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4,669 results for “Environment;”
Dataset and R script used in "Local knowledge reconstructs historical resource use" published in Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
<p>Data and R code used in: L. Castello, E.G. Martins, M. Sorice, E. Smith, M. Almeida, G.C.C. Bastos, L.G. Cardoso, M. Clauzet, A.P. Dopona, B. Ferreira, M. Haimovici, M. Jorge, J. Mendonça, A.O. Ávila-da-Silva, A.P.O. Roman, M. Ramires, L.M. Villwock, P.F.M. Lopes. (Year) Local knowledge reconstructs historical resource use. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment.</p>
Data from: A review of the glacial environment arthropod trace fossils Umfolozia and Warvichnium with the description of new ichnotaxa
<p><span>Trace fossils are important records of the presence and behaviour of animals in the past, especially in deposits where few body fossils are preserved. They tend to provide the main palaeobiological </span>record for past glacial environments and are thus very important for understanding the ecology of these palaeoenvironments. Two ichnogenera are common from past glacial environments: <em>Umfolozia</em> and <em>Warvichnium</em>. Both <em>Umfolozia</em> and <em>Warvichnium</em> are attributed to arthropods, and the former occurs across the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age (LPIA) and the latter occurs during both the LPIA and the Quaternary glacial event. Here, we review the stratigraphic record, ichnotaxonomy, palaeoecology, palaeoenvironments, and likely tracemakers of these two ichnogenera. In addition to assessing morphological ichnotaxobases, we use multivariate morphometric analysis and inferential statistical tests to support our ichnotaxonomic revisions. The diagnosis of <em>Umfolozia</em> is revised, with the description of a new ichnospecies, <em>Umfolozia</em> <em>terere</em> isp. nov., and the emendation of the previously named <em>Umfolozia</em> <em>riojana</em> (formerly <em>Umfolozia</em> <em>longula</em>) nom. rev. emend. We revised Warvichnium, maintaining the original <em>Warvichnium</em> <em>ulbrichi</em>, and allocating two morphologies to the ichnogenus <em>Irichnus</em>: <em>Irichnus</em> <em>saltatorius</em> and <em>I. paripinnatus</em> isp. nov. These trace fossils record several behaviours, and have implications for palaeoenvironmental interpretations and the evolution of invertebrate ecosystems. Using <em>Umfolozia</em> and <em>Warvichnium</em> as case studies, we demonstrate the application of morphometric analysis in ichnotaxonomy and highlight this as a tool that may be applied to other trace-fossil groups.</p>
Bees need larger brains to thrive in urban environments
<p>The rapid conversion of natural habitats to anthropogenic landscapes is threatening insect pollinators worldwide, raising concern on the negative consequences for their fundamental role as plant pollinators. However, not all pollinators are negatively affected by habitat conversion, as certain species find in anthropogenic landscapes appropriate resources to persist and proliferate. The reason why some species thrive in anthropogenic environments while most find them inhospitable remains poorly understood. The cognitive buffer hypothesis, widely supported in vertebrates but untested in insects, offers a potential explanation. This theory suggests that species with larger brains have enhanced behavioural plasticity, enabling them to confront and adapt to novel challenges. To investigate this hypothesis in insects, we measured brains for 89 bee species, and evaluated the association between brain size and habitat preferences. Our analyses revealed that bee species that prefer urban habitats had larger brains relative to their body size than those who prefer forested or agricultural habitats. Additionally, urban bees exhibited larger body sizes and, consequently, larger absolute brain sizes. Our results provide the first empirical support for the cognitive buffer hypothesis in invertebrates, suggesting that a large brain in bees could confer behavioural advantages to tolerate urban environments.</p>
Soil chemistry dataset from the work "Modelling and prediction of major soil chemical properties with Random Forest: machine learning as tool to understand soil-environment relationships in Antarctica"
<p>Bases sum, H+Al (potential acidity), pH, phosphorous, remaining P (P-rem), sodium and total organic carbon distribution in Antarctic soils modeled and predicted through Machine Learning approaches, legacy soil data and environmental covariates. The quantile and prediction interval data represent the spatial uncertainty of the predictions.</p> <p>As soon as the work "Modelling and prediction of major soil chemical properties with Random Forest: machine learning as tool to understand soil-environment relationships in Antarctica" is published, the paper will be cited here. </p> <p>The .zip file contains the following folders:</p> <p>1) soil_chemistry_antarctica: data containing the soil chemical attributes distribution</p> <p>2) soil_chemistry_prediction_interval: uncertainty from the prediction interval 90% (Q95% - Q5%) of the soil attributes prediction</p> <p>4) soil_texture_quantile05: quantile 5% of the soil attributes prediction</p> <p>5) soil_texture_quantile95: quantile 95% of the soil attributes prediction</p>
Effects of genotype and host environment on the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of Lysiphlebus parasitoids and aggression by aphid-tending ants
Parasitoids in the genus Lysiphlebus specialize on ant-tended aphids and have previously been reported to mimic the CHC profiles of their aphid hosts to avoid detection by ants. However, the precise mechanisms that mediate reduced ant aggression toward Lysiphlebus spp. are not known, nor is it clear whether such mechanisms are broadly effective or specialized to particular aphid hosts. Here we explore the effects of wasp genotype and host environment on Lysiphlebus cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles and ant aggression. Rearing asexual Lysiphlebus lines in different host aphid environments revealed effects of both wasp line and aphid host on wasp CHCs. However, variation in genotype and host affected different features of the CHC profile, with wasp genotype explaining most variation in linear and long-chain methyl alkanes, while aphid host environment primarily influenced short-chain methyl alkanes. Subsequent behavioral experiments revealed no effects of host environment on ant aggression, but stronger evidence for genotypic effects. The presence of genotypic variation in experienced ant aggression and relevant chemical traits is particularly relevant in light of recent evidence for genetic divergence among Lysiphlebus parasitoids collected from different aphid hosts.
Underlying data for: "Morphology as indicator of adaptive changes of model tissues in osmotically and chemically changing environments"
<p>For our publication "Morphology as indicator of adaptive changes of model tissues in osmotically and chemically changing environments" (at <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213635">DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213635)</a> we here provide the raw data for the included plots.</p> <p>Due to the aggregate size of the numerous microscopy images, those are provided on request.<br> Herein, we provide the data obtained by processing the microscopy images into cell nuclei positions, cell density profiles and morpological as well as topological parameters.</p>
Genetic variance in contrasting environments
<p>The evolutionary response of a trait to directional selection depends upon the level of additive genetic variance. It has been long argued that sustained selection will tend to deplete additive genetic variance as favoured alleles approach fixation. Non-additive genetic variance, due to interactions among alleles within and between loci, does not immediately contribute to an evolutionary response, although shifts in the allele frequencies within and between interacting loci may convert interaction variance into additive variance. Here we consider the possibility that an environmental shift may alter allelic interactions in ways that convert nonadditive into additive genetic variance. Specifically, we performed experiments that used a Bayesian implementation of the animal model to estimate the additive, dominance, and maternal components of variance for a pedigreed population of <em>Brassica rapa</em>. One experiment was performed in a field that mimicked agricultural conditions from which the base population was drawn, while the other was performed in the benign conditions of a greenhouse. Although the additive genetic variance was elevated in the greenhouse condition, no consistent pattens emerged that would indicate a conversion of dominance variance. The unusually low genetic variance and broad confidence intervals for the variance estimates obtained through this analysis preclude definitive interpretations. Thus, we promote further investigation to determine if between-environment changes in additive genetic variance can be traced to conversion of nonadditive variance.</p>
"It was recorded on Sunday, morning of the 28th of September as some of the slower runners of the Berlin Marathon made it past Torstrasse near my flat. Iwas out to buy some bread for breakfast, but Iusually bring a camera and my Edirol R-1 recorder whenever Igo out. Since Iwas freshly returned to Berlin Iguess Iwas sensitive to the more antiquated sounds which still survive there, like that of the organ grinder. Iam generally interested in how human beings are replacing the presence of Nature with an artificial environment made entirely by human hands (and thus far more understandable, it is hoped). In this new Human Nature, the sounds of Nature are also Human made. Iwrite about these things, but Ialso use the sounds in my videos and my interactive and generative media work, so generally Iam wandering around building up my archive of media documents for use as material in future works." [Baruch/ gottlieb]17 in Collecting Sounds. Online Sharing of Field Recordings as Cultural Practice
"It was recorded on Sunday, morning of the 28th of September as some of the slower runners of the Berlin Marathon made it past Torstrasse near my flat. Iwas out to buy some bread for breakfast, but Iusually bring a camera and my Edirol R-1 recorder whenever Igo out. Since Iwas freshly returned to Berlin Iguess Iwas sensitive to the more antiquated sounds which still survive there, like that of the organ grinder. Iam generally interested in how human beings are replacing the presence of Nature with an artificial environment made entirely by human hands (and thus far more understandable, it is hoped). In this new Human Nature, the sounds of Nature are also Human made. Iwrite about these things, but Ialso use the sounds in my videos and my interactive and generative media work, so generally Iam wandering around building up my archive of media documents for use as material in future works." [Baruch/ gottlieb]17
The raw microarray data and the differential expression analysis results from "Manipulating the growth environment through co-culture to enhance stress tolerance and viability of probiotic strains in the gastrointestinal tract".
<p>The signal data for each spot were subsequently quantified by using Feature Extraction software (Agilent Technologies).M1.txt to M5.txt: monoculture; C1.txt to C5.txt: co-culture; P1.txt to P5.txt: pH-controlled monoculture. The differential expression analysis results were obtained by using limma.</p>
A Study of Cognitive Adaptation Training in Inpatient Forensic Environments
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04294719. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 18.
Implementing social network analysis to understand the socio-ecology of wildlife co-occurrence and joint interactions with humans in anthropogenic environments
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Data From: Polygenic basis and the role of genome duplication in adaptation to similar selective environments
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Data from: Changes in Invertebrate Food Web Structure Between High- and Low-productivity Environments are Driven by Intermediate but Not Top Predator Diet Shifts
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Decision-making in dynamic, continuously evolving environments: Quantifying the flexibility of human choice
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Rodents show darker and redder coloration in warm and rainy environments
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Environment and phenology shape local adaptation in thermal performance
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Effects of genotype and host environment on the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of Lysiphlebus parasitoids and aggression by aphid-tending ants
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Data from: Are tree plantations promoting homogenization of mammal assemblages between regions with contrasting environments?
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Data from: Mating environments mediate the evolution of behavioral isolation during ecological speciation
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Enhancing pay quality: Development of a physical environment rating scale for children's folk games in chinese neighborhoods
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.