogloia. Figs 65, 66. Mastogloia ovata exterior and interior valve faces. Fig. 67 in Marine benthic diatoms of Guam: new records, Dictyoneis apapae sp. nov., and updates to the checklist
Figures 65–70. Mastogloia. Figs 65, 66. Mastogloia ovata exterior and interior valve faces. Fig. 67. Mastogloia pseudolatecostata (Bikar Atoll, Marshall Is.), external valve face with part of valvocopula showing partecta. Figs. 68–70. Mastogloia cf. pisciculus. Fig.68. LM (DIC) with foci on valve face and partecta Arrows on this and next image point to longitudinal rib bisecting the inner zone. Fig. 69. External surface, SEM. Fig. 70. Internal valve face and partecta, also showing partly double row of areolae (arrow). Scale bars: Figs 67, 68 = 10 µm, Figs 65, 66, 69, 70 = 5 µm.
Rare Genomic Copy Number Variants Implicate New Candidate Genes for Bicuspid Aortic Valve
<p>Whole genome genotyping data in dbGAP format and copy number variant calls in dbVar format.</p> <p>dbVar data includes CNV calls from cases with early onset bicuspid aortic valve disease (EBAV), cases from the International BAV Consortium (BAVCon), and controls from the dbGAP Wisconsin Longitudinal Study on Aging dataset (WLS).</p> <p>dbGAP files are divided into 12 batches of genotypes from EBAV subjects (EBAV1-12):</p> <p>1) PLINK output files (.map and .ped)</p> <p>2) GenomeStudio Final Report files</p> <p>3) One master pedigree file</p> <p>4) dbGAP subject mapping files</p> <p> </p>
Figures 4–10 in New method of estimation of the relative area of perforations on valves of centric diatoms using SEM images on the example of Minidisus vodyanitskiyi Lyakh et Bedoshvili
Figures 4–10. Steps used to measure the relative area of perforations on valve SEM images. 4. The bounded ellipse is constructed using five points, and ellipse main diameters were determined. 5. Areola foramens (yellow and blue) and inorganic flakes (pink) were manually selected. 6–8. The real convex shape of areola foramens covered by filiform siliceous growth was restored using convex hull algorithm. 9. Average diameter and distance between cribral pores were measured. 10. Cribral pores were represented by hexagons and the number of those hexagons was estimated.
Figures 1–3 in New method of estimation of the relative area of perforations on valves of centric diatoms using SEM images on the example of Minidisus vodyanitskiyi Lyakh et Bedoshvili
Figures 1–3. Inner (1) and outer views (2–3) of the valves and frustules of M. vodyanitskiyi. In the top-right corner of (3) there is a zoomed part of a valve with siliceous growth on areolae ribs.
Instantaneous, three-dimensional velocity fields past a bio-prosthetic aortic valve measured in-vitro with tomographic particle image velocimetry.
<p>Each folder contains instantaneous, three-dimensional velocity vector data obtained in a simplified model of the aortic root with a distinct size and geometry (small, medium, large, and sinus-less). The specific geometry of each aortic root model is contained in the corresponding folder.</p> <p>The velocity data is structured in the following way: Two separate folders for velocity data in the "ascending aorta" domain (AAo) and in the "sinus of Valsalva" domain (SOV). Each domain contains velocity datasets for instances t=0.00, 0.03, 0.06, ..., 0.39 s (t000, t003, t006, ..., t039). Each velocity dataset contains N=16 phase-locked instantaneous 3D velocity fields.</p> <p>The data was acquired using tomographic particle image velocimetry and a custom built hydraulic setup capable of replicating normal physiological flow conditions in the human aorta (heart rate = 72 bpm, cardiac output = 4.8 l)</p> <p>Data format:</p> <p>- aortic root geometry: STL (the geometry is provided with respect to the reference frame of the velocity data)</p> <p>- velocity data: NPY (NumPy), shape= (N_nodes, 6), columns contain X, Y, Z, U, V, W data, where U, V, W are the X, Y, Z components of the instantaneous vector field</p>
Fig. 24 in Species groups in the genus Cubitermes (Isoptera: Termitidae) defined on the basis of enteric valve morphology
Fig. 24. Comparison of the most discriminating variables and indices between the soldiers of the various valve patterns: bt = bilobatus, bd = bilobatodes, mu = muneris, fu = fungifaber, fi = finitimus, sa = sankurensis, oc = oculatus, ob = oblectatus and su = sulcifrons. All the individuals studied are plotted in these graphs. A. The soldiers head length distinguishes a group (four patterns) of larger species from a group (five patterns) of smaller species. B. The soldier's cephalic elongation index shows two patterns with elongated heads. C. The soldier's gnatho-cephalic index shows two patterns with relatively short mandibles and one with long mandibles (the outlier point in the muneris pattern is due to C. falcifer). D. The soldier's valve bilaterality index distinguishes the oculatus valve pattern from almost all the other patterns.
Fig. 22 in Species groups in the genus Cubitermes (Isoptera: Termitidae) defined on the basis of enteric valve morphology
Fig. 22. Result of principal component analyses; each ellipse joins the samples from the same valve pattern: bd = bilobatodes, bt = bilobatus, fi = finitimus, fu = fungifaber, mu = muneris, ob = oblectatus, oc = oculatus, sa = sankurensis and su = sulcifrons. A. For the workers, based on all variables and indices of their morphology (excluding those concerning their valves) (n = 421); B. For the workers, based only on the variables and indices concerning their valves (n = 347), the "bd" label is partly hidden behind the "fi" label.
Fig. 23 in Species groups in the genus Cubitermes (Isoptera: Termitidae) defined on the basis of enteric valve morphology
Fig. 23. Comparison of the most discriminating variables and indices between the imagines of the various valve patterns: bt = bilobatus, bd = bilobatodes, mu = muneris, fu = fungifaber, fi = finitimus, sa = sankurensis, oc = oculatus, ob = oblectatus and su = sulcifrons. All the individuals studied are plotted in these graphs. A. The head width across the eyes shows a pattern with relatively low values and four patterns with high values but with high superimpositions. B. The imagines' compound eye bulging shows three patterns with low values in comparison with the other patterns but here also with some superimpositions. C. The imagines' compound eye prominence index shows five patterns with low values, two patterns with high values and two patterns crossing almost the entire range. D. The left apico-marginal index shows one pattern with low values and one pattern with high values.
Fig. 20. A in Species groups in the genus Cubitermes (Isoptera: Termitidae) defined on the basis of enteric valve morphology
Fig. 20. A. Enteric valve of the "sulcifrons valve pattern", from a worker of Cubitermes sulcifrons Wasmann, 1911: note the spearhead-shape of the secondary cushions; B. Idem from a soldier of C. sulcifrons; C. Idem from an imago of C. umbratus Williams, 1954, spatulae are sketched on each PC; A, B and C at the same scale; D. Geographical distribution of species with the sulcifrons valve pattern.
Fig. 19. A in Species groups in the genus Cubitermes (Isoptera: Termitidae) defined on the basis of enteric valve morphology
Fig. 19. A. Enteric valve of the "oblectatus valve pattern", from a worker of Cubitermes oblectatus Harris, 1958; B. idem from a soldier of C. oblectatus; C. Idem from an imago of C. sp., spatulae on PC3, PC4 and PC5 are sketched (arrows); A, B and C at the same scale; D. Geographical distribution of species with the oblectatus valve pattern.
ScienceDex guides
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.