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3,101 results for “Historical”
Data from: Herbarium specimens reveal a historical shift in phylogeographic structure of common ragweed during native range disturbance
Invasive plants provide ample opportunity to study evolutionary shifts that occur after introduction to novel environments. However, although genetic characters pre-dating introduction can be important determinants of later success, large-scale investigations of historical genetic structure have not been feasible. Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is an invasive weed native to North America that is known for its allergenic pollen. Palynological records from sediment cores indicate that this species was uncommon before European colonization of North America, and ragweed populations expanded rapidly as settlers deforested the landscape on a massive scale, later becoming an aggressive invasive with populations established globally. Toward a direct comparison of genetic structure now and during intense anthropogenic disturbance of the late 19th century, we sampled 45 natural populations of common ragweed across its native range as well as historical herbarium specimens collected up to 140 years ago. Bayesian clustering analyses of 453 modern and 473 historical samples genotyped at three chloroplast spacer regions and six nuclear microsatellite loci reveal that historical ragweed's spatial-genetic structure mirrors both the paleo-record of Ambrosia pollen deposition and the historical pattern of agricultural density across the landscape. Furthermore, for unknown reasons this spatial-genetic pattern has changed substantially in the intervening years. Following on previous work relating morphology and and genetic expression between plants collected from eastern North America and Western Europe, we speculate that the cluster associated with humans' rapid transformation of the landscape is a likely source of these aggressive invasive populations.
Data from: Genetic diagnosis of a rare myrmecochorous species, Plagiorhegma dubium (Berberidaceae): historical genetic bottlenecks and strong spatial structures among populations
Distribution of genetic variation over time and space is relevant to demographic histories, and tightly linked to ecological disturbances as well as evolutionary potential of an organism. Therefore, understanding the pattern of genetic diversity is a primary step in conservation and management projects for rare and threatened plant species. We used 8 microsatellite markers to examine the level of genetic diversity, spatial structure and demographic history of Plagiorhegma dubium, a rare myrmecochorous herb, populations sampled across northeast Asia and Siberia. We found low within-population genetic variation associated with historical bottlenecks. Although pairwise FST values were not much higher than the ones found in similar life form species, STRUCTURE and PCoA revealed a clear broad-scale spatial pattern of genetic structure. Bayesian clustering (best K=6) and PCoA identified three populations that are distinctive from neighboring populations in the Korean peninsula, which suggests potential units for conservation and management plans in Korea. MIGRATE-N and BAYESASS showed that both contemporary (0.003-0.045) and historical migration rates (2e-5-4.6e-4) were low. Our findings provide a good example, where genetic considerations should be integrated for conservation and management plans of rare and threatened species.
Data from: Current and historical land use influence soil-based ecosystem services in an urban landscape
Urban landscapes are increasingly recognized as providing important ecosystem services (ES) to their occupants. Yet, urban ES assessments often ignore the complex spatial heterogeneity and land-use history of cities. Soil-based services may be particularly susceptible to land-use legacy effects. We studied indicators of three soil-based ES – carbon storage, water quality regulation, and runoff regulation – in a historically agricultural urban landscape and asked: (1) How do ES indicators vary with contemporary land cover and time since development? (2) Do ES indicators vary primarily among land-cover classes, within land-cover classes, or within sites? (3) What is the relative contribution of urban land-cover classes to potential citywide ES provision? We measured biophysical indicators (soil carbon (C), available phosphorus (P), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks)) in 100 sites across 5 land-cover classes, spanning an ~125 year gradient of time since development within each land-cover class. Potential for ES provision was substantial in urban green spaces, including developed land. Runoff regulation services (high Ks) were highest in forests; water quality regulation (low P) was highest in open spaces and grasslands; and open spaces and developed land (e.g., residential yards) had the highest C storage. In developed land covers, both C and P increased with time since development, indicating effects of historical land-use on contemporary ES and tradeoffs between two important ES. Among-site differences accounted for a high proportion of variance in soil properties in forests, grasslands, and open space, while residential areas had high within-site variability – underscoring the leverage city residents have to improve urban ES provision. Developed land covers contributed most ES supply at the citywide scale, even after accounting for potential impacts of impervious surfaces. Considering the full mosaic of urban green space and its history is needed to estimate the kinds and magnitude of ES provided in cities, and to augment regional ES assessments that often ignore or underestimate urban ES supply.
Historical German Children's Playbooks - 6 Digitized Books with Images, OCR-Fulltext, and Named Entity Recognition
<p>The dataset consists of 6 digitized books with 1750 images and OCR-fulltext.</p> <p>Additionally, named entity recognition has been carried out on basis of flair's de-ner model, see https://github.com/flairNLP for details.</p>
Data from: Evidence for adaptive responses to historic drought across a native plant species range
As climatic conditions change, species will be forced to move or adapt to avoid extinction. Exacerbated by ongoing climate change, California recently experienced a severe and exceptional drought from 2011-2017. To investigate whether an adaptive response occurred during this event, we conducted a "resurrection" study of the cutleaf monkeyflower (Mimulus laciniatus), an annual plant, by comparing trait means and variances of ancestral seed collections ("pre-drought") with contemporary descendant collections ("drought"). Plants were grown under common conditions to test whether this geographically-restricted species has the capacity to respond evolutionarily to climate stress across its range. We examined if traits shifted in response to the recent, severe drought and included populations across an elevation gradient, including populations at the low- and high-elevation edges of the species range. We found that time to seedling emergence in the drought generation was significantly earlier than in the pre-drought generation, a response consistent with drought adaptation. Additionally, trait variation in days to emergence was reduced in the drought generation, which suggests selection or bottleneck events. Days to first flower increased significantly by elevation, consistent with climate adaptation across the species range. Drought generation plants were larger and had greater reproduction, which was likely a carryover effect of earlier germination. These results demonstrate that rapid shifts in trait means and variances consistent with climate adaptation are occurring within populations, including peripheral populations at warm and cold climate limits, of a plant species with a relatively restricted range that has so far not shifted its elevation distribution during contemporary climate change. Thus, rapid evolution may mitigate, at least temporarily, range shifts under global climate change. This study highlights the need for better understanding rapid adaptation as a means for plant communities to cope with extraordinary climate events.
7,000 years of turnover: historical contingency and human niche construction shape the Caribbean's Anthropocene biota
The human-mediated movement of species across biogeographic boundaries—whether intentional or accidental—is dramatically reshaping the modern world. Conservation biologists are grappling with the present-day effects of these introductions, but humans have in fact been reshaping ecosystems and translocating species for millennia. Acknowledging the effects of human-mediated species introductions through time is important for understanding present-day biodiversity loss, ecosystem functioning, and management needs. Here, we present the first database of terrestrial vertebrate species introductions spanning the entire anthropogenic history of a system. This ~7,000 year Caribbean dataset allows us to assess the roles of historical contingency and priority effects in shaping present-day conservation outcomes. We analyzed the spatial and temporal dynamics of species introductions in the context of cultural practices and human population histories spanning Indigenous, colonial, and modern human societies. We highlight how serial human colonization contributed to habitat modifications and species extinctions that then shaped subsequent species introductions by other human groups, altering ecosystem processes dramatically. We quantify how the taxonomic and biogeographical diversity of species introductions increases over time, reflecting diversifying reasons for species introductions. Importantly, we use the record to highlight gaps in the archaeological record, ongoing management challenges, and research opportunities in today's Caribbean biota.
Old Rusted Vehicle Frame on Historic Ranch
Old Rusted Vehicle Frame on the Historic Brown's Ranch South of Sierra Vista, AZ. This frame is in the grass on the west end of the property. It's easy to miss in the high grass but a gem if you can find it. From 387 Photos Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Fort Vancouver Historic Site Archive: Axe Head
Another artifact from the Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. They house more than 2 million items that have been recovered by the on-site archaeology team and the annual field school Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Historic Assynt - Achnacarnin Circle (1)
A possible stone circle at Achnacarnin, Assynt, NW Scotland. Model prepared to assist work by members of Historic Assynt. See model 'Historic Assynt - Achnacarnin Circle (2) for more detail. The model was created from images taken on February 8th 2016 by a DJI Inspire UAV using DroneDeploy software. An orthomosaic and elevation map are also available. For more information on Historic Assynt, go to http://assyntfireandwater.aocarchaeology.com/about-historic-assynt/ www.historicassynt.co.uk Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Historic building in Moscow (1910)
Quick scan of a historic building. Model is created by using RealityCapture and Houdini. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Anthony-Northside historic 1928 landmark
Anthony-Northside historic stone gateway landmark, built in 1928, at the intersection of Wheeling Avenue and Cowing Drive in Muncie, Indiana. Visit gateway.muncieanna.com. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Historically Accurate Fauchard
This Fauchard has a large head of high carbon steel which is durably mounted onto a robust haft of smooth-polished hardwood. Dual screw at the base of the socket reinforce and secure the head of this polearm to its mounting. This glaive-like Fauchard has a hook-like extension on the blade that would have been ideal for pushing or pulling cavalrymen off their mount. The sweeping, cleaver-like blade is perfect for delivering very powerful cuts and chops and its sharply tapered blade point is a surprisingly capable piercing tool. Parrying hooks give a skilled bearer the ability to stop and turn aside strikes from other weapons and prevent them from skipping down the haft to strike the bearers hands and arms after an entanglement in a melee. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Historic Toothbrush Case
This ceramic toothbrush case was discovered during the 2005 CAP excavations of Saints' Rest, the first dormitory on MSU's campus that burned down in the winter of 1876. A maker's mark is present on the underside showing a coat of arms with a lion and a unicorn. Beneath this are the words "IRONSTONE CHINA" and "T. GOODFELLOW". Pieces using this Goodfellow maker's mark were made in Tunstall, Stafordshire in England and were in production from 1828 until 1858 or 1859. Toothbrushes were commonly made of wood in the 19th century and layed horizontally in ceramic cases such as these. The raised portions in the base of the case have two peaks each which would have allowed three toothbrushes to be placed in it. No case was recovered or identified, but were normally part of the set. Modern toothbrush holders place the them vertically and allow them to airdry. This photogrammetric model was create by Jack A. Biggs using Agisoft Metashape. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Dwarf's costume from a historical engraving
The 3D model presents a digital look of a historical costume from a Russian lubok print "A dwarf and a dwarfess" dating to the 18th century. The costume was made for a theatrical performance «Indecent is decent» (Ivanovo State Museum of Local History named after D.G. Burylin, October 30, 2019 – March 1, 2020). The 3D reconstruction was made by using historical block patterns, 2D scans of textile materials and 3d scans of contemporary actors. Anthroscan, Clo3D, SubstancePainter and Unreal Engine 4 software programs were used. The authors of the 3D model are: Victor Kuzmichev https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Viktor-Kuzmichev Aleksei Moskvin https://sketchfab.com/alekseimoskvin1 https://independent.academia.edu/AlekseiMoskvin Mariia Moskvina https://sketchfab.com/mariia89 https://independent.academia.edu/MariiaMoskvina The authors thank Tatiana Ponomareva and Anastasia Kornilovich for their important contribution to the project. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
The D-Day Wall, Southampton - Historic Graffiti
In the build up to D-Day, American servicemen inscribed their names and home towns on a brick wall of the then mortuary building prior to embarkation from Southampton heading to the beaches of Normandy on June 6th 1944. The project commemorates the 75th anniversary of D-Day through recording of the wall and its inscriptions using a range of photographic techniques, as well as research into the surviving names to try to identify individuals and find out more about their stories. The ongoing reserach and database is now available through an interactive viewer. Explore the Sketchfab powered experience [here](https://d-day.maritimearchaeologytrust.org) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Man's #2 costume from a historical engraving
The 3D model presents a digital look of a historical costume from a Russian lubok print "Domostroj" dating to the 18th century. The costume was made for a theatrical performance «Indecent is decent» (Ivanovo State Museum of Local History named after D.G. Burylin, October 30, 2019 – March 1, 2020). The 3D reconstruction was made by using historical block patterns, 2D scans of textile materials and 3d scans of contemporary actors. Anthroscan, Clo3D, SubstancePainter and Unreal Engine 4 software programs were applied. The authors of the 3D model are: Victor Kuzmichev https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Viktor-Kuzmichev Aleksei Moskvin https://sketchfab.com/alekseimoskvin1 https://independent.academia.edu/AlekseiMoskvin Mariia Moskvina https://sketchfab.com/mariia89 https://independent.academia.edu/MariiaMoskvina The authors thank Tatiana Ponomareva and Anastasia Kornilovich for their important contribution to the project. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Test historic coins 3D scanned
Test scan of several coins and tokens using the Artec Spider 3D scanner with 0.05mm resolution and 0.1mm accuracy. The details on the two bird lead tokens are very difficult to see with the naked eye, so applying shadows and shiny materials to the 3D scanned objects allows the design relief to become visible. Left to right includes: (Left) 1600-1800AD Lead token with cross design (Centre left) 1600-1800AD Lead token with bird design (Centre right) Edward II silver groat (four pence) (Right) 1600-1800AD Lead token with bird design Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Kilburn Bros Stereoscopic view historical marker
Historical marker for the kilburn factory scan by austinbeaulier.com https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_W._Kilburn Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Abondoned historical gate in Setubal, Portugal
Destroyed old gate with graffiti in Setubal, Portugal Scaned with iPhone 8, Processed by RealityScan Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Historic Lantern Base
This historic lantern base was discovered while the MSU Campus Archaeology Program 2018 summer field crew was conducting excavations along the banks of the Red Cedar River. It is a metal duplex burner for an oil lamp with a dial that has a patent mark of 1865! This model was created by CAP Fellow Jack A. Biggs using photogrammetry and Agisoft PhotoScan. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.