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FIGURE 3 in Development of microsatellite loci and population genetics of the catfish Pimelodus yuma (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)

FIGURE 3 | STRUCTURE results for Pimelodus yuma showing K= 2 genetic stocks in three sections (S4/5, S6 and S7/8) of the Cauca River.

FIGURE 3 in The most important fishery resource in the Amazon, the migratory catfish Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae), is composed by an unique and genetically diverse population in the Solimões-Amazonas River System

FIGURE 3 | Analysis of the BAPS 6.0 program showing three clusters (green, red, and blue) distributed between the five sampled locations of Brachyplatystoma vaillantii.

FIGURE 2 in The most important fishery resource in the Amazon, the migratory catfish Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae), is composed by an unique and genetically diverse population in the Solimões-Amazonas River System

FIGURE 2 | Network of Brachyplatystoma vaillantii haplotypes. The number shown within a circle identifies the number of specimens sharing those haplotypes; circles without numbers represent unique haplotypes. White circles represent hypothetical intermediate haplotypes. Each locality is represented by the same colors in Fig. 1: red – Tabatinga, orange – Tefé, green – Manaus, purple – Santarém and blue – Estuary.

FIGURE 1 in The most important fishery resource in the Amazon, the migratory catfish Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae), is composed by an unique and genetically diverse population in the Solimões-Amazonas River System

FIGURE 1 | Sampling sites for Brachyplatystoma vaillantii along the Solimões-Amazonas River axis. The localities were grouped in five fishing landing towns as follow: Red circles: Tabatinga (1 – Benjamin Constant, 2 – Tabatinga), Orange circles: Tefé (3 – Mucura Lake, 4 – Tefé, 5 – Vila Nova), Green circles: Manaus (6 – Manaus, 7 – Careiro da Várzea), Purple circles: Santarém (8 – Santarém, 9 – Tapará) and Blues circles: Estuary (10 – Almeirim, 11 – Gurupá, 12 – Breves, 13 – Belém, 14 – Salvaterra).

FIGURE 4 in The most important fishery resource in the Amazon, the migratory catfish Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae), is composed by an unique and genetically diverse population in the Solimões-Amazonas River System

FIGURE 4 | Analysis of the FASTBAPS program. Numbers are individual sequence of Brachyplatystoma vaillantii. Colors ranging from red for the lowest probabilities and clear yellow for the highest probabilities support for bootstrap.

FIGURE 2 in Population genetics of three threatened catfish species in heterogeneous environments of the Cauca River, Colombia

FIGURE 2 | Population structure suggested by STRUCTURE (A–C) and the Discriminant Analysis of the Principal Components (D–F) for Pimelodus grosskopfii (A, D), Sorubim cuspicaudus (B, E), and Ageneiosus pardalis (C, F).

FIGURE 1 in Population genetics of three threatened catfish species in heterogeneous environments of the Cauca River, Colombia

FIGURE 1 | Location of sampling sites of Pimelodus grosskopfii, Sorubim cuspicaudus, and Ageneiosus pardalis in the middle and lower sections of the Cauca River.

FIGURE 5 in Population level genetic divergence and phylogenetic placement of Mexican shortfin mollies (Mollienesia: Poecilia: Poeciliidae)

FIGURE 5 | Cytochrome b (1,140 bp) mitochondrial gene Bayesian phylogeny, parsimony haplotype network, and sampling distribution of Atlantic taxa Poecilia limantouri (Turqouise-North of the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt, forest green-South of the Trans Mexican Belt), P. sulphuraria/P. thermalis (yellow-South of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec), and P. mexicana (baby blue-North of the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt, light green-South of the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt, purple-North of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, orange-South of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec) across geographic barriers along the Atlantic coast of Mexico. The phylogeny has Bayesian posterior values followed by bootstrap values with asterisks representing support of 95% or above. The Parsimony network values correspond to the haplotype values and are colored according by geographic locations separated by barriers; circle sizes correspond to the number of individuals with that haplotype (larger circles reflect more individuals), and black circles indicate unsampled haplotypes. The capital letters at the end of each sample represents the state of origin in Mexico, from North to South: NVL = Nuevo Leon, T = Tamaulipas, V = Veracruz, H = Hidalgo, Tb = Tabasco, C = Chiapas.

FIGURE 3 in Population level genetic divergence and phylogenetic placement of Mexican shortfin mollies (Mollienesia: Poecilia: Poeciliidae)

FIGURE 3 | Cytochrome b (1,140 bp) mitochondrial gene Bayesian phylogeny, parsimony haplotype network, and sampling distribution of Poecilia sphenops (aqua-Atlantic North of the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt, pink- Balsas River Drainage, purple- Atlantic North of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, red- Pacific North of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, orange- Atlantic South of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, and yellow- Pacific South of the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt) across geographic barriers along the coasts of Mexico. The phylogeny has Bayesian posterior values followed by bootstrap values with asterisks representing support of 95% or above. The Parsimony network values correspond to the haplotype values and are colored according by geographic locations separated by barriers; circle sizes correspond to the number of individuals with that haplotype (larger circles reflect more individuals), and black circles indicate unsampled haplotypes. The capital letters at the end of each sample represents the state of origin in Mexico, from North to South: V = Veracruz, H = Hidalgo, M = Michoacan, G = Guerrero, O = Oaxaca, C = Chiapas.

FIGURE 4 in Population level genetic divergence and phylogenetic placement of Mexican shortfin mollies (Mollienesia: Poecilia: Poeciliidae)

FIGURE 4 | Cytochrome b (1,140 bp) mitochondrial gene Bayesian phylogeny, parsimony haplotype network, and sampling distribution of the Pacific sister taxa Poecilia butleri (blue-North of the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt) and P. nelsoni (lime green-South of the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt, pink- Balsas River Drainage, red- North of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, and yellow- South of the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt) across geographic barriers along the coast of Mexico. The phylogeny has Bayesian posterior values followed by bootstrap values with asterisks representing support of 95% or above. The Parsimony network values correspond to the haplotype values and are colored according by geographic locations separated by barriers; circle sizes correspond to the number of individuals with that haplotype (larger circles reflect more individuals), and black cirles indicate unsampled haplotypes. The capital letters at the end of each sample represents the state of origin in Mexico, from North to South: S = Sinaloa, N = Nayarit, J = Jalisco, Cl = Colima, M = Michoacan, G = Guerrero, O = Oaxaca, C = Chiapas.

FIGURE 1 in Population level genetic divergence and phylogenetic placement of Mexican shortfin mollies (Mollienesia: Poecilia: Poeciliidae)

FIGURE 1 | Sampling localities of species in the subgenus Mollienesia in Mexico and the main physiographic barriers throughout the country. The main physiographic barriers in Mexico from north to south are Northwestern Plains and Sierras, Sierra Madre Occidental, Sierra Madre Oriental, Gulf Coast Plain, Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt, Balsas Depression, Sierra Madre del Sur, Isthmus of Tehuantepec, and Sierra Madre de Chiapas.

FIGURE 2 in Population level genetic divergence and phylogenetic placement of Mexican shortfin mollies (Mollienesia: Poecilia: Poeciliidae)

FIGURE 2 | Bayesian tree from the MrBayes partitioned analysis of Poecilia spp. for two mitochondrial genes (Cyt b and ND2, 2187 base pairs) and one nuclear (RAG1, 1561 base pairs) rooted with other poeciliid outgroups. Species names in black pertain to species outside of Mexico and species names in red are species found within Mexico. Species labels represent slope: (A) = Atlantic, (P) = Pacific, and (B) = Bi-coastal. Nodal support shown (left to right; respectively): Bayesian Posterior Probabilities followed by RAxML bootstrap support values. Asterisks denote nodal support of 95% or above for the two methods, and a single asterisk at a node indicates support values of 95% or above for both methods. Nodes with no values present either had low values or were of little interest for this study. The capital letters at the end of each sample represents the state of origin in Mexico, from North to South: T = Tamaulipas, NVL = Nuevo León, V = Veracruz, H = Hidalgo, M = Michoacan, G = Guerrero, O = Oaxaca, Tb = Tabasco, C = Chiapas.

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Fig. 2 in Worldwide sampling reveals low genetic variability in populations of the freshwater ciliate Paramecium biaurelia (P. aurelia species complex, Ciliophora, Protozoa)

Fig. 2 Phylog_n_tic tr__ construct_d for Paramecium aurelia compl_x, P. jenningsi compl_x and P. schewiakoffi (two sp_ci_s: P. caudatum and P. multimicronucleatum w_r_ us_d as an outgroup). Th_ tr__ was construct_d on th_ basis of a comparison of s_qu_nc_s from th_ ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-5'LSU fragm_nt using th_ maximum lik_lihood m_thod. Bootstrap valu_s for n_ighbor joining, maximum parsimony, maximum lik_lihood, and post_rior probabiliti_s for

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Fig. 3 in Worldwide sampling reveals low genetic variability in populations of the freshwater ciliate Paramecium biaurelia (P. aurelia species complex, Ciliophora, Protozoa)

Fig. 3 Phylog_n_tic tr__ construct_d for Paramecium aurelia compl_x, P. jenningsi compl_x and P. schewiakoffi (two sp_ci_s: P. caudatum and P. multimicronucleatum w_r_ us_d as an outgroup). Th_ tr__ was construct_d on th_ basis of a comparison of s_qu_nc_s from th_ mitochondrial COI fragm_nt using th_ maximum lik_lihood m_thod. Bootstrap valu_s for n_ighbor joining, maximum parsimony, maximum lik_lihood, and post_rior probabiliti_s for Bay_sian inf_r_nc_ ar_

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Knodus (Characiformes: Characidae), with deep genetic divergence, from the Mearim and Munim river basins, Northeastern Brazil, and evidence for hidden diversity in adjacent river basins

FIGURE 1 | Knodus guajajara, holotype, CICCAA 4883, 31.4 mm SL, Alto Alegre do Pindaré municipality, Igarapé Arapapá, Pindaré River drainage, Mearim River basin.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Knodus (Characiformes: Characidae), with deep genetic divergence, from the Mearim and Munim river basins, Northeastern Brazil, and evidence for hidden diversity in adjacent river basins

FIGURE 4 | Knodus guajajara, CICCAA 4861, paratype, male, 31.9 mm SL Maranhão, Mearim River basin. A. Hooks on pelvic fin. B. Hooks on anal fin. (Photographed by F. P. Ottoni).

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Knodus (Characiformes: Characidae), with deep genetic divergence, from the Mearim and Munim river basins, Northeastern Brazil, and evidence for hidden diversity in adjacent river basins

FIGURE 2 | Knodus guajajara, paratypes. A. CICCAA 1518, 22.8 mm SL, Brazil, Maranhão, Alto Alegre do Pindaré municipality, igarapé Jenipapo, Pindaré River drainage, Mearim River basin. B. CICCAA 2696, 40.2 mm SL, Brazil, Maranhão, Chapadinha municipality, stream in riparian forest on the road BR–222, Munim River basin.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Knodus (Characiformes: Characidae), with deep genetic divergence, from the Mearim and Munim river basins, Northeastern Brazil, and evidence for hidden diversity in adjacent river basins

FIGURE 3 | Knodus guajajara, CICCAA 4861, paratype, 31.9 mm SL, jaw suspensorium. A. Premaxillary. B. Maxilla. C. Dentary. Scale bar = 1 mm.

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FIGURE 3 in Genetic diversity of the species Cnesterodon hypselurus (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae) in Cinzas River basin: new record and headwater capture evidences

FIGURE 3 | Results of Bayesian analysis (STRUCTURE) for Cnesterodon hypselurus in Cinzas River basin (CIN) and Lambari stream (LAM), Itararé River basin. Estimates of the number of K groups based on mean A. Likelihood Ln(K) and B. ∆K statistic. C. Graphical representation based on K = 2. Each column represents a different individual and the colors represent the probability membership coefficient of that individual for each genetic cluster.