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3,121 results for “Resources”
Data from: Resource acquisition and pre-copulatory sexual selection
<p>Sexual selection influences the evolution of phenotypic traits and contributes to patterns of biodiversity. In many animals, mating involves sequential steps. Often, individuals must secure resources that are essential for mating (nests, territories, food), and then after securing a resource, individuals engage in competition for access to limited opposite-sex mates and gametes. A large body of empirical research and some verbal models have illustrated that resource acquisition can influence sexual selection. In general, though, we lack <em>a priori</em> predictions of when and how resource acquisition will influence sexual selection. Here, we use a mathematical framework to explore the link between resource acquisition and sexual selection on an advantageous mate-acquisition trait across biologically relevant trade-off scenarios. Our findings provide a set of testable predictions of how resource acquisition can influence sexual selection on mating traits. In general, selection on mate-acquisition traits is expected to be heavily influenced by: 1) the episode of selection considered, and in particular, whether one considers selection associated with the mating pool only or selection associated with both the mating pool and pre-mating pool; 2) whether resource-acquisition and mate-acquisition traits are positively associated or whether they trade off; and 3) the proportion of males with the resource- and mate-acquisition traits.</p>
Data from: Effects of climate change on plant resource allocation and herbivore interactions in a Neotropical rainforest shrub
<p>Data from "Effects of climate change on plant resource allocation and herbivore interactions in a Neotropical rainforest shrub" published in <em>Ecology and Evolution. </em>doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9198</p>
Resource amount and discontinuity influence flight and reproduction in Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
<p>Industrial-scale agriculture creates a mosaic of large monocultures in the landscape, where seasonal cropping cycles generate discontinuous resource availability for insect predators both spatially and temporally. In this environment, selection will favor predator movement and reproductive behaviors that optimize the location and effective utilization of resource (prey) pulses that are both patchy and ephemeral in nature. Using a model system to study predator movement and reproduction, we tested how discontinuous periods of food resource access that mimic fluctuating resource populations (aphids) would influence flight behavior and reproduction of a highly mobile predator, Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle), and possibly modify energetic trade-offs between these behaviors. Examining how these factors affect reproduction and movement in a lab context is an important first step toward understanding their corresponding performance in the field. Adult beetles were provided either short (3h) or long (6h) food pulses daily (continuous availability) or short (6h) or long (12h) food pulses every other day (discontinuous availability). We measured pre-oviposition period, fecundity, and fertility during an 18-day oviposition period, and female tethered flight activity (3h) before and after the oviposition period. We found that discontinuous food access delayed the onset of oviposition in the high food quantity treatment; fewer females laid eggs overall, and 18-d fecundity was lower compared to continuous provision of the same food quantity. A longer pre-oviposition period was associated with fewer reproductive days and lower fitness. Flight distance and fecundity were negatively correlated, suggesting that energetic expenditure in flight can deplete energetic reserves otherwise used for subsequent reproduction. The negative fitness effects of discontinuous resource access at fine temporal scales reveal how similar gaps in resource availability could influence lady beetle population dynamics and their ecosystem services within the agricultural landscape. Understanding how resource availability patterns affect lady beetle fitness and behavior can inform agricultural land management strategies to enhance their biological control services.</p>
Resource availability, competition, and the web structure of western black widows
<p>This dataset originates from an experiment using black widow spiders (Latrodectus hesperus) originally collected from Davis, California, United-States and brought to the University of Arizona, where they were maintained under laboratory condition for 12 months. Spiders were then transferred to Pierre-Olivier Montiglio's laboratory in Montreal in Canada, where they were kept for a month prior to the experiment. During this time, spiders were housed in individual plastic containers (946 ml) at 23˚C ± 1.50 and 25 % humidity ± 8.94 with a photoperiod of 12h, and fed a single live house cricket (Acheta domesticus) every two weeks.</p> <p>Spiders were then fed for 8 weeks either a cricket every three weeks (Restricted treatment), a cricket every two weeks (Intermediate treatment), or a cricket every week (Ad libitum treatment) for 8 weeks. Each spider experienced each of the three food treatments in an order that was randomly determined. At the end of each 8-week food treatment, spiders were left to weave a web for a week in an individual standardized cardboard frame (31 x 17 x 24 cm). For each session of web construction, we monitored the structure of the web (i.e., proportion of structural threads over trap threads), body weight loss, and web weight. See Toupin et al. 2022 in Behavioral Ecology for further information on the data and the experiment.</p> <p>The experiment was designed and conducted by Louis-Philippe Toupin and Pierre-Olivier Montiglio. The data were organized and formatted for Dryad by Pierre-Olivier Montiglio.</p>
Seascapes and foraging success: movement and resource discovery by a benthic marine herbivore
<p>1. Spatially concentrated resources result in patch-based foraging, wherein the detection and choice of patches as well as the process of locating and exploiting resource patches involve moving through an explicit landscape composed of both resources and barriers to movement. An understanding of behavioural responses to resources and barriers is key to interpreting observed ecological patterns.</p> <p>2. We examined the process of resource discovery in the context of a heterogeneous seascape using sea urchins and drift kelp in urchin barrens as a model system. Under field conditions, we manipulated both the presence of a highly valuable resource (drift kelp) and a barrier to movement (sandy substratum) to test the interacting influence of these two factors on the process of resource discovery in barren grounds by urchins. We removed all foraging urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) from replicate areas and monitored urchin recolonization and kelp consumption. We tested two hypotheses: 1) unstable substratum is a barrier to urchin movement and 2) the movement behaviour of sea urchins is modified by the presence of drift kelp.</p> <p>3. Very few urchins were found on sand, sand was a permeable barrier to urchin movement, and the permeability of this barrier varied between sites. In general, partial recolonization occurred strikingly rapidly, but sand slowed the consumption of drift kelp by limiting the number of urchins. Differences in the permeability of sand barriers between sites could be driven by differences in the size structure of urchin populations, indicating size-specific environmental effects on foraging behaviour.</p> <p>4. We demonstrate the influence of patchy seascapes in modulating grazing intensity in barren grounds through modifications of foraging behaviour. Behavioural processes modified by environmental barriers play an important role in determining grazing pressure, the existence of refuges for new algal recruits, and ultimately the dynamics of urchin-algal interactions in barren grounds.</p>
Evisceration residues from hunted roe deer as a resource for necrophagous insect fauna in the Black Forest, Germany: a preliminary study
<p>This dataset is used to investigate if evisceration residues of roe deer are used as a resource by necrophagous insects. Pit fall traps baited with eviceration residues, entire carcasses or unbaited were used to sample invertebrates. </p>
Data from: Access to resources buffers against effects of current reproduction on future ability to provide care in a burying beetle
<p>Studies investigating the trade-off between current and future reproduction often find that increased allocation to current reproduction is associated with a reduction in the number or quality of future offspring. In species that provide parental care, this effect on future offspring may be mediated through a reduced future ability to provide care. Here, we test this idea in the burying beetle <em>Nicrophorus vespilloides</em>, a species in which parents shift the cost of reproduction towards future offspring and provide elaborate parental care. We manipulated brood size to alter the costs females experienced in association with current reproduction and measured the level of parental care during a subsequent breeding attempt. Given that these beetles breed on carcasses of small vertebrates, it is important to consider confounding effects due to benefits associated with resource access during breeding. We therefore manipulated access to carrion and measured the level of parental care during a subsequent breeding attempt. We found that females provided the same level of care regardless of previous brood size and resource access, suggesting that neither affected future ability to provide care. This may reflect that parents feed on carrion during breeding, which may buffer against any costs of previous breeding attempts. Our results show that increased allocation to current reproduction is not necessarily associated with a reduction in future ability to provide care. Nevertheless, this may reflect unique aspects of our study system, and we encourage future work on systems where parents do not have access to a rich resource during breeding.</p>
Do alternative resources dampen functional responses of native but not alien gammarids?
<p>While aquatic invasive predators are among the most impactful trophic groups, we lack understanding of whether alternative food resources mediate adverse predatory effects and stabilise native prey communities. Here, we use comparative functional responses to examine the influence of alternative food resources (Fucus sp.) on predator-prey interaction strengths from three gammarid crustaceans, with one native (<em>Gammarus locusta</em>) and two existing and emerging invasive (<em>Gammarus tigrinus, Pontogammarus maeoticus</em>, respectively) species, towards larval chironomid prey. All gammarids exhibited Type II functional responses, irrespective of the presence of alternative seaweed disks. <em>Fucus </em>sp. disks significantly reduced predation rates overall, however, significant reductions in maximum feeding rates (i.e. functional response magnitudes) were only evident in the native species and not for the two invaders. Our results thus may suggest that alternative resources dampen the predatory interaction strength of native but not invasive alien species, concerning these three study organisms. This potentially exacerbates impacts of invasive predators relative to natives in diverse communities. Studies should increasingly consider alternative resources when quantifying ecological impacts of current and future invasive alien species compared to natives.</p>
Supplementary material to The Bremen-Cog's timber resources https://doi.org/10.1080/10572414.2022.2122243
<p>Supplementary data to Belasus and Daly 2022. <strong>The <em>Bremen-Cog</em>’s timber resources</strong>. <em>International Journal of Nautical Archaeology</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10572414.2022.2122243">https://doi.org/10.1080/10572414.2022.2122243</a> A summary of the dendrochronological data that forms the background to the analysis of the timbers of the Bremen Cog is presented. In addition, all tree-ring measurements from the Bremen Cog is published here.</p>
Data: Sex-specific effects of capital resources on reproductive timing and success in red squirrels
<p><span>Reproduction is an energetically expensive activity for both sexes. However, if males and females differ in their annual timing of reproduction, such that peak investment for one sex occurs during a more resource-limited period, there is an opportunity for sex-specific selection to act on the acquisition of energetic resources. Both male and female North American red squirrels (<em>Tamiasciurus hudsonicus</em>) cache conifer cones, although males typically have larger caches than females. Peak energetic investment in reproduction occurs for males during the mating season in winter and early spring (when squirrels rely almost exclusively on cached resources) and for females during lactation (which can align with fresh food availability). We provide evidence that suggests sex differences in cache size are likely driven by a stronger positive connection between cached resources and components of fitness for males than for females. Specifically, males with larger caches have greater siring success than males with smaller caches, whereas for females, only early breeding females experience a positive effect of cache size on the number of recruits produced. We also show that males sire pups and females give birth earlier in the year if they have larger caches compared with squirrels of the same sex with smaller caches. Sexual selection can thus extend beyond traits directly connected to mating behavior, and can act on traits related to acquiring resources needed to fuel reproduction that are expressed months or years in advance of breeding efforts.</span></p>
Companion data of Detection, Evaluation and Mitigation of Resource Affinity and Communication Contention Problems in a Task-Based Runtime over Heterogeneous Clusters
<p>This is the companion data repository for the paper entitled <strong>Detection, Evaluation, and Mitigation of Resource Affinity and Communication Contention Problems in a Task-Based Runtime over Heterogeneous Clusters</strong> by Lucas Leandro Nesi and Lucas Mello Schnorr. The manuscript has been accepted for publication in the <a href="http://wscad.sbc.org.br/current/index.html">WSCAD 2020</a>.</p>
Genomic resources for Macadamia tetraphylla and an examination of its historic use as a crop resource in Hawaii
<p><em>Macadamia tetraphylla </em>is a wild relative of the economically valuable crop <em>Macadamia integrifolia. </em>Genomic knowledge of crop wild relatives is central to determining their possible role in breeding programs to mitigate biotic and abiotic stress in the future. The data stored here represent SNP files for material found on Oahu and assembled transcriptomes from different tissue types. </p>
Fine-scale subpopulation detection via SNP-based unsupervised method: A case study on the 1000 Genomes Project Resources
<p>Here are the supplementary files to the paper "Fine-scale subpopulation detection via SNP-based unsupervised method:<br> A case study on the 1000 Genomes Project Resources".<br> <br> The repository is organized as:</p> <ol> <li><strong>Supplementary information</strong>: the additional detailed information for the experiments in the paper <ul> <li>Supplementary_information_IPCAPS_Chaichoompu_v1.pdf</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Real-life dataset</strong>: the 1000 genome dataset, which is referred to in the paper and is filtered with the parameters explained in the paper. Reference: https://www.internationalgenome.org/ <ul> <li>1000genomes_with_filtering.zip</li> </ul> </li> </ol>
Raw data for: Novel food resources and conservation of ecological interactions between the Andean Araucaria and the Austral parakeet
<p><span>In fragile ecosystems, the introduction of exotic species could alter some ecological processes. The Austral parakeet (<em>Enicognathus</em> <em>ferrugineous</em>) shows close ecological and evolutionary relationships with the Andean Araucaria (<em>Araucaria</em> <em>araucana</em>), so any alteration in these interactions may have negative consequences for both partners and for ecosystem functioning and structure. We conducted extensive roadside surveys to estimate the abundance of parakeets in the northern Patagonian Andes over four years and recorded the food plants consumed by foraging flocks. The use of native habitats and humanized areas like villages and farms was influenced by Araucaria seed crop. In masting years, the large seed crop allowed a massive use of this resource during the non-breeding season, and even during the breeding season. The exploitation of exotic plants was minor in the masting year, but became predominant in non-masting years, especially during the non-breeding season. This feeding switch towards exotic plants primarily arose because the low Araucaria seed crop in non-masting years is entirely consumed just after production by domestic and wild exotic mammals living in Araucaria forests year-round, thus forcing the displacement of parakeets towards anthropic habitats to exploit exotic plants. Given the degradation of the remaining Andean Araucaria forests due to the impact of exotic mammals on the ecological interaction between Araucaria and Austral parakeets, ambitious programs to exclude or reduce the density of these alien mammals, including livestock, are warranted. </span></p>
Pericarpial nectary-visiting ants do not provide fruit protection against pre-dispersal seed predators regardless of ant species composition and resource availability
<p> This dataset describes the number of flowers, fruits and seed set of <em>Tocoyena formosa</em> in branches exposed (control) and isolated (ant exclusion) from ants, as well as the visiting ants and seed predators reared from fruits collected from both treatments.</p>
Human review for post-training improvement of low-resource language performance in large language models
<p>Large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved natural language processing, holding the potential to support health workers and their clients directly. Unfortunately, there is a substantial and variable drop in performance for low-resource languages. Here we present results from an exploratory case study in Malawi, aiming to enhance the performance of LLMs in Chichewa through innovative prompt engineering techniques. By focusing on practical evaluations over traditional metrics, we assess the subjective utility of LLM outputs, prioritizing end-user satisfaction. Our findings suggest that tailored prompt engineering may improve LLM utility in underserved linguistic contexts, offering a promising avenue to bridge the language inclusivity gap in digital health interventions.</p>
gesisDataSeachKG Resources
<p>gesiDatasSearchKG is an initiative to extend the current <a href="https://datasearch.gesis.org/start" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gesis Data Search</a> to semantic search over KG. This version models the sample of 11,965 datasets available in Gesis Data Search (DC <a href="../records/896431">Metadata and index on social science research data (zenodo.org)</a>) harvested in the DDI metadata standard and lifts them to the RDF/S model. </p> <p>gesisDataSearchKG consists of a multilingual dataset belonging to 11 study groups with publication dates ranging from 1966 to 2023. We model 33 semantic properties of the Dataset with 530k triplets.</p> <p>This resource incorporates the dataset metadata archive in DDI standards, a ntriples dump and the data model schema of the KG.</p> <p> </p>
Fruiting trees provide fruit and insect resources for four tropical deer species
<p>Fruiting trees provide important fruit and seed resources for various animal species, but rarely are they considered to be rich sources of insects as well. During a study of seed dispersal of <em>Trewia nudiflora</em> (Euphorbiaceae) using camera-traps in Nepal, we observed four tropical deer species (<em>Axis axis</em>, <em>Muntiacus vaginalis</em>, <em>Rusa unicolor</em>, <em>Axis porcinus</em>) foraging for insects, rather than fruits under the trees. These herbivorous deer are proven seed dispersers of <em>Trewia</em>, but 8-38% of video captures (across each species) were of insectivory, rather than frugivory. The deer chased and consumed red cotton bugs (<em>Dysdercus</em> sp. family Pyrrhocoridae), which were seed predators that hoarded <em>Trewia</em> seeds. It is likely that other unidentified insect species were also consumed. Tropical deer species are considered to be fully herbivorous, so our observations extend their known diets and possibly indicate a seasonal requirement for protein. These findings also highlight tri-trophic interactions among deer, insects, and fruits that could have important implications for seedling recruitment if seed predators are being consumed by seed dispersers (in addition to fruit consumption).</p>
Resources for BMF CP 56, 58, 59, 68
<p>Resources for BMF CP 56,58,59,68 include dataset, data description, R script, important for public validation and reuse. </p>
Genome sequence resources from three isolates of the apple canker pathogen Neonectria ditissima infecting forest trees
<p><em>Neonectria ditissima</em> is a generalist ascomycete plant pathogen causing canker diseases on a variety of hardwood tree species and can cross-infect many of them. The fungus enters the plants through wounds throughout the year. <em>N. ditissima</em> is considered a major threat to apple production responsible for the fruit tree canker disease which damages trees and causes rotting of fruits in storage. Nearby forests and shelter belts can serve as source of inoculum for well-managed apple orchards. Thus, knowledge about the <em>N. ditissima</em> isolates infecting different host species is essential for designing integrated pest management strategies. Here, we describe the genomes of three <em>N. ditissima</em> isolates, Nd_iso34, Nd_iso35, and Nd_iso36, infecting European beech, American tulip tree, and American beech, respectively. We obtained genome assemblies of ca. 45 megabases for all isolates, covering 94% of the <em>N. ditissima</em> reference annotation, and 97% of the universal single-copy orthologs (BUSCOs). We conclude that these genome assemblies are a highly relevant resource considering the scarcity of genomic data available for <em>N. ditissima</em>.</p>
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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