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86 results for “waterfowl”
Lower adaptive immunity in invasive Egyptian geese compared to sympatric native waterfowls
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Data from: Estimating waterfowl breeding pair and brood densities using distance sampling with uncrewed aerial systems
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Community-science reveals delayed fall migration of waterfowl and spatiotemporal effects of a changing climate
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Data from: Migratory herbivorous waterfowl track multiple resource waves during spring migration
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Data from: Feeding ecology is the primary driver of beak shape diversification in waterfowl
The diversity of beak shapes among birds is often assumed to be largely the result of adaptations to different feeding behaviors and diets. However, this assumption has only been tested for a small subset of avian diversity, primarily within the order Passeriformes. Moreover, given the role of the beak in behaviors other than feeding and given that most previously identified beak-feeding associations concern beak size rather than shape, it remains unclear how much of beak shape diversity is explained by feeding ecology and what functional explanations account for these differences in shape. I quantified the association between beak shape and feeding ecology for 42 species in the bird order Anseriformes (waterfowl) using 3D curvature of the upper beak collected from museum specimens and continuous dietary data compiled from the literature. I also tested whether leverage or stress resistance of the beak explains the association between beak shape and feeding ecology. Diet is strongly and significantly correlated with beak shape in waterfowl. An ancestral beak shape reconstruction and the reconstructed diet of the anseriform fossil Presbyornis both support filter-feeding as ancestral for most waterfowl, followed by multiple, significantly convergent transitions from a duck-like beak toward a more goose-like beak. The evolution of a more goose-like beak is associated with increased consumption of leaves, decreased consumption of invertebrates, and an increase in mechanical advantage of the beak. Moreover, no association was identified between size (measured as either beak size or body mass) and feeding ecology nor between size and beak shape. These results demonstrate that feeding ecology has acted as the primary selective force in the diversification of waterfowl beak shapes, including the convergent originations of geese. Thus, rapid and convergent adaptation of the beak to feeding is not limited to passerines nor is it limited to size-correlated shape changes. The positive evolutionary correlation between mechanical advantage and herbivory shows that lever mechanics can explain the functional evolution of the kinetic upper beak in birds. These results also suggest that functions of the beak other than feeding may play a minor role in explaining overall beak shape diversity.
waterfowl and shorebirds in Pozm and Bahu bays
<p>This study was aimed to consider the abundance and biodiversity of waterfowl and shorebirds in the Pozm and Bahu bays located in Sistan and Baluchestan province from mid-January to mid-February during 2012-2016.</p>
Submerged aquatic vegetation, water quality (pH, salinity, and turbidity) and waterfowl abundance data from 1991-2017 in Back Bay, Virginia
<p><span>Back Bay, Virginia, has been documented as an important foraging area for waterfowl since at least the mid-1800s. Expansive submerged plant beds historically supported diverse assemblages of non-breeding waterfowl, however coastal development and other anthropogenic influences have since led to fluctuations in submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and an associated decline in waterfowl abundance in the bay. To gain insight into the effects of environmental drivers on waterfowl foraging guilds, our study explores the effects of SAV frequency and water quality on the abundance of dabbling ducks, diving ducks, and swans and geese in Back Bay. We use 8 years of SAV, water quality, and waterfowl monitoring data collected by state and federal agencies to model the effects of salinity, turbidity, pH, and percent frequency of SAV on the relative abundance of waterfowl by foraging guild in Back Bay. The appropriateness of the data and reasonability of the preliminary results were then evaluated through semi-structured interviews with 11 local informants representing state, federal, and non-governmental organizations. Quantitative results indicated that dabbling ducks are affected differently than other guilds by water quality and percent frequency of SAV. Thematic analysis of the interview data revealed a number of potential explanations for the model results, as well as highlighted areas of uncertainty in need of further research. In a test of face validity, participants demonstrated a significant degree of belief in turbidity, salinity, and SAV as drivers of waterfowl abundance, but were not convinced by the potential effects of pH as demonstrated by the model. This mixed methods study provides insights that could potentially influence the management and conservation of non-breeding waterfowl populations by challenging the assumption that particular environmental conditions serve all foraging groups equally.</span></p>
Data from: Changes in waterfowl migration phenologies in central North America: implications for future waterfowl conservation
<p>Globally, migration phenologies of numerous avian species have shifted over the past half-century. Despite North American waterfowl being well researched, published data on shifts in waterfowl migration phenologies remain scarce. Understanding shifts in waterfowl migration phenologies along with potential drivers is critical for guiding future conservation efforts. Therefore, we utilized historical (1955–2008) nonbreeding waterfowl survey data collected at 21 National Wildlife Refuges in the mid- to lower portion of the Central Flyway to summarize changes in spring and autumn migration phenology. We examined changes in the timing of peak abundance from survey data at monthly intervals for each refuge and species (or species group; n = 22) by year and site-specific temperature for spring (Jan–Mar) and autumn (Oct–Dec) migration periods. For spring (n = 187) and autumn (n = 194) data sets, 13% and 9% exhibited statistically significant changes in the timing of peak migration across years, respectively, while the corresponding numbers for increasing temperatures were 4% and 9%. During spring migration, ≥80% of significant changes in the timing of spring peak indicated advancements, while 67% of significant changes in autumn peak timing indicated delays both across years and with increasing temperatures. Four refuges showed a consistent pattern across species of advancing spring migration peaks over time. Advancements in spring peak across years became proportionally less common among species with increasing latitude, while delays in autumn peak with increasing temperature became proportionally more common. Our study represents the first comprehensive summary of changes in spring and autumn migration phenology for Central Flyway waterfowl and demonstrates significant phenological changes during the latter part of the twentieth century.</p>
davismj87/Waterfowl_MARSS: First release of Waterfowl MARSS data.
<p>Includes raw datafiles and code.</p>
Delayed dichromatism as a convenient tool to disentangle the effects of survival and productivity on the population dynamics in waterfowl
<p>Data and R codes necessary to replicate the analyses presented in the paper entitled "Delayed dichromatism as a convenient tool to disentangle the effects of survival and productivity on the population dynamics in waterfowl", submitted for review in Peer Community in Ecology.</p>
Data from: Effects of distance on detectability of Arctic waterfowl using double-observer sampling during helicopter surveys
Aerial survey is an important, widely employed approach for estimating free‐ranging wildlife over large or inaccessible study areas. We studied how a distance covariate influenced probability of double‐observer detections for birds counted during a helicopter survey in Canada's central Arctic. Two observers, one behind the other but visually obscured from each other, counted birds in an incompletely shared field of view to a distance of 200 m. Each observer assigned detections to one of five 40‐m distance bins, guided by semi‐transparent marks on aircraft windows. Detections were recorded with distance bin, taxonomic group, wing‐flapping behavior, and group size. We compared two general model‐based estimation approaches pertinent to sampling wildlife under such situations. One was based on double‐observer methods without distance information, that provide sampling analogous to that required for mark–recapture (MR) estimation of detection probability, urn:x-wiley:20457758:media:ece34824:ece34824-math-0001, and group abundance, urn:x-wiley:20457758:media:ece34824:ece34824-math-0002, along a fixed‐width strip transect. The other method incorporated double‐observer MR with a categorical distance covariate (MRD). A priori, we were concerned that estimators from MR models were compromised by heterogeneity in urn:x-wiley:20457758:media:ece34824:ece34824-math-0003 due to un‐modeled distance information; that is, more distant birds are less likely to be detected by both observers, with the predicted effect that urn:x-wiley:20457758:media:ece34824:ece34824-math-0004 would be biased high, and urn:x-wiley:20457758:media:ece34824:ece34824-math-0005 biased low. We found that, despite increased complexity, MRD models (ΔAICc range: 0–16) fit data far better than MR models (ΔAICc range: 204–258). However, contrary to expectation, the more naïve MR estimators of urn:x-wiley:20457758:media:ece34824:ece34824-math-0006 were biased low in all cases, but only by 2%–5% in most cases. We suspect that this apparently anomalous finding was the result of specific limitations to, and trade‐offs in, visibility by observers on the survey platform used. While MR models provided acceptable point estimates of group abundance, their far higher stranded errors (0%–40%) compared to MRD estimates would compromise ability to detect temporal or spatial differences in abundance. Given improved precision of MRD models relative to MR models, and the possibility of bias when using MR methods from other survey platforms, we recommend avian ecologists use MRD protocols and estimation procedures when surveying Arctic bird populations.
Supplementary data for Yeoman's et al. in review "Waterfowl eggshell refines palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and multi-species niche construction at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in the Levant"
<p>This upload contains MALDI-TOF mass spectra, averaged from replicates or as single-best spectrum, as .txt files. Data derive from archaeological eggshells samples for the paper "Waterfowl eggshell refines palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and multi-species niche construction at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in the Levant". </p> <p>Sample preparation:</p> <p>Eggshell was recovered from multiple contexts at Shubayqa 1 and Shubayqa 6 from flotation samples [screened with 1mm mesh]. A sample of 34 eggshell fragments were selected for preliminary analysis across seven excavation contexts. Samples were processed according to Demarchi et al., (2022). Briefly, 10-30 mg of sample were ground to a powder and treated with bleach (NaOCl 12-15% w/v) for 72 hours. Samples were washed thoroughly and demineralised in 0.6M hydrochloridric acid (HCl) prior to filtration with 3000 Da Nanosep micro-ultrafiltration cells. Sulfide bonds were reduced and alkylated using dithiothreitol (1M, aqueous solution) and iodoacetamide (0.5 M, aqueous solution) and the samples were digested in trypsin overnight at 37 °C. Following digestion, peptide digests were purified using C18 Zip-tips according to the manufacturer’s directions, prior to spotting. Samples were analysed in triplicate or duplicate by MALDI-MS (Bruker Microflex MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer).</p>
Data from: Feeding ecology is the primary driver of beak shape diversification in waterfowl
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Adaptive introgression of the beta-globin cluster in two Andean waterfowl
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Submerged aquatic vegetation, water quality (pH, salinity, and turbidity) and waterfowl abundance data from 1991-2017 in Back Bay, Virginia
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Data from: Changes in waterfowl migration phenologies in central North America: implications for future waterfowl conservation
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Data from: Evidence of phenotypic plasticity of penis morphology and delayed reproductive maturation in response to male competition in waterfowl
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Data from: Effects of distance on detectability of Arctic waterfowl using double-observer sampling during helicopter surveys
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Data from: Scaring waterfowl as a management tool: how much more do geese forage after disturbance?
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Experimental harvest regulations reveal that water availability during spring, not harvest, affects change in a waterfowl population
<p>Population change is regulated by vital rates that are influenced by environmental conditions, demographic stochasticity and increasingly, anthropogenic effects. Habitat destruction and climate change threaten the future of many wildlife populations, and there are additional concerns regarding the effects of harvest rates on demographic components of harvested organisms. Further, many population managers strictly manage harvest of wild organisms to mediate population trends of these populations. The goal of our study was to decouple harvest and environmental variability in a closely monitored population of wild ducks in North America, where we experimentally regulated harvest independently of environmental variation over a period of four years. We used nine years of capture-mark-recapture data to estimate breeding population size during the spring for a population of wood ducks in Nevada. We then assessed the effect of one environmental variable and harvest pressure on annual changes in the breeding population size. Climatic conditions influencing water availability were strongly positively related to population growth rates of wood ducks in our study system. In contrast, harvest regulations and harvest rates did not affect population growth rates. We suggest efforts to conserve waterfowl should focus on the effects of habitat loss in breeding areas and climate change, which will likely affect precipitation regimes in the future. We demonstrate the utility of capture-mark-recapture methods to estimate abundance of species which are difficult to survey and test the impacts of anthropogenic harvest and climate on populations. Finally, our results continue to add to the importance of experimentation in applied conservation biology, where we believe that continued experiments on non-threatened species will be critically important as researchers attempt to understand how to quantify and mitigate direct anthropogenic impacts in a changing world.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.