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Figure 7 in Linking morphology and molecules: integrative taxonomy of spathidiids (Protista: Ciliophora: Litostomatea) from Korea

Figure 7. Spathidium papilliferum after protargol impregnation, Ssanggyesa temple population. (a, b) Right side view of representative individuals; (c) nuclear apparatus in mid-body; (d, e) developing and mature cytoplasmic extrusomes; (f) dorsolateral view showing three-rowed dorsal brush and oral bulge papillae studded with extrusomes; (g, h) right and left side views of ciliary pattern in anterior body portion; (i) detail of anterior body portion showing oral bulge papillae with extrusomes. CV, contractile vacuole; CK, circumoral kinety; DB, dorsal brush; EX, extrusomes; MA, macronuclear nodules/macronucleus; MI, micronuclei/micronucleus; SK, somatic kinety/somatic kineties; triangles in (a, b, h, i) denote oral bulge papillae. Scale bars: a, b = 100 µm; c–i = 10 µm.

Figure 15 in Linking morphology and molecules: integrative taxonomy of spathidiids (Protista: Ciliophora: Litostomatea) from Korea

Figure 15. Apobryophyllum schmidingeri after protargol impregnation. (a–d, f) Left side views showing variability of body shape and size as well as of nuclear apparatus; (e, i, j) details of nuclear apparatus; (g, h) left and right side views of ciliary pattern in anterior body portion. CK, circumoral kinety; DB, dorsal brush; EX, extrusomes; MA, macronuclear nodules/macronucleus; MI, micronuclei/ micronucleus, SK, somatic kinety/somatic kineties. Scale bars: a–d = 100 µm; e = 5 µm; f–j = 10 µm.

Figure 1 in Linking morphology and molecules: integrative taxonomy of spathidiids (Protista: Ciliophora: Litostomatea) from Korea

Figure 1. Enchelys megaspinata sp. nov. from life (a–d, l) and after protargol impregnation (e–k). (a) Right side view of a representative individual; (b) resting cyst, 50 µm in diameter; (c) cortical granulation; (d) oral extrusomes, 9–12 µm long; (e) developing cytoplasmic extrusomes, 1–10 µm long; (f–h) variability of body shape and size as well as of nuclear apparatus; (i) nuclear apparatus in mid-body; (j, k) dorsal and ventral views of ciliary pattern in anterior body portion; (l) variability of body shape and size. CG, cortical granules; DB, dorsal brush; MA, macronuclear nodules/macronucleus; MI, micronuclei/micronucleus; OB, oral bulge; SK, somatic kinety/somatic kineties. Scale bars: a, f–h, l = 100 µm; b = 50 µm; j, k = 10 µm.

Figure 14 in Linking morphology and molecules: integrative taxonomy of spathidiids (Protista: Ciliophora: Litostomatea) from Korea

Figure 14. Apobryophyllum schmidingeri from life. (a–g) Left side views showing variability of body shape and size; (h) extrusomes attached to oral bulge; (i) detail of posterior body portion showing contractile vacuole (triangle) and extrusomes (arrow) attached to oral bulge; (j) extrusomes scattered throughout cytoplasm; (k) optical section showing macronuclear nodules and extrusomes; (l, m) left side views showing heteromorphic dorsal brush composed of short inflated bristles and ordinary somatic cilia (triangles); (n) left side view showing monokinetidal tail bristles (arrows) extending almost to posterior body end. CK, circumoral kinety; CV, contractile vacuole; DB, dorsal brush; EX, extrusomes; MA, macronuclear nodules/macronucleus; MT, monokinetidal tail bristles. Scale bars: a–g = 100 µm; h–n = 10 µm.

Figure 6 in Linking morphology and molecules: integrative taxonomy of spathidiids (Protista: Ciliophora: Litostomatea) from Korea

Figure 6. Spathidium papilliferum from life, Jungjok Mts. population (a–d) and Ssanggyesa temple population (e–j). (a, e) Right side view of representative individuals; (b, f–h) detail of anterior body portion showing oral bulge papillae (triangles) studded with extrusomes; (c) dorsal brush bristles; (d, i) extrusomes; (j) resting cyst. CV, contractile vacuole; DB, dorsal brush; EX, extrusomes; LD, lipid droplets. Scale bars: a, e = 100 µm; c = 5 µm; b, d, f–j = 10 µm.

Figure 2 in Linking morphology and molecules: integrative taxonomy of spathidiids (Protista: Ciliophora: Litostomatea) from Korea

Figure 2. Enchelys megaspinata sp. nov. from life (a, c–g) and after protargol impregnation (b, h–j). (a, b) Right side views showing general body organisation; (c) cortical granulation; (d) nuclear apparatus; (e) dorsal brush; (f) resting cyst; (g, j) details of anterior body portion showing oral extrusomes and pharyngeal basket; (h, i) dorsal and ventral views of ciliary pattern in anterior body portion. CV, contractile vacuole; DB, dorsal brush; EX, extrusomes; MA, macronuclear nodules/ macronucleus; MI, micronuclei/micronucleus; OB, oral bulge; PB, pharyngeal basket; SK, somatic kinety/somatic kineties. Scale bars: a, b = 100 µm; c–e = 5 µm; f = 50 µm; g–j = 10 µm.

Figure 3 in Track analysis and geographic distribution of some Lagenophrys Stein, 1852 (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Peritrichia) species

Figure 3. Individual tracks of Lagenophrys discoidea (a); L. orchestiae (b); L. eupagurus (c); L. cochinensis (d); L. crutchfieldi (e).

Figure 6 in Track analysis and geographic distribution of some Lagenophrys Stein, 1852 (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Peritrichia) species

Figure 6. Generalized tracks and nodes: Euroamerican generalized track (1); American generalized track (2); Caribbean generalized track (3); Tasmanian generalized track (4); South American generalized track (5). The nodes are indicated with 'x' enclosed by an open circle.

Figure 5 in Track analysis and geographic distribution of some Lagenophrys Stein, 1852 (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Peritrichia) species

Figure 5. Individual tracks of Lagenophrys maxillaris (a); L. nassa (b); L. labiata (c); L. matthesi (d); L. vaginicola (e); L. monolistrae (f).

Figure 1 in Track analysis and geographic distribution of some Lagenophrys Stein, 1852 (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Peritrichia) species

Figure 1. Individual tracks of Lagenophrys johnsoni (a); L. dennisi (b); L. patina (c); L. lenticula (d); L. anticthos (e); L. aegleae (f); L. callinectes (g).

Figure 4 in Track analysis and geographic distribution of some Lagenophrys Stein, 1852 (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Peritrichia) species

Figure 4. Individual tracks of Lagenophrys limnoria (a); L. aselli (b); L. leniusculus (c); L. platei (d); L. tattersalli (e); L. ampulla (f).

Figure 2 in Track analysis and geographic distribution of some Lagenophrys Stein, 1852 (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Peritrichia) species

Figure 2. Individual tracks of Lagenophrys awerinzewi (a); L. turneri (b); L. petila (c); L. engaei (d).

Figure 7 in Three marine haptorid ciliates from northern China: Paraspathidium apofuscum n. sp., Trachelotractus entzi (Kahl, 1927) Foissner, 1997 and Apotrachelotractus variabialis Long, Song and Warren, 2009 (Protozoa, Ciliophora)

Figure 7. Photomicrographs of Apotrachelotractus variabialis Long, Song and Warren, 2009 from live cells (A, E, F, J) and after protargol impregnation (B–D, G–I, K, L). (A) lateral view of a not fully-extended cell, arrowhead indicates the contractile vacuole; (B) to show the circumoral kinety (arrow); (C) arrowheads show the extrusomes in the cell trunk; (D) the contractile vacuole (arrow); (E) posterior end of a cell, arrow marks the contractile vacuole pore; (F) lateral view of a contracted cell; (G) to show the neck suture (arrowheads); (H) anterior end, arrow marks the brush kinety, arrowheads indicate dikinetid kineties; (I) to show the dikinetids in the anterior end of a cell; (J) a highly contracted cell, arrow marks the dark area in the anterior part; (K) pharyngeal basket (arrowhead) and extrusomes beside the cytostome (arrows); (L) the macronuclear nodules (arrowheads). Note: scale bars: 300 µm (A); 200 µm (F, J).

Figure 6 in Three marine haptorid ciliates from northern China: Paraspathidium apofuscum n. sp., Trachelotractus entzi (Kahl, 1927) Foissner, 1997 and Apotrachelotractus variabialis Long, Song and Warren, 2009 (Protozoa, Ciliophora)

Figure 6. Apotrachelotractus variabialis Long, Song and Warren, 2009 after protargol staining (A, B, D–I) and from live cells (C). (A, B) infraciliature, arrow marks the contractile vacuole pore; (C) fully-extended individuals; (D, E) to show extrusomes (arrowheads) and macronuclear nodules, double-arrowheads indicate nematodesmata, arrow marks the contractile vacuole pore; (F–I) structure of anterior parts, arrows indicate the circumoral kinety, arrowheads show the suture on the "neck". Notes: B, brush kinety; PB, pharyngeal basket; scale bars: 60 µm (A); 45 µm (D); 30 µm (F, H).

Figure 3 in Three marine haptorid ciliates from northern China: Paraspathidium apofuscum n. sp., Trachelotractus entzi (Kahl, 1927) Foissner, 1997 and Apotrachelotractus variabialis Long, Song and Warren, 2009 (Protozoa, Ciliophora)

Figure 3. Trachelotractus entzi (Kahl, 1927) Foissner, 1997 from live cells (A, B, F) and after silver nitrate (H) and protargol stainings (C–E, G, I, J). (A) a typical cell; (B) a not fullyextended cell; (C, I) infraciliature of anterior and posterior body portion, arrow marks the pore of contractile vacuole; (D) showing infraciliature in neck region, arrowheads mark the shortened somatic kineties; (E) showing pharyngeal basket (PB) and nematodesmata in neck region; (F) showing extended, contracted and half-extended cells (from right to left); (G) showing various extrusomes; (H) silverline system; (J) cytoplasm inclusions in trunk region. Notes: B, brush kineties; Ex, extrusome; FG, fat globules; Ma, macronuclear nodules; PB, pharyngeal basket; scale bars: 70 µm (A); 20 µm (G); 40 µm (J).

Figure 1. Paraspathidium apofuscum n in Three marine haptorid ciliates from northern China: Paraspathidium apofuscum n. sp., Trachelotractus entzi (Kahl, 1927) Foissner, 1997 and Apotrachelotractus variabialis Long, Song and Warren, 2009 (Protozoa, Ciliophora)

Figure 1. Paraspathidium apofuscum n. sp. from live cells (A, G), after protargol (B, D–F), silver nitrate (C), and silver carbonate stainings (H, I). (A) a typical cell; (B) apical view of oral apparatus, arrowheads show the dikinetids in the anterior parts of somatic kineties, arrows indicate the brush kineties; (C) silverline system; (D) extrusomes with different shapes; (E, F) the infraciliature, from the same specimen; (G) half extended cells, arrows indicate extrusomes in the oral area; (H, I) lateral views of the buccal apparatus, arrowheads indicate the circumoral kinety, arrows mark the brush kineties. Notes: BK, brush kineties; CK, circumoral kinety; scale bars: 50 µm (A).

Figure 4 in Three marine haptorid ciliates from northern China: Paraspathidium apofuscum n. sp., Trachelotractus entzi (Kahl, 1927) Foissner, 1997 and Apotrachelotractus variabialis Long, Song and Warren, 2009 (Protozoa, Ciliophora)

Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Trachelotractus entzi (Kahl, 1927) Foissner, 1997 from live cells (A–F). (A, D) half-extended cells; (B) anterior part of a cell; (C) a fully extended cell; (E) a highly winding cell, note the black "head" of the cell; (F) pellicle structure. Note: scale bars: 100 µm.

Figure 2. Paraspathidium apofuscum n in Three marine haptorid ciliates from northern China: Paraspathidium apofuscum n. sp., Trachelotractus entzi (Kahl, 1927) Foissner, 1997 and Apotrachelotractus variabialis Long, Song and Warren, 2009 (Protozoa, Ciliophora)

Figure 2. Paraspathidium apofuscum n. sp. from live cells (A, B, D, G, K–N) and after protargol (E, H–J), silver carbonate (C, F) and silver nitrate (O) impregnations. (A, D) lateral views of cells; (B, M, N) showing the contractile vacuole (arrows in M, N); (C, F) lateral view of the buccal apparatus, arrowheads indicate the dikinetids in the anterior part of somatic kineties, arrow marks the brush kineties; (E) apical view of buccal apparatus; (G) the anterior portion of the cell, arrow marks the extrusomes; (H) arrows mark extrusomes; (I) to show anterior part of somatic kineties (arrowheads) and extrusomes (arrow); (J) to show macronuclear nodule (Ma) and micronucleus (arrow); (K) a highly contracted cell; (L) arrow indicates the dorsal brush; (O) apical view of the oral apparatus. Notes: Ma, macronuclear nodule; scale bars: 50 µm (A, D, K).

Figure 8 in Three marine haptorid ciliates from northern China: Paraspathidium apofuscum n. sp., Trachelotractus entzi (Kahl, 1927) Foissner, 1997 and Apotrachelotractus variabialis Long, Song and Warren, 2009 (Protozoa, Ciliophora)

Figure 8. Trachelotractus entzi (Kahl, 1927) Foissner, 1997 (A–C) and Paraspathidium fuscum (Kahl, 1928) Fjeld, 1955 (D, E), from life (A, B, D) and after protargol impregnation (C, E). (A) lateral view, from Foissner (1997a); (B) a contracted cell, from Kahl (1927); (C) infraciliature of anterior part, from Foissner (1997a); (D, E) lateral view and infraciliature of anterior part, from Foissner (1997b). Note: scale bars: 200 µm (A); 90 µm (D).