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opennotspecifiedApr 2014View details →

FIGURES 1–16 in Valve morphology of three species of Neidiomorpha (Bacillariophyceae) from Zoigê Wetland, China, including description of Neidiomorpha sichuaniana nov. sp.

FIGURES 1–16. LM micrographs of Neidiomorpha sichuaniana, N. binodis and N. binodifomis. Figs 1–7: Neidiomorpha sichuaniana. Fig 2: Holotype specimen. Figs 8–13: Neidiomorpha binodis. Figs 14–16: Neidiomorpha binodifomis. Scale bars = 10µm.

opennotspecifiedMar 2014View details →

Figure 3 in Diversity of aquatic bird species in a wetland complex in southern Chile

Figure 3. Similarity tree-diagram of the Lanalhue Lake wetland complex in southern Chile. Lanalhue lake is an independent habitat category (lacustrine wetland) within the whole study area.

opennotspecifiedMar 2014View details →

Figure 2 in Diversity of aquatic bird species in a wetland complex in southern Chile

Figure 2. Variation in the abundance of aquatic bird specimens in Lanalhue Lake wetland, Chile between winter 2005 and summer 2008.

opennotspecifiedJun 2013View details →

Figure 1 in Biting midges (Ceratopogonidae: Diptera) present in aquatic macrophytes from wetlands of Marchantaria Island, Iranduba, Central Amazonia, Brazil

Figure 1. (A) overview of Marchantaria Island, macrophyte species studied; (B) Eichhornia crassipes; (C) Pistia stratiotes and (D) Salvinia auriculata. Photographs by S.R.S. Torreias and U.G. Neiss.

opennotspecifiedJun 2013View details →

Figure 2 in Biting midges (Ceratopogonidae: Diptera) present in aquatic macrophytes from wetlands of Marchantaria Island, Iranduba, Central Amazonia, Brazil

Figure 2. Map of sampling on Lago Grande and Lago Camaleão in wetlands at Ilha da Marchantaria, Iranduba, Amazonas. Note: modified from Kunth (1995).

Figure 4 in Factors influencing anuran distribution in coastal dune wetlands in southern Brazil

Figure 4. Canonical correspondence analysis ordination biplot (CCA) with tadpoles species composition related to the studied wetlands and structural complexity descriptors. First axis is horizontal, second axis vertical. O = wetlands, Hp, Hypsiboas pulchellus; Lg, Leptodactylus gracilis; Lo, L. ocellatus; Pb, Physalaemus biligonigerus; Pg, Physalaemus gracilis; Pm, Pseudis minuta; Ra, Rhinella arenarum; Rd, R. dorbignyi. Variables: A, wetland area; CV, vegetation cover; ME, emergent macrophytes; MF, floating macrophytes; MS, months of drought.

Figure 3 in Factors influencing anuran distribution in coastal dune wetlands in southern Brazil

Figure 3. Canonical correspondence analysis ordination biplot (CCA) with adult anuran species composition related to the studied wetlands and structural complexity descriptors. First axis is horizontal, second axis vertical. O, wetlands; Hp, Hypsiboas pulchellus; Lg, Leptodactylus gracilis; Lo, L. ocellatus, Om, Odontophrynus maisuma; Pb, Physalaemus biligonigerus; Pg, Physalaemus gracilis; Pm, Pseudis minuta; Pf, Pseudopaludicola falcipes; Ra, Rhinella arenarum. Variables: A, wetland area; ME, emergent macrophytes; MP, macroinvertebrate predators; MS, months of drought.

Figure 2 in Factors influencing anuran distribution in coastal dune wetlands in southern Brazil

Figure 2. Mean anuran abundance of coastal dune wetlands in southern Brazil, from October 2007 to August 2008, considering tadpoles (A) and adults (B): P, permanent; TL, long-term temporary; TS, short-term temporary.

Figure 1 in Factors influencing anuran distribution in coastal dune wetlands in southern Brazil

Figure 1. Mean anuran richness of coastal dune wetlands in southern Brazil, from October 2007 to August 2008, considering tadpoles (A) and adults (B): P, permanent; TL, long-term temporary; TS, short-term temporary.

opennotspecifiedDec 2011View details →

Fig. 2 in Collecting Insects Associated with Wetland Vegetation: An Improved Design for a Floating Pitfall Trap

Fig. 2. Trap in situ, approximately 0.5 m deep water with surface covered by aquatic macrophytes and debris.

opennotspecifiedDec 2011View details →

Fig. 1 in Collecting Insects Associated with Wetland Vegetation: An Improved Design for a Floating Pitfall Trap

Fig. 1. Line drawing depicting our design for an improved floating pitfall trap (with gardening stake at left). Lead weights are not depicted in the jar.

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

Low reproductive success of the endangered Iberá Seedeater in its only known breeding site, the Iberá Wetlands, Argentina

<div class="page"> <div class="section"> <div class="layoutArea"> <div class="column"> Subtropical grasslands are highly susceptible to habitat conversion and number among South America's most threatened ecosystems. The grasslands of northeastern Argentina have been identified as a priority conservation area for threatened capuchino seedeaters because they constitute the main breeding area of these migratory birds. The Iberá Seedeater (Sporophila iberaensis) is a newly described species in the Iberá Wetlands in Argentina whose biology is still poorly understood. The endangered species inhabits grasslands, but has only been reported to breed in the Iberá Wetlands ecoregion of northeastern Argentina. To explore the species' association with grassland vegetation, we studied the breeding biology (clutch size, hatching success, and fledgling production) of the Iberá Seedeater and the main parameters that influence nest survival and nest site selection. We conducted nest searches and banded adults and nestlings in Iberá National Park during the breeding seasons of 2016-2018. The breeding season of the Iberá Seedeater was highly synchronous and the cumulative probability of nest survival was 0.16. The daily nest survival rate decreased as the breeding season advanced, survival was lower for nests supported by Rhynchospora corymbosa than Paspalum durifolium, the two main nest substrates, and the main causes of nest failure were nest predation and strong winds. Additionally, the population exhibited male-biased site fidelity and a low female return rate. In contrast to other capuchinos, whose breeding biology is associated with upland grasslands, the Iberá Seedeater nested exclusively in flooded lowland grasslands on marsh plants. Thus, effective lowland grassland management is key to maintain the vegetation structure required for reproduction in the Iberá Seedeater. </div> </div> </div> </div>

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

An invasive species erodes the performance of coastal wetland protected areas

The world has increasingly relied upon protected areas (PAs) to rescue highly valued ecosystems from human activities, but whether PAs will fare well with bioinvasions remains unknown. By analyzing three decades of seven largest coastal PAs in China, including multiple World Natural Heritage and/or Wetlands of International Importance sites, we show that although PAs are achieving success in rescuing iconic wetlands and critical shorebird habitats from once widespread reclamation, this success is counteracted by escalating plant invasions. Plant invasions were not only more extensive in PAs than non-PA controls, but also undermined PA performance by, without human intervention, irreversibly replacing expansive native wetlands (primarily mudflats), and precluding successional formation of new native marshes. Exotic species are invading PAs globally. This rare study across large spatiotemporal scales highlights that the consequences of bioinvasions for humanity's major conservation tool may be more profound, far-reaching and critical for management than currently recognized.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →

Data and model code for study: Mechanistic modelling of marsh seedling establishment provides a positive outlook for coastal wetland restoration under global climate change

This folder will include data and model code for study: Mechanistic modelling of marsh seedling establishment provides a positive outlook for coastal wetland restoration under global climate change.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Road salt inputs alter biogeochemistry but not plant community composition in exurban forested wetlands

Forested wetlands of the temperate north are increasingly exposed to deicing salts, but it is unclear how this may alter wetland biogeochemistry and plant community composition. To investigate potential effects of deicing salts on exurban forested wetlands in southern New England, we employed a multi-site field study to describe spatiotemporal patterns of soil physiochemical, water quality, and vegetation characteristics with distance from road deicing salt source. We surveyed nine road-adjacent, red maple-dominated wetlands to quantify a suite of soil parameters (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), heavy metals, N, P, soil moisture), as well as surface and groundwater salinity, and vegetation communities. With increasing distance from roads along 165-m transects penetrating into each wetland, soil salinity (EC, Na+) decreased, while soil base cation concentrations (Mg2+, Ca2+) increased, likely due to cation exchange (Na+ displacing other base cations). <a name="_Hlk73441264">We also measured foliar chemistry and observed elevated Na+ and reduced Mg2+ of dominant species leaf tissue near roads, suggesting plant nutrient uptake responds to road-salt related changes in soil physicochemical variables. </a>Despite this, we did not detect differences in plant community composition (ground, shrub layers) along road-salt induced soil chemistry gradients in the field, likely because surface and ground water salinities were relatively low (maximum: 0.64 ppt). To determine at which field salinities we could potentially expect changes in wetland plant communities, we conducted a full-factorial, manipulative seed bank experiment to examine how NaCl concentration (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 parts per thousand (ppt)), frequency of salt exposure (pulse, constant) and water level (surface, 2-cm below surface) affected soil seed bank responses. Seedling richness was reduced at salinities exceeding 1 ppt, and seedling density was reduced above 2 ppt, but pulsing tended to alleviate salt-induced reductions in seed bank responses. As salinization of freshwater ecosystems continues to increase, our results suggest that field salinity levels of exurban New England forested wetlands are nearing yet still typically below the threshold for which we expect to see strong plant community responses.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Data for: Inundation depth stimulates plant-mediated CH4 emissions by increasing ecosystem carbon uptake and plant height in an estuarine wetland

Plant-mediated CH4 emission is an important part of the ecosystem CH4 emission from vegetated wetlands. Inundation depth may alter the potential magnitude of CH4 releases by changing CH4 production and plant transport, but the relationships between plant-mediated CH4 emissions and inundation depth are still uncertain, especially for estuarine wetlands with changeable hydrological processes. Besides, there are conflicting results regarding the role of inundation depth in plant-mediated CH4 emissions. Here we conducted a novel inundation depth experiment (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm inundation depth) dominated by Phragmites australis in the Yellow River estuary, China. Soil CH4 emissions, ecosystem CH4 emissions, net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE), soil organic carbon (SOC) and plant traits were measured during the growing seasons of 2018, 2019 and 2020. Plant-mediated CH4 emissions were the difference between ecosystem CH4 emissions and soil CH4 emissions. The results showed that inundation depth decreased soil CH4 emissions but increased ecosystem CH4 emissions. Plant-mediated CH4 transport from Phragmites australis accounted for 99% of total ecosystem CH4 emissions under different inundation depths. Inundation depth strongly stimulated plant-mediated CH4 emission from 0 to 20 cm during the growing seasons. The increased net ecosystem CO2 exchange enhanced plant-mediated CH4 emissions by altering production, suggesting that carbon components derived from photosynthetic carbon input may benefit CH4 production. Additionally, the increased plant height promoted CH4 emission by regulating plant transport, indicating that plant traits may play an important role in transport of CH4. Our findings indicated that NEE and plant height play an important role in plant-mediated CH4 emissions under different inundation depths in estuarine wetland. This study also highlights that hydrological regimes and plant traits are essential for the estimation of CH4 emissions in future projections of global wetland changes.

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

Modeling wetland functions: Is space-to-time substitution of perimeter-area relation appropriate?

Wetlands' morphometric or shape properties such as their area and perimeter impact a multitude of ecosystem functions and services. However, current models used to quantify these functions often only use area as an independent variable, as the static area and perimeter of different wetlands have been found to be closely related. The study uses monthly satellite-based inundation maps to assess the temporal covariation of geographically isolated wetlands' perimeter and surface area. The results show that using static representations of wetlands to evaluate temporal dynamic perimeter-area relations can introduce significant discrepancies and that these discrepancies can be reduced if evaluations using static data are performed separately for each wetlandscape. The study concludes that current models that use implicit area-perimeter relations based on static wetland representations should be used with caution and that incorporating perimeter-area relations from temporally dynamic data can improve wetland function estimates.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

Data of global wetland carbon sinks

A database of the annual net ecosystem production (NEP) across global wetlands. In total, the database comprised 2,385 observations of annual NEP data across global wetlands.

opennotspecifiedMar 2019View details →

FIG. 1 in Factors Influencing Anuran Wetland Occupancy in an Agricultural Landscape

FIG. 1.—Site map: (a) depicts Iowa̕s location within the United States (indicated by gray shading), (b) depicts the location of counties where the study took place within Iowa (indicated by gray shading), and (c) depicts the locations of the 27 wetland study sites with land cover information. This map was created using ArcGIS (v.10.5.1; ESRI 2018).