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10,561 results for “mechanics”
Graph Neural Network dataset : mechanical stress analysis in networks of spherical pores - 1000 samples
<p>Graph Neural Network dataset : mechanical stress analysis in networks of spherical pores - 1000 samples</p> <p>unzip, run data_set.py to see how to interact with the dataset using PyTorch Geometric toolbox</p>
Data from: Why do ants differ in acclimatory ability? Biophysical mechanisms behind cuticular hydrocarbon acclimation across species
Maintaining water balance is vital for terrestrial organisms. Insects protect themselves against desiccation via cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). CHC layers are complex mixtures of solid and liquid hydrocarbons, with a surprisingly diverse composition across species. This variation may translate to differential phase behaviour, and hence varying waterproofing capacity. This is especially relevant when temperatures change, which requires acclimatory CHC changes to maintain waterproofing. Nevertheless, the physical consequences of CHC variation are still little understood. We studied acclimatory responses and their consequences for CHC composition, phase behaviour, and drought survival in three congeneric ant species. Colony fragments were kept under cool, warm, and fluctuating temperature regimes. Lasius niger and platythorax, both of which are rich in methyl-branched alkanes, showed largely predictable acclimatory changes of the CHC profile. In both species, warm acclimation increased drought resistance. Warm acclimation increased the proportion of solid compounds in L. niger but not in L. platythorax. In both species, the CHC layer formed a liquid matrix of constantly low viscosity, which contained highly viscous and solid parts. This phase heterogeneity may be adaptive, increasing robustness to temperature fluctuations. In L. brunneus, which is rich in unsaturated hydrocarbons, acclimatory CHC changes were less predictable, and warm acclimation did not enhance drought survival. The CHC layer was more homogenous, but matrix viscosity changed with acclimation. We showed that ant species use different physical mechanisms to enhance waterproofing during acclimation. Hence, the ability to acclimate, and thus climatic niche breadth, may strongly depend on species-specific CHC profile.
Graph Neural Network dataset : mechanical stress analysis in networks of spherical pores - 6000 samples
<p>Graph Neural Network dataset : mechanical stress analysis in networks of spherical pores - 6000 samples</p> <p>unzip, run data_set.py to see how to interact with the dataset using PyTorch Geometric toolbox</p>
Particle number concentrations and size distributions in the stratosphere: Implications of nucleation mechanisms and particle microphysics
<p>The data files of all figures for ACP-2022-487 entitled: "Particle number concentrations and size distributions in the stratosphere: Implications of nucleation mechanisms and particle microphysics"</p>
A computational study of the structure and function of human Zrt and Irt-like proteins metal transporters: An elevator-type transport mechanism predicted by AlphaFold2
<p>Data produced and analyzed in the manuscript "A computational study of the structure and function of human Zrt and Irt-like proteins metal transporters: An elevator-type transport mechanism predicted by AlphaFold2" by Pasquadibisceglie et al.</p> <p><br> If you include these data in your manuscript, please cite: Pasquadibisceglie A, Leccese A and Polticelli F (2022) A computational study of the structure and function of human Zrt and Irt-like proteins metal transporters: An elevator-type transport mechanism predicted by AlphaFold2. <em>Front. Chem.</em> 10:1004815. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1004815</p>
Plant root growth against a mechanical obstacle: The early growth response of a maize root facing an axial resistance is consistent with the Lockhart model
<p>Plant root growth is dramatically reduced in compacted soils, affecting the growth of the whole plant. Through a model experiment coupling force and kinematics measurements, we probed the force-growth relationship of a primary root contacting a stiff resisting obstacle, that mimics the strongest soil impedance variation encountered by a growing root. The growth of maize roots just emerging from a corseting agarose gel and contacting a force sensor (acting as an obstacle) was monitored by time-lapse imaging simultaneously to the force.<br><br>The evolution of the velocity field along the root was obtained from kinematics analysis of the root texture with a PIV derived-technique. A triangular fit was introduced to retrieve the elemental elongation rate or strain rate. A parameter-free model based on the Lockhart law quantitatively predicts how the force at the obstacle modifies several features of the growth distribution (length of the growth zone, maximal elemental elongation rate, velocity) during the first 10 minutes. These results suggest a strong similarity of the early growth responses elicited either by a directional stress (contact) or by an isotropic perturbation (hyperosmotic bath).</p>
Data supplement for "Wetting dynamics under periodic switching on different scales: Characterization and mechanisms"
<p>Data set and python code to recreate the figures of "Wetting dynamics under periodic switching on different scales: Characterization and mechanisms". Additionally, it includes the oomph-lib Code to reproduce the data for the simulations in the mesoscopic thin-film model.</p>
Visualization and quantification of carbon 'rusty sink' by rice root iron plaque: mechanisms, functions, and global implications
<p><span>Paddies contain 78% higher organic carbon (C) stocks than adjacent upland soils, and iron (Fe) plaque formation on rice roots is one of the mechanisms that traps C. The process sequence, extent and global relevance of this C stabilization mechanism under oxic/anoxic conditions remains unclear. We quantified and localized the contribution of Fe plaque to C stabilization in a microoxic area (</span><span>rice </span><span>rhizosphere) and</span> <span>evaluated the role of this C trap toward global C sequestration in paddy soils. Visualization and localization of pH by imaging with planar optodes, enzyme activities by zymography,</span> <span>and root exudation by 14C imaging, as well as upscale modeling enabled linkage of three groups of rhizosphere processes that are responsible for C stabilization from the micro- (root) to the macro- (ecosystem) level. The 14C activity in soil (reflecting stabilization of rhizodeposits) with Fe2+ addition was 1.4−1.5 times higher than that in the control and phosphate addition soils. Perfect co-localization of the hotspots of β-glucosidase activity (by zymography) with exudation showed that labile C and high enzyme activities were localized within Fe plaques. </span><span>Fe</span><span>2+</span> <span>addition </span><span>to </span><span>soil and its</span><span> microbial oxidation to Fe3+ by radial oxygen release from rice roots increased </span><span>Fe</span><span> plaque (Fe3+) formation by 1.7−2.5 times. The C trapped</span><span> by </span><span>Fe plaque was 1.1 times higher after Fe2+ addition. Therefore, Fe plaque formed from amorphous and complex Fe on root surface act as a "rusty sink" for C. Upscaling by model revealed the global significance of C preservation within Fe3+ complexes in paddy soils. Considering the area of coverage of paddy soils globally, radial oxygen loss from roots and bacterial Fe oxidation may trap up to 130 Mg C in Fe plaques per rice season. This represents an important annual surplus of new and stable C to the existing C pool</span> <span>under long-term rice cropping.</span></p>
Sectoral coverage and prices of carbon pricing mechanisms introduced since 1990
<p>Over the last 30 years, the number of jurisdictions that have implemented a carbon pricing mechanism has grown significantly. Today, 43 national and 32 subnational jurisdictions have such a mechanism in at least one sector. However, a standardized and centralized record of the sectoral scope and prices applied to CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by these mechanisms is lacking.</p> <p>This dataset provides an essential contribution to filling that gap. It covers mechanisms introduced since 1990 at the national and subnational levels and is the most comprehensive attempt at providing a systematic description of carbon pricing mechanisms in terms of their sectoral (and fuel) scope and the associated price signal.</p> <p>A key feature of this dataset is that it provides information structured by territorial jurisdiction, not carbon pricing mechanism. This is achieved by mapping information available for each mechanism onto jurisdictions. It should prove of interest to a wide range of parties, including academic researchers, policy analysts, and interested civil society organizations.</p>
M-cube-wustl and Sadtler group/Metastable Bi2Se3 growth mechanism
<p>Raw data and code for "Spontaneous Seed Formation During Electrodeposition Drives Epitaxial Growth of Metastable Bismuth Selenide Microcrystals"</p>
Morphing of Stiffness-Heterogeneous Liquid Crystal Elastomers Via Mechanical Training and Locally Controlled Photopolymerization
<p>This dataset contains experimental and simulation data that support the findings of the study.</p> <p>Experimental data: stress-strain tests of highly crosslinked and lightly crosslinked liquid crystal elastomers.</p> <p>Simulation data: Codes (user element subroutine, .inp files) used for the finite element modeling of liquid crystal elastomer structures using the commercial software ABAQUS/Implicit.</p>
Encapsulation Enhances the Catalytic Activity of C-N Coupling: Reaction Mechanism of a Cu(I)/Calix[8]arene Supramolecular Catalyst - XYZ Structure files
<p>XYZ Structures corresponding to DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200662</p>
Binding Energies of Interstellar Relevant S-bearing Species on Water Ice Mantles: A Quantum Mechanical Investigation
<p>This Supporting Material contains:</p> <ul> <li>Fractional coordinates of DFT optimized adsorption complexes for crystalline periodic ice models in <a href="https://www.moldraw.unito.it/_sgg/m1m1s43_1.htm">.mol</a> format, editable with <a href="http://www.moldraw.unito.it/">MOLDRAW</a>, using <a href="http://www.crystal.unito.it/">CRYSTAL17</a> computer code;</li> <li>Fractional coordinates of HF-3c optimized adsorption complexes for amorphous periodic ice models in <a href="https://www.moldraw.unito.it/_sgg/m1m1s43_1.htm">.mol</a> format, editable with <a href="http://www.moldraw.unito.it/">MOLDRAW</a>, using <a href="http://www.crystal.unito.it/">CRYSTAL17</a> computer code;</li> <li>Images of the adsorption features at crystalline periodic ice models, in which electrostatic potential maps, spin density maps (when available) and vibrational features are displayed;</li> <li>A pdf file with a thorough guide to the computation of BEs and the basis sets employed for the calculations.</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Morphological and genetic mechanisms underlying the plasticity of the coral Porites astreoides across depths in Bermuda
<p>This data repository contains the raw data used in the morphological analyses for "Morphological and genetic mechanisms underlying the plasticity of the coral Porites astreoides across depths in Bermuda" </p> <ul> <li><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2023.108036" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.1016/j.jsb.2023.108036</a></li> </ul>
Mechanisms of the Non-uniform Breach Morphology Evolution of Landslide Dams Composed of Unconsolidated Sediments During Overtopping Failure
<p>Data that can be used to replicate and validate the results presented here are available through the upload file.</p> <p>Data access will be available upon request prior to official publication of this work.</p>
A mechanism for red coloration in vertebrates
<p>Red coloration is a salient feature of the natural world. Many vertebrates produce red color by converting dietary yellow carotenoids into red ketocarotenoids via an unknown mechanism. Here, we show that two enzymes, cytochrome P450 2J19 (CYP2J19) and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1-like (BDH1L), are sufficient to catalyze this conversion. In birds, both enzymes are expressed at sites of ketocarotenoid biosynthesis (feather follicles and red cone photoreceptors), and genetic evidence implicates these enzymes in yellow/red color variation in feathers. In fish, homologs of CYP2J19 and BDH1L are required for ketocarotenoid production, and we show that these enzymes are sufficient to produce ketocarotenoids in cell culture and when ectopically expressed in fish skin. Finally, we demonstrate that the red-cone-enriched tetratricopeptide repeat protein 39B (TTC39B) enhances ketocarotenoid production when co-expressed with CYP2J19 and BDH1L. The discovery of this mechanism of ketocarotenoid biosynthesis has major implications for understanding the evolution of color diversity in vertebrates.</p>
A field test of mechanisms underpinning animal diversity in recently burned landscapes
<p>1. Planned burning generates different types of pyrodiversity, however, experimental tests of how alternative spatial patterns of burning influence animal communities remain rare. Field tests are needed to understand the mechanisms through which spatial variation in planned fire affects fauna, and how fire can be applied to benefit biodiversity.</p> <p>2. We tested five hypotheses of how fire-driven variation in habitat composition and configuration affects fauna at fine scales. Small mammal, reptile and invasive predator activity was monitored at 12 burnt and eight unburnt sites through the year following a large, planned burn in semi-arid 'mallee' woodlands of southern Australia. We explored measures of burnt or unburnt habitat ("habitat status"); amount of unburnt vegetation ("habitat amount"); interspersion of burnt and unburnt patches ("habitat complementation"); distance to external or internal unburnt vegetation ("habitat connectivity"); and unburnt patch size and local vegetation cover ("habitat refuge"). Generalized linear models were used to test the influence of each variable on capture rate of three small mammal and 11 reptile species; activity of the introduced red fox (Vulpes vulpes); and species richness of native animals.</p> <p>3. We found strong support for the habitat status hypothesis and moderate support for four hypotheses relating to spatial patterns of fire. Reptile assemblages varied between burnt and unburnt sites, and relationships were identified between abundance of one or more reptile species and each measure of spatial variation. Reptile species richness was higher at unburnt sites and at sites with more unburnt vegetation in the surrounding area. Sites that were less connected to unburnt vegetation had fewer reptile species. Mammals did not have clear relationships with fine-scale fire patterns.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications: Application of planned fire to promote biodiversity is globally important. We show that retaining unburnt areas and well-connected habitat refuges is important for reptile diversity. We also found that several species of small mammals and reptiles appear resilient to the fine-scale patterns of planned fire experienced in this study, despite activity of introduced predators. The diversity of animals can remain relatively high in areas subject to planned fire, provided that internal and external habitat refuges are retained.</p>
Real-time magnetic resonance imaging to study orthostatic intolerance mechanisms in human beings: Proof of concept
<p>This dataset was acquired at DLR, Cologne, Germany. The study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by the local ethics committee. All subjects gave written informed consent.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Data acquisition</strong><br> <em>MRI data</em></p> <p>All MR images were acquired on a Siemens 3T mMR Biograph using cardiac, spine and head coils. The scanning protocol consisted of the following sequences.</p> <ul> <li><strong>MPI70_SA20_FOV320_16X6MM_33MS</strong>: cardiac real-time MRI of the short axis (TR=2.56 ms; TE=1.62 ms; FA= 10°; 1.6x1.6 mm; 6 mm slice thickness; 20 slices; FoV320x320 mm; radial spokes 13)</li> <li><strong>MPI70_TP_PCMV100_FOV320_15X6MM_33MS</strong>: blood flow real-time MRI of the pulmonary trunk (TR=3.33 ms; TE=2.24 ms; FA= 10°; 1.5x1.5 mm; 6 mm slice thickness; FoV=320x320 mm; VENC=100 cm/s; radial spokes 5)</li> <li><strong>MPI70_PCMV100_FOV192_075X6MM_80MS:</strong> blood flow real-time MRI of the middle cerebral artery (TR=4.44 ms; TE=3.10 ms; FA= 12°; 0.75x0.75 mm; 6 mm slice thickness; FoV=192x192 mm; VENC=100 cm/s; radial spokes 9)</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Cinematic real-time MRI of the short axis view and blood flow measurements of the pulmonary trunk and in the left and right middle cerebral artery were acquired at baseline and during -30mmHg LBNP.</p> <p> </p> <p>Video files:</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7066642/files/Series_040_mpi70_SA20_FOV320_16x6mm_33ms_Slice_14.wmv?download=1">https://zenodo.org/record/7066642/files/Series_040_mpi70_SA20_FOV320_16x6mm_33ms_Slice_14.wmv?download=1</a></p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7066642/files/Series_103_mpi70_SA20_FOV320_16x6mm_33ms_Slice_14.wmv?download=1">https://zenodo.org/record/7066642/files/Series_103_mpi70_SA20_FOV320_16x6mm_33ms_Slice_14.wmv?download=1</a></p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Does mechanical loading restore ligament biomechanics after injury? A systematic review of studies using animal models
<p>This RevMan file accompanies our manuscript entitled "Does mechanical loading restore ligament biomechanics after injury? A systematic review of studies using animal models" published in <em>BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders</em>.</p> <p>The file hosts all outcomes (i.e., including tertiary outcomes) under "Data and analyses", as well as more detailed forest plots under "Figures". </p>
Use of A Molecular Switch Probe to Activate or Inhibit GIRK1 Heteromers In Silico Reveals a Novel Gating Mechanism
<p>GIRK channel structure models (PDB structure files) used for Molecular Dynamics simulations.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.