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Figure 2 from: Poponessi S, Aleffi M, Sabovljević MS, Venanzoni R (2020) Bryophyte diversity hotspot: the Marmore Waterfalls Regional Park (Umbria, central Italy). Italian Botanist 10: 33-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.10.54885
Figure 2 Tufa morphologies Marmore waterfalls: A vertical slope seepage with Palustriella commutataB rock outcrops with tufa C banks Nera river D tuff steps (closed waterfall view) E complex tufa block F block of fossil tufa.
Data from: Local adaptation despite high gene flow in the waterfall-climbing Hawaiian goby, Sicyopterus stimpsoni.
Environmental heterogeneity can promote the emergence of locally adapted phenotypes among subpopulations of a species, whereas gene flow can result in phenotypic and genotypic homogenization. For organisms like amphidromous fishes that change habitats during their life history, the balance between selection and migration can shift through ontogeny, making the likelihood of local adaptation difficult to predict. In Hawaiian waterfall-climbing gobies, it has been hypothesized that larval mixing during oceanic dispersal counters local adaptation to contrasting topographic features of streams, like slope gradient, that can select for predator avoidance or climbing ability in juvenile recruits. To test this hypothesis, we used morphological traits and neutral genetic markers to compare phenotypic and genotypic distributions in recruiting juveniles and adult subpopulations of the waterfall-climbing amphidromous goby, Sicyopterus stimpsoni, from the islands of Hawai'i and Kaua'i. We found that body shape is significantly different between adult subpopulations from streams with contrasting slopes and that trait divergence in recruiting juveniles tracked stream topography more so than morphological measures of adult subpopulation differentiation. Although no evidence of population genetic differentiation was observed among adult subpopulations, we observed low but significant levels of spatially and temporally variable genetic differentiation among juvenile cohorts, which correlated with morphological divergence. Such a pattern of genetic differentiation is consistent with chaotic genetic patchiness arising from variable sources of recruits to different streams. Thus, at least in S. stimpsoni, the combination of variation in settlement cohorts in space and time coupled with strong postsettlement selection on juveniles as they migrate upstream to adult habitats provides the opportunity for morphological adaptation to local stream environments despite high gene flow.
FIGURE 7 in Namtokocoris Sites, a new genus of Naucoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in waterfalls of Indochina, with descriptions of six new species
FIGURE 7. Thac Kem in Nghe An Province, Vietnam, the type locality of Namtokocoris kem n.sp.
FIGURE 8. Pogonocaudina indica n in Waterfall-inhabiting Naucoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of southern India and Sri Lanka: Pogonocaudina Sites and Zettel, n. gen., and a review of Diaphorocoris with descriptions of two new species
FIGURE 8. Pogonocaudina indica n. sp., ventral aspect of posterior abdominal segments of female.
FIGURE 7. Pogonocaudina indica n in Waterfall-inhabiting Naucoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of southern India and Sri Lanka: Pogonocaudina Sites and Zettel, n. gen., and a review of Diaphorocoris with descriptions of two new species
FIGURE 7. Pogonocaudina indica n. sp., male genital capsule with aedeagus and parameres.
FIGURE 6 in Waterfall-inhabiting Naucoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of southern India and Sri Lanka: Pogonocaudina Sites and Zettel, n. gen., and a review of Diaphorocoris with descriptions of two new species
FIGURE 6. Live specimen of Pogonocaudina indica n. sp.
FIGURES 117–128 in Untangling the waterfall damsels: a review of the Mesoamerican genus Paraphlebia Selys in Hagen, 1861 (Odonata: Thaumatoneuridae) with descriptions of 11 new species
FIGURES 117–128. Paraphlebia spp. posterior lobe of prothorax dorsal view.
FIGURES 85–94 in Untangling the waterfall damsels: a review of the Mesoamerican genus Paraphlebia Selys in Hagen, 1861 (Odonata: Thaumatoneuridae) with descriptions of 11 new species
FIGURES 85–94. Paraphlebia spp. caudal appendages lateral view.
FIGURES 144–145 in Untangling the waterfall damsels: a review of the Mesoamerican genus Paraphlebia Selys in Hagen, 1861 (Odonata: Thaumatoneuridae) with descriptions of 11 new species
FIGURES 144–145. Paraphlebia spp. type labels.
FIGURES 44–51 in Untangling the waterfall damsels: a review of the Mesoamerican genus Paraphlebia Selys in Hagen, 1861 (Odonata: Thaumatoneuridae) with descriptions of 11 new species
FIGURES 44–51. Paraphlebia spp. left wings.
FIGURES 20–27 in Untangling the waterfall damsels: a review of the Mesoamerican genus Paraphlebia Selys in Hagen, 1861 (Odonata: Thaumatoneuridae) with descriptions of 11 new species
FIGURES 20–27. Paraphlebia spp. colour pattern of thorax.
FIGURES 2–11 in Untangling the waterfall damsels: a review of the Mesoamerican genus Paraphlebia Selys in Hagen, 1861 (Odonata: Thaumatoneuridae) with descriptions of 11 new species
FIGURES 2–11. Paraphlebia spp. colour pattern of head, frontal view.
FIGURES 150–151 in Untangling the waterfall damsels: a review of the Mesoamerican genus Paraphlebia Selys in Hagen, 1861 (Odonata: Thaumatoneuridae) with descriptions of 11 new species
FIGURES 150–151. Paraphlebia spp. collection sites.
FIGURES 148–149 in Untangling the waterfall damsels: a review of the Mesoamerican genus Paraphlebia Selys in Hagen, 1861 (Odonata: Thaumatoneuridae) with descriptions of 11 new species
FIGURES 148–149. Paraphlebia spp. collection sites.
FIGURES 129–137. Paraphlebia spp. S8–10 in Untangling the waterfall damsels: a review of the Mesoamerican genus Paraphlebia Selys in Hagen, 1861 (Odonata: Thaumatoneuridae) with descriptions of 11 new species
FIGURES 129–137. Paraphlebia spp. S8–10 lateral view.
Supplementary material 1 from: Venanzoni R, Bini E, Bricchi E, Angelini P (2019) Contribution to the knowledge of fungal diversity of the Marmore Waterfalls (Umbria, central Italy). Italian Botanist 7: 17-29. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.7.33308
: Data type: species data
Figure 4 from: Venanzoni R, Bini E, Bricchi E, Angelini P (2019) Contribution to the knowledge of fungal diversity of the Marmore Waterfalls (Umbria, central Italy). Italian Botanist 7: 17-29. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.7.33308
Figure 4 Distribution of macrofungal species per ecological-trophic group (Em, ectomycorrhizal; Pn, necrotrophic parasite; Pn(Sh), necrotrophic parasite or sometimes lignicolous saprotroph; Sc, coprophilous; Sc(St), coprophilous or maybe terrestrial saprotroph; Sh, lignicolous saprotroph; Sh(Pn), lignicolous saprotroph or sometimes necrotrophic parasite; Sh(Pn?), lignicolous saprotroph or maybe necrotrophic parasite; Sh(St), lignicolous saprotroph or sometimes terrestrial saprotroph; St, terrestrial saprotroph; St(Em?), terrestrial saprotroph or maybe ectomycorrhizal; St(Pb?); terrestrial saprotroph or maybe biotrophic parasite).
Figure 3 from: Venanzoni R, Bini E, Bricchi E, Angelini P (2019) Contribution to the knowledge of fungal diversity of the Marmore Waterfalls (Umbria, central Italy). Italian Botanist 7: 17-29. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.7.33308
Figure 3 Distribution of macrofungal species and genera per order of Basidiomycota: (i) blue columns indicate the number of genera; (ii) red columns indicate the number of species.
Figure 1 from: Venanzoni R, Bini E, Bricchi E, Angelini P (2019) Contribution to the knowledge of fungal diversity of the Marmore Waterfalls (Umbria, central Italy). Italian Botanist 7: 17-29. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.7.33308
Figure 1 (draft) Marmore Waterfall Site of Community Importance according to Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) IT IT5220017: the study area in green.
Figure 2 from: Venanzoni R, Bini E, Bricchi E, Angelini P (2019) Contribution to the knowledge of fungal diversity of the Marmore Waterfalls (Umbria, central Italy). Italian Botanist 7: 17-29. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.7.33308
Figure 2 Distribution of macrofungal species and genera per order of Ascomycota: (i) blue columns indicate the number of genera; (ii) red columns indicate the number of species.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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