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1,952 results for “actionality”
Data from: Identifying management actions to increase foraging opportunities for shorebirds at semi-intensive shrimp farms
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Data from: Conservation action based on threatened species capture taxonomic and phylogenetic richness in breeding and wintering populations of Central Asian birds
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Consequences of migratory coupling of predators and prey when mediated by human actions
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Co-designing conservation interventions through participatory action research in the Indian Trans-Himalaya
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The role of action potential changes in depolarization-induced failure of excitation contraction coupling in mouse skeletal muscle
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Mesoscale cortex-wide neural dynamics predict self-initiated actions in mice several seconds prior to movement
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Predictive genetic plan for a captive population of the Chinese goral (Naemorhedus griseus) and prescriptive action for ex situ and in situ conservation management in Thailand
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Carbon action MULTA Finnish carbon sequestration experimental field dataset 2019
<p>This dataset includes the first year observations of the Finnish Carbon Action carbon sequestration experiment. In the experiment c.a. 100 farms test carbon farming methods on a test field and an adjacent control plot. 26 of the farms were sampled during 2019 combining field observations and soil sampling. This data will be coupled with satellite imagery, field sensors and carbon cycle modeling to forecast carbon sequestration. Subsequent sampling will track changes in soil carbon stock and soil productivity.</p> <p>The dataset will be updated annually. New datasets will be published in https://zenodo.org/communities/carbonaction/ . Includes data on:</p> <ul> <li>soil properties (CEC, pH, OM)</li> <li>nutrients: P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, B, Mn (Fe, Al, P-saturation)</li> <li>physical quality: soil structure (VESS), bulk density, porosity, water holding capacity, infiltration rate</li> <li>biological properties: earthworm counts, above ground biomass, plant cover (%)</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Dataset of Paper "Kinetic modeling of the synergistic thermal and spectral actions on the inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum in water by sunlight"
<p>Dataset of Paper "Kinetic modeling of the synergistic thermal and spectral actions on the inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum in water by sunlight"</p> <p>- Data of the experimental disinfection profiles for the viable <em>C. parvum</em> oocysts.</p>
Dataset of Paper: "Kinetic modeling of the synergistic thermal and spectral actions on the inactivation of viruses in water by sunlight" (DOI:
<p>Dataset of Paper: "Kinetic modeling of the synergistic thermal and spectral actions on the inactivation of viruses in water by sunlight"</p> <p>- Data of the experimental disinfection of the MS2 virus.</p> <p>- Data of the kinetic constant value of the MS2 virus inactivation for experimental data and predicted data using action spectra models with different quantum yield values.</p> <p>- Observed and predicted kinetic constants for the MS2 inactivation by SODIS for all the scenarios and conditions studied. The predicted kinetic constants were obtained from the complete kinetic model described in this work.</p>
Data from: Head-to-head drug comparisons in multiple sclerosis: urgent action needed
Disease-modifying drugs are changing the natural history of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, currently available clinical trial data are insufficient to develop accurate personalised treatment algorithms to assign the best possible treatment to each person with MS according to disease features, treatment history and comorbidities. Such accurate algorithms would require the presence of numerous head-to-head trials of long duration, which is virtually impossible, given the economic costs, required time and difficulties with attrition. Thus, efforts are being made to compare relative treatment efficacy through observational designs, using large multi-centre prospective cohorts or 'big MS data', and network meta-analyses. Although such studies can yield useful information, they are liable to biases and their results should be confirmed in other study populations, including smaller, single-centre cohorts, where some of these biases can be minimised. In this View paper we analyse the potential benefits and biases of all these strategies alternative to head-to-head trials in MS. Finally, we propose the combination of all these types of studies to obtain reliable head-to-head drug comparisons in the absence of randomised designs.
Data from: Cerebellar Damage Affects Contextual Priors for Action Prediction in Patients with Childhood Brain Tumor
<p>Raw data used for the article: Cerebellar Damage Affects Contextual Priors for Action Prediction in Patients with Childhood Brain Tumor</p> <p>Predictive coding accounts of action perception sustain that kinematics information is compared with contextual top-down predictions (i.e., priors) to understand actions in conditions of perceptual ambiguity. It has been previously shown that the cerebellum contributes to motor simulation of observed actions. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a specific contribution of the cerebellum to action perception is to provide contextual priors that guide the sampling of perceptual kinematic information. To this aim, we compared the performance of 42 patients with childhood brain tumor affecting infratentorial (ITT) or supratentorial (STT) areas with that of peers with typical development in an action prediction task. First, participants were<br> exposed to videos depicting a child performing different reaching-to-grasp actions, which were associated with contextual cues in a probabilistic fashion. Then, they were presented with shortened versions of the same videos and asked to infer the action outcome; since kinematics was ambiguous, we expected their responses would be biased toward the previously learned contextual priors. We found that patients with brain tumor were impaired in predicting actions when compared to healthy controls. However, STT patients presented a reliable probabilistic effect, while ITT patients, who had cerebellar damage, did not rely on contextual priors in predicting actions. Furthermore, we found an association between the use of contextual priors and the ability<br> to infer others’ mental states as assessed by a standardized test. These results suggest that the cerebellum provides contextual priors to understand others’ actions and this predictive function might underlie complex social cognition abilities.</p>
Competencies Development based on Thinking-based Learning in Software Engineering: An Action-Research
<p>For a long time, the teaching of Software Engineering (SE) has been carried out in a traditional way without taking into account relevant aspects of the student’s personality reflected in their learning. There is still a lack of research focused on SE that promotes adequate teaching methods so that new generations of students and future professionals have a humanistic, critical and reflexive formation. A novel teaching method called Thinking-based Learning (TBL) was proposed to develop effective thinking in students using thinking skills, habits of the mind and the metacognition during the teaching of subject content. The action research as a methodology to improve their teaching practices in education has been seen as a positive change in educational practices. The aim of this research was to perform an action research based on TBL method to assist in the development of competencies that are less attended by traditional methods currently used during the teaching and learning process of students in SE. Moreover, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted to identify gaps in the contribution of teaching methods in SE until the present. The data are obtained by comparing the competencies achieved with TBL with the traditional methods previously used in the discipline, and additionally with the data obtained from the SLR. The results indicated that critical thinking, autonomy, problem solving and creativity were the most developed competencies by students during the course period. We are planning to expand the TBL and applying it in other disciplines of the same course as well as in other research areas to determine its functionality and interdisciplinarity. We hope that this experience with TBL will encourage the development of competencies among SE teachers.</p>
Shortcomings of Event-Based Metrics [Supplement to PhD "Machine-Actionable Assessment of Research Data Products"]
<p>This deposition includes a tabular overview of all publications analyzed by my PhD to identify and classify shortcomings of event-based metrics for research data products. The tabular overview is linked via its field "Key" to the bibtex file which holds the bibliographic information to replicate the results shown in the table.</p> <p>The deposition is supplementary material to the dissertation "Machine-Actionable Assessment of Research Data Products" (Tobias Weber, yet unpublished), especially chapter 3.</p>
Data from: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can trigger hepatocyte release of extracellular vesicles by various mechanisms of action depending on their affinity for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane enclosed nanostructures released by cells into the extracellular environment. As major actors of physiological intercellular communication, they have been shown to be pathogenic mediators of several liver diseases. EVs also appear to be potential actors of drug-induced liver injury, but nothing is known concerning environmental pollutants. We aimed to study the impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), major contaminants, on hepatocyte-derived EV production, with a special focus on hepatocyte death. Three PAHs were selected, based on their presence in food and their affinity for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR): benzo(a)pyrene (BP), dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (DBA), and pyrene (PYR). Treatment of primary rat and WIF-B9 hepatocytes by all three PAHs increased the release of EVs, mainly comprised of exosomes, in parallel with modifying exosome protein marker expression and inducing apoptosis. Moreover, PAH treatment of rodents for three months also led to increased EV levels in plasma. The EV release involved CYP metabolism and the activation of the transcription factor, the AhR, for BP and DBA and another transcription factor, the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), for PYR. Furthermore, all PAHs increased cholesterol levels in EVs but only BP and DBA were able to reduce the cholesterol content of total cell membranes. All cholesterol changes very likely participated in the increase in EV release and cell death. Finally, we studied changes in cell membrane fluidity caused by BP and DBA due to cholesterol depletion. Our data showed increased cell membrane fluidity, which contributed to hepatocyte EV release and cell death.
Data from: The action of stabilizing selection, mutation and drift on epistatic quantitative traits
For a quantitative trait under stabilizing selection, the effect of epistasis on its genetic architecture and on the changes of genetic variance caused by bottlenecking were investigated using theory and simulation. Assuming empirical estimates of the rate and effects of mutations and the intensity of selection, we assessed the impact of two-locus epistasis (synergistic/antagonistic) among linked or unlinked loci on the distribution of effects and frequencies of segregating loci in populations at the mutation-selection-drift balance. Strong pervasive epistasis did not modify substantially the genetic properties of the trait and, therefore, the most likely explanation for the low amount of variation usually accounted by the loci detected in genome-wide association analyses is that many causal loci will pass undetected. We investigated the impact of epistasis on the changes in genetic variance components when large populations were subjected to successive bottlenecks of different sizes, considering the action of genetic drift, operating singly (D), or jointly with mutation (MD) and selection (MSD). An initial increase of the different components of the genetic variance, as well as a dramatic acceleration of the between-line divergence, were always associated with synergistic epistasis but were strongly constrained by selection.
Data from: I meant to do that: determining the intentions of action in the face of disturbances
Our actions often do not match our intentions when there are external disturbances such as turbulence. We derived a novel modeling approach for determining this motor intent from targeted reaching motions that are disturbed by an unexpected force. First, we demonstrated how to mathematically invert both feedforward (predictive) and feedback controls to obtain an intended trajectory. We next examined the model's sensitivity to a realistic range of parameter uncertainties, and found that the expected inaccuracy due to all possible parameter mis-estimations was less than typical movement-to-movement variations seen when humans reach to similar targets. The largest sensitivity arose mainly from uncertainty in joint stiffnesses. Humans cannot change their intent until they acquire sensory feedback, therefore we tested the hypothesis that a straight-line intent should be evident for at least the first 120 milliseconds following the onset of a disturbance. As expected, the intended trajectory showed no change from undisturbed reaching for more than 150 milliseconds after the disturbance onset. Beyond this point, however, we detected a change in intent in five out of eight subjects, surprisingly even when the hand is already near the target. Knowing such an intent signal is broadly applicable: enhanced human-machine interaction, the study of impaired intent in neural disorders, the real-time determination (and manipulation) of error in training, and complex systems that embody planning such as brain machine interfaces, team sports, crowds, or swarms. In addition, observing intent as it changes might act as a window into the mechanisms of planning, correction, and learning.
Data from: Regional difference in sex steroid action on formation of morphological sex differences in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus and principal nucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis
Sex steroid action is critical to form sexually dimorphic nuclei, although it is not fully understood. We previously reported that masculinization of the principal nucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTp), which is larger and has more neurons in males than in females, involves aromatized testosterone that acts via estrogen receptor-α (ERα), but not estrogen receptor-β (ERβ). Here, we examined sex steroid action on the formation of the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) that is larger and has more neurons in females. Morphometrical analysis of transgenic mice lacking aromatase, ERα, or ERβ genes revealed that the volume and neuron number of the male AVPV were significantly increased by deletion of aromatase and ERα genes, but not the ERβ gene. We further examined the AVPV and BNSTp of androgen receptor knockout (ARKO) mice. The volume and neuron number of the male BNSTp were smaller in ARKO mice than those in wild-type mice, while no significant effect of ARKO was found on the AVPV and female BNSTp. We also examined aromatase, ERα, and AR mRNA levels in the AVPV and BNSTp of wild-type and ARKO mice on embryonic day (ED) 18 and postnatal day (PD) 4. AR mRNA in the BNSTp and AVPV of wild-type mice was not expressed on ED18 and emerged on PD4. In the AVPV, the aromatase mRNA level was higher on ED18, although the ERα mRNA level was higher on PD4 without any effect of AR gene deletion. Aromatase and ERα mRNA levels in the male BNSTp were significantly increased on PD4 by AR gene deletion. These results suggest that estradiol signaling via ERα during the perinatal period and testosterone signaling via AR during the postnatal period are required for masculinization of the BNSTp, whereas the former is sufficient to defeminize the AVPV.
Data from: Early modulation of intra-cortical inhibition during the observation of action mistakes
Errors while performing an action are fundamental for learning. During interaction others' errors must be monitored and taken into account to allow joint action coordination and imitation learning. This monitoring relies on an action observation network (AON) mainly based on parietofrontal recurrent circuits. Although different studies suggest that inappropriate actions may rapidly be inhibited during execution, little is known about the modulation of the AON when an action misstep is shown. Here we used single and paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation to assess corticospinal excitability, intracortical facilitation and intracortical inhibition at different time intervals (120, 180, 240 ms) after the visual presentation of a motor execution error. Results show a specific and early (120 ms) decrease of intracortical inhibition likely because of a significant mismatch between the observed erroneous action and observer's expectations. Indeed, as proposed by the top-down predictive framework, the motor system may be involved in the generation of these error signals and our data show that this mechanism could rely on the early decrease of intracortical inhibition within the corticomotor system.
Data from: Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) recognize their own past actions
The ability to recognize oneself in a mirror is known as self-recognition, whereas delayed self-recognition is the ability to recognize the relationship between current self and past actions. While 3-year-old human children have self-recognition without the ability for delayed self-recognition, 4-year-old human children demonstrate the capability for both. Chimpanzees, the most closely related species to humans, have displayed the ability for delayed self-recognition. However, little is known about whether this ability is shared amongst all hominid species. In this study, we examined whether orangutans, the most distantly related species to humans within the hominid group, could recognize their own past actions using the preferential-looking paradigm. Our results demonstrated that orangutans were able to discriminate between a delayed video of themselves presented after a 2-second delay, and a recorded video of the day prior. This suggests that orangutans have the ability to relate their own past actions to current actions, although we found no evidence of self-directed behavior. We believe these findings will contribute to our growing understanding of hominid self-recognition.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.