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389 results for “woodlands”
Multi‐marker DNA metabarcoding reveals spatial and sexual variation in the diet of a scarce woodland bird
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Eastern bettong (Bettongia gaimardi) reintroduced to Mulligan's Flat Woodland Sanctuary and Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve: DArT SNPs + individual information
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Herbivorous dietary selection shown by hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes) within mixed woodland habitats
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Data for: Hardwoods influence effect of climate and intraspecific competition on growth of woodland longleaf pine trees
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Vegetation structure and fuel dynamics in fire-prone, Mediterranean-type Banksia woodlands
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Severity outweighs pyrodiversity in shaping avian and bat species distributions following an oak woodland mega-fire
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Mammalian resilience to megafire in western U.S. woodland savannas
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Chalara: Ash Die-back Virtual Woodland Environment
<p>Chalara dieback of ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is a disease of ash trees caused by the fungus Chalara fraxinea. The disease causes leaf loss and crown dieback, usually leading to tree death. First found in the UK in February 2012, local spread is by wind and by movement of diseased plants over longer distances.</p> <p>Woodlands in Scotland are infected, the distribution of sites of which is reported by the Forestry Commission, and can be viewed on the interactive <a href="https://secure.fera.defra.gov.uk/chalaramap/">Chalara (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) infection map</a>. Background information on the disease, its origins, symptoms and precautions to reduce risks of spread are available from the Forestry Commission <a href="https://www.forestresearch.gov.uk/tools-and-resources/pest-and-disease-resources/ash-dieback-hymenoscyphus-fraxineus/">here</a>.</p> <p>The <a href="http://www.hutton.ac.uk">James Hutton Institute</a> has developed a Virtual Reality model to present information about the symptoms and different stages and spread of infection of Chalara ash dieback on woodlands. The model was designed to represent characteristics of the vegetation and topography of a site in north-west Scotland.</p> <p>Interactive functions have been included which enable the presentation of a narrative about the Chalara Ash Dieback threat to woodlands, including scenarios of spread of infection, symptoms of infection, the death of trees, and the regeneration of woodland. </p> <p>The model can be downloaded and used in a PC or virtual reality environment. Guidelines are provided, and links to the relevant software for its use. </p> <p><strong>Software: </strong>The software required to use the model in Virtual Reality is ‘BS Contact Stereo’. The free to use, demonstration version of the software package can be download from <a href="http://www.bitmanagement.com/en/products/interactive-3d-clients/bs-contact-stereo"><strong>here</strong></a>.</p> <p>The 3D model can be used through <a href="http://www.bitmanagement.com/en/products/interactive-3d-clients/bs-contact-stereo#:~:text=BS%20Contact%20Stereo,and%20up%20to%20CAVE%20solutions.">BS Contact Stereo</a> for a Virtual Reality headset (e.g. <a href="https://www.oculus.com/rift/?locale=en_GB">Oculus Rift</a>).</p> <p>[Note: Users may notice a ‘blue dot’ floating across the screen when they are exploring the Virtual Reality model. That has no effect or role in the model. It is a feature of the demonstration free-to-use package.]</p> <p><strong>Start model: </strong>To start the model, users should load and play the file: AshDieback_Main.wrl.</p> <p><strong>Navigation: </strong>Navigation of the 3D environment of the woodland can be by use of a keyboard or Xbox controller.</p> <p>More information about the model and disease are is available at: <a href="https://www.hutton.ac.uk/research/departments/information-and-computational-sciences/chalara-ash-die-back-virtual-woodland-environment">Chalara: Ash Die-back Virtual Woodland Environment</a>. </p> <p>Photographs can be accessed of the Virtual Reality model in use with an Oculus Rift headset, and in the <a href="https://www.hutton.ac.uk/learning/image-galleries/gallery-vlt-events-vltjohn-hope-gateway-rbge">Virtual Landscape Theatre</a>.</p>
Data from: Genetic analysis of Boletus edulis suggests that intra-specific competition may reduce local genetic diversity as a woodland ages
<p>Ectomycorrhizal fungi are key players in terrestrial ecosystems yet their mating systems and population dynamics remain poorly understood. We investigated the fine-scale relatedness structure and genetic diversity of Boletus edulis, one of the world's most commercially important wild mushrooms. Microsatellite genotyping of fruiting bodies from 14 different sites around Bielefeld in Germany revealed little in the way of population structure over a geographic scale of several kilometers. However, on a more local scale we found evidence for elevated relatedness as well as inbreeding. We also observed a significant negative association between the genetic diversity of fruit and the age of the trees under which they were sampled. Taken together, our results suggest that as genets mature, they compete and potentially create conditions under which further spores struggle to become established. By implication, even though this species is widely picked, propagules remain common enough to create strong competition when new habitats become available.</p>
Livestock and kangaroo grazing have little effect on biomass and fuel hazard in semi-arid woodlands
<ol> <li>Using livestock grazing as a tool to manage biomass and reduce fuel hazard has gained widespread popularity, but examples from across the globe demonstrate that it often yields mixed, context-dependent results. Grazing has potential to deliver practical solutions in systems where grazing reduces not only biomass but also reduces fuel hazard by altering vegetation connectivity or composition.</li> <li>We assessed the extent to which recent rainfall, rabbit and kangaroo grazing and recent and historic livestock grazing alters and accounts for variation in above-ground biomass, biomass composition and fuel hazard ratings across three broad communities in eastern Australia. We used nested linear models to assess biomass in three vertical vegetation strata, that matched the strata assessed in the Overall Fuel Hazard Assessment guide (i.e. litter/surface fuel; groundstorey vegetation/near surface fuel; and midstorey vegetation/elevated fuel) and Ordinal Logistic Regression to assess categorical fuel hazard ratings.</li> <li>Only recent kangaroo grazing reduced groundstorey biomass across all communities. Kangaroo grazing altered litter mass and significantly reduced surface fuel hazard in one community. Recent livestock grazing did not reduce fuel hazard, and despite significantly reducing half of our measures of biomass, these were not practical reductions. For instance, livestock grazing significantly reduced litter mass, however our model predicts that doubling our assessment of livestock grazing intensity only reduces total litter mass by 0.8 %, or 8 kg per hectare in landscapes where average litter loads ranged from 3,600 to 12,600 kg per hectare. Furthermore, long-term livestock grazing increased shrub biomass and in one community this increased elevated fuel hazard. There were few effects of rabbits. The effects of rainfall on biomass were up to an order of magnitude greater than any effects due to grazing.</li> <li> <i>Synthesis and applications:</i> Our data suggest that management practices that seek to use livestock grazing to reduce biomass in these systems will not achieve practical reductions in biomass and or fuel hazard.</li> </ol>
Multiscale drivers of carabid beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages in small European woodlands
<p><strong>Aim </strong>The spatiotemporal connectivity of forest patches in lowland agricultural landscapes and their age matter to explain current biodiversity patterns across regional as well as biogeographical extents, to the point that it exceeds the contribution of macroclimate for plant diversity in the understory of temperate forests. Whether this holds true for other taxonomic groups remains largely unknown. Yet, it has important consequences for ecosystem functioning and the delivery of ecosystem services. Focusing on carabid beetle assemblages, we assessed the relative importance of macroclimatic, landscape, and patch attributes on driving local species richness (-diversity) and species dissimilarity between patches (-diversity).</p> <p><strong>Location</strong> Deciduous forest patches in seven regions along a 2,100-km long latitudinal gradient across the European temperate forest biome, from southern France to central Sweden.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong> We sampled 221 forest patches in two 55-km landscape windows with contrasting management intensities. Carabid beetles were classified into four habitat-preference guilds: forest-specialist, forest-generalist, eurytopic, and open-habitat species. We quantified the multi-level environmental influence using mixed-effects models and variation partitioning analysis.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong> We found that both - and -diversity were primarily determined by macroclimate, acting as a large-scale ecological filter on carabid assemblages among regions. Forest-patch conditions, including biotic and abiotic heterogeneity as well as patch age (but not patch size), increased -diversity of forest species. Landscape management intensity weakly influenced -diversity of forest species, but increased the number of non-forest species in forest patches. Beta-diversity of non-forest species increased with patch heterogeneity and decreased with landscape management intensity.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong> Our results highlight the leading role of broad macroclimatic gradients over local and landscape factors in determining the composition of local carabid communities, thereby shedding light on macroecological patterns of arthropod assemblages. This study emphasizes the urgent need for preserving ancient forest patches embedded in agricultural landscapes, even the small and weakly connected ones.</p>
Lack of vulnerability segmentation among woody species in a diverse dry sclerophyll woodland community
1. Recent findings suggest that tree mortality and post-drought recovery of gas exchange can be predicted from loss of function within the water transport system. Understanding the susceptibility of plants to hydraulic damage requires knowledge about the vulnerability of different plant organs to stress-induced hydraulic dysfunction. This is particularly important in the context of vulnerability segmentation between plant tissues which is believed to protect more energetically "costly" tissues, such as woody stems, by sacrificing "cheaper" leaves early under drought conditions. 2. Differences in vulnerability segmentation between co-occurring plant species could explain divergent behaviours during drought, yet there are few studies considering how this characteristic may vary within a plant community. Here we investigated community-wide vulnerability segmentation by comparing leaf/shoot and stem vulnerability in all coexistent dominant canopy and understory woody species in a diverse dry sclerophyll woodland community, including multiple angiosperms and one gymnosperm. 3. Previously published terminal leaf/shoot vulnerability to loss of water transport capacity was compared with stem xylem vulnerability to embolism measured on the same species at the same site. We calculated hydraulic safety margins for stems to determine variation in the risk of hydraulic failure during drought among species. 4. The xylem of all species was found to be highly resistant to hydraulic dysfunction, with only two of the eight species exhibiting significantly different vulnerability to the overall mean. No evidence of vulnerability segmentation between shoots/leaves and stems was found in seven of the eight species. 5. Phylogenetically diverse canopy and understory species in this evergreen sclerophyll woodland appear to have evolved similar strategies of drought resistance, including low xylem vulnerability to embolism and general lack of vulnerability segmentation. This convergence in hydraulic safety indicates a lack of hydraulic niche partitioning in this woodland community.
Over 80 years without major disturbance, late successional Białowieża woodlands exhibit complex dynamism, with coherent compositional shifts towards true old‐growth conditions
<p>1. Controversies about successional dynamics of woodland communities have a long history, dating back to the classical debates between Clements and Gleason and continuing into the present. These debates have largely concerned the predictability or convergence of forest developmental trends as well as the relative importance of different mechanisms and forces driving forest succession. However, opportunities for rigorous testing of competing hypotheses are limited, mainly because plot-based studies of forest vegetation spanning more than a decade are scarce and even fewer concern late-successional stands.</p> <p>2. We exploit a unique long-term data set from mesic temperate forests of eastern Poland, spanning ca. 80 years (1936-2012) in strictly protected, late-successional woodlands assigned to seven different 'structural types'. We use non-metric multidimensional scaling to assess stability of species composition over the study period. We examine predictability of composition and change trajectories over time using Mantel statistics, and we examine changes in distributions of dissimilarity indices to assess convergence or divergence at the examined time and spatial scales.</p> <p>3. Tree communities in Białowieża Forest have changed substantially over the last eight decades. Several species (aspen, birch, pine, oak, ash, maple and spruce) exhibited large decreases in density, while few other species (especially hornbeam and lime) have increased in importance across a wide range of initial compositional types. Forest types recognized in earlier periods have become much less distinguishable. Metrics do not yet show clear successional convergence, mainly due to a) declines in the previously broadly distributed spruce and b) persistence of large individuals of intermediate, long-lived species (even though these species lack significant regeneration).</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Late-successional woodland communities of Białowieża Forest are clearly dynamic and do not show quasi-equilibrial properties often assumed of old-growth forests. Forest types previously recognized as distinct have become progressively less differentiated. Plausible explanations invoke alteration in competitive relationships due to complex changes in environment, including climate, N deposition, natural and human disturbance, and ungulate herbivory over 70 years. Hornbeam and lime have been favored over spruce, pine, oak and birch, although the resulting successional convergence is far from complete at this time. In the absence of major disturbance, we expect future decades to show continued and successional homogenization.</p>
FR080, Late Woodland, Madison Point
Madison Point Late Woodland Catalog #: P661 Uploaded by Gwyneth Harris Suggested Data Citation: Thompson, Christine, Erin Powers, Gwyneth Harris, and Kevin C. Nolan, 2021. FRHS_FR080, 3D Model .ply file. Digital Exhibit of Fort Recovery Historical Society's Precontact Collection, Fort Recovery Historical Society and Applied Anthropology Laboratories, Ball State University. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FR072, Middle Woodland, Snyders point
Snyders Point Middle Woodland Catalog #: P640 Uploaded by Gwyneth Harris Suggested Data Citation: Thompson, Christine, Erin Powers, Gwyneth Harris, and Kevin C. Nolan, 2021. FRHS_FR072, 3D Model .ply file. Digital Exhibit of Fort Recovery Historical Society's Precontact Collection, Fort Recovery Historical Society and Applied Anthropology Laboratories, Ball State University. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FR077, Middle Woodland, Snyders point
Snyders Point Middle Woodland Catalog #: P650 Uploaded by Carson Wright Suggested Data Citation: Thompson, Christine, Erin Powers, Carson Wright, and Kevin C. Nolan, 2021. FRHS_FR077, 3D Model .ply file. Digital Exhibit of Fort Recovery Historical Society's Precontact Collection, Fort Recovery Historical Society and Applied Anthropology Laboratories, Ball State University. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FR046, Middle Woodland, reel shaped gorget
Reel shaped Gorget Middle Woodland Catalog #: P654 Uploaded by Carson Wright Suggested Data Citation: Thompson, Christine, Erin Powers, Carson Wright, and Kevin C. Nolan, 2021. FRHS_FR046, 3D Model .ply file. Digital Exhibit of Fort Recovery Historical Society's Precontact Collection, Fort Recovery Historical Society and Applied Anthropology Laboratories, Ball State University. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
GeoLocator Data Package: South African Woodland Kingfisher
<p>This repository contains the raw data and the trajectory information generated with the GeoPressureR workflow, following the <a href="https://raphaelnussbaumer.com/GeoLocator-DP/">GeoLocator Data Package standard</a>. The more complete code used to generate this datapackage can be found on the Github Repository <a href="https://github.com/Rafnuss/WoodlandKingfisher">Rafnuss/WoodlandKingfisher</a>. </p> <p>It contains 5 tags equipped on Woodland Kingfisher in Mogalakwena, Limpopo, South Africa between 2017-2020.</p> <p> </p>
Data for: Horizontal viewsheds of large herbivores as a function of woodland structure
<p>This dataset contains values of tree stem density per hectare of different size classes (Sapling: > 0.3m, < 1.3m height, Small stem: >=1.3m height, < 10cm DBH, Medium stem: 10-20cm DBH, Large: 21-30cm DBH, Very large: >=31cm DBH), Viewshed Coefficient values (vc), Leaf Area Index (LAI) values for 0.75 - 1.5m above the ground and average percentage cover of bramble (<em>Rubus frutocisus agg.</em>). These data have come from 71 circular 15m-radius sampling plots (four-character codes in plotID column across ten woodland sites (three-character codes in site column). </p> <p>The "raw_data" tab contains the untransformed, unscaled raw data. The "transformed_scaled_data" tab contains the transformed, scaled data that were used in the modelling approach in the associated manuscript.</p>
Body-size dependent effects of landscape-level resource energetics on pollinator abundance in woodland remnants
<p><span>Land use change reduces floral resource availability, thereby driving declines in important pollinators. However, the severity of land use impact varies by species, influenced by factors such as dispersal ability and resource specialization, both of which can correlate with body size. Here we test whether floral resource availability in the surrounding landscape (the 'matrix') influences bee species' abundance in isolated remnant woodlands, and whether this effect varies with body size. We sampled quantitative flower-visitation networks within woodland remnants and quantified floral energy resources (calories) available to each bee species both within woodland and the matrix. Bee abundance in woodland increased with floral energy resources in the surrounding matrix, with strongest effects on larger-bodied species. Our findings suggest important but size-dependent effects of declining matrix floral resources on the persistence of bees in remnant woodlands, highlighting the need to incorporate landscape-level floral resources in conservation planning for pollinators in threatened natural habitats. </span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.