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12,662 results for “linking”
FIGURE 3 in The Imaginal Characters of Cincticostella gosei (Allen, 1975) linking the genus Cincticostella Allen, 1971 to Ephacerella Paclt, 1994 (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae)
FIGURE 3. Imagos and subimagos of Cincticostella gosei (digital photos): A. Male imago; B. Female imago; C. Male subimago; D. Female subimago.
FIGURE 1 in The Imaginal Characters of Cincticostella gosei (Allen, 1975) linking the genus Cincticostella Allen, 1971 to Ephacerella Paclt, 1994 (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae)
FIGURE 1. Nymph and mouthparts of Cincticostella gosei (digital photos): A. Habitus in dorsal view; B. Head capsule; C. Labrum (dorsal view); D. Hypopharynx (ventral view); E. Right mandible; F. Left mandible; G. Maxilla; H. Labium (ventral view).
FIGURE 2 in The Imaginal Characters of Cincticostella gosei (Allen, 1975) linking the genus Cincticostella Allen, 1971 to Ephacerella Paclt, 1994 (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae)
FIGURE 2. Nymphal characters of Cincticostella gosei (digital photos): A. Foreleg (dorsal view); B. Midleg (dorsal view); C. Hindleg (dorsal view); D. Fore femur (dorsal view); E. Middle femur (dorsal view); F. Hind femur (dorsal view); G. Gill I (ventral view); H. Gill II (ventral view); I. Gill III (ventral view); J. Gill IV (ventral view); K. Gill V (ventral view); L. Hindleg claw.
Linking genetic, morphological, and behavioural divergence between inland island and mainland deer mice
<p>The island syndrome hypothesis (ISH) stipulates that, as a result of local selection pressures and restricted gene flow, individuals from island populations should differ from individuals within mainland populations. Specifically, island populations are predicted to contain individuals that are larger, less aggressive, more sociable, and that invest more in their offspring. To date, tests of the ISH have mainly compared oceanic islands to continental sites, and rarely smaller spatial scales such as inland watersheds. Here, using a novel set of genome-wide SNP markers in wild deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) we conducted a genomic assessment of predictions underlying the ISH in an inland riverine island system: analysing island-mainland population structure, and quantifying heritability of phenotypes thought to underlie the ISH. We found clear genomic differentiation between island and mainland populations and moderate to high marker-based heritability estimates fo r overall variation in traits previously found to differ in line with the ISH between mainland and island locations. FST outlier analyses highlighted 12 loci associated with differentiation between mainland and island populations. Together these results suggest that the island populations examined are on independent evolutionary trajectories, the traits considered have a genetic basis (rather than phenotypic variation being solely due to phenotypic plasticity). Coupled with the previous results showing significant phenotypic differentiation between island and mainland groups in this system, this study suggests that the ISH can hold even on a small spatial scale.</p>
Data-Linking remote sensing data to the estimation of pollination services in agroecosystems
<p>Wild bees are key providers of pollination services in agroecosystems. The abundance of these pollinators, and the service they provide, relies on the availability of supporting resources in the landscape. Because of this, spatially explicit models have been developed to quantify wild bee abundance and pollination services in food crops, while accounting for the influence of locally available foraging and nesting resources. However, model implementation is limited by the availability of land cover maps and experts on pollinators capable of establishing the quality of local habitats for pollinators. In this study, we present how remote sensing data can be linked to the estimation of wild bee abundance, and act as an alternative to the conventional use of land cover maps and local expertise in spatially explicit models estimating pollination services. For this, we used landscape characteristics derived from remote sensors to qualify nesting resources in the landscape and thereafter estimate the delivery of pollination services by mining bees (<i>Andrena</i> spp.) in 30 fruit orchards located in the Flemish region of Belgium. Mining bees were selected for this study for their major role as local pollinators and underground nesting habits. Estimated pollination services were compared with those derived from conventional qualifications of nesting resources and showed no significant differences (P=0.68) in the amount of explained variation in activity of mining bees on the studied orchards. Estimates derived from remote sensing data and conventional inputs explaining 69% and 72% of the total variation, respectively. These results confirmed that remote sensing data can deliver nesting suitability characterizations suitable for the estimation of pollination services, This research also illustrates the relevance of nesting resources and highlights the importance of considering soil resources in the estimation of pollination services provided by pollinators like mining bees. Our results support the development of holistic agro-environmental policies that rely on the use of modern tools like remote sensors and promote pollinators by considering nesting resources.</p>
Data linked to publication entitled "Biochar derived from Acai agroindustry waste enhances nutritional status and biomass in young Eucalyptus urophylla plants: Evidence connected to root development and leaf performance"
<p>Data linked to publication entitled "Biochar derived from Acai agroindustry waste enhances nutritional status and biomass in young Eucalyptus urophylla plants: Evidence connected to root development and leaf performance"</p>
Source data for "In-degree centrality in a social network is linked to coordinated neural activity"
<p>The following includes the source data for the manuscript titled "In-degree centrality in a social network is linked to coordinated neural activity". A second version of the source data ("Source Data_updated_011222.xlsx") includes the source data for the figures in the supplementary materials.</p>
Linking genetic diversity and species diversity through plant-soil feedback
<p>Genetic diversity and species diversity are typically studied in isolation despite theory showing they likely influence one another. Here, we used simplified communities of one or two populations of one or two species to test whether linkages between genetic and species diversity can be mediated by interactions between plants and their soil microbiota, or microbe-mediated plant-soil feedback (PSF). Interspecific PSF promotes the maintenance of species diversity when plants grow better with heterospecific soil microbes than with conspecific microbes. Similarly, intraspecific PSF promotes the maintenance of genetic diversity when plants grow better with heterogenotypic than with congenotypic microbes. In a two-generation greenhouse experiment, we conditioned the soil microbial community with pairs of plants that were either two individuals of the same species (lower species diversity) or one individual of each of two species (higher species diversity), and with pairs of plants that were either two individuals from the same population (lower genetic diversity) or one individual from each of two populations (higher genetic diversity). We then tested the effects of these microbial communities on plant growth in a second generation. We found that higher genetic diversity reduced the ability of interspecific PSF to promote plant species diversity, and for one of our two study species, higher species diversity reduced the ability of intraspecific PSF to promote plant genetic diversity. If these patterns occur in more diverse communities, then our results suggest that PSF may dampen the negative effects of diversity loss by promoting diversity at other levels of biological organization.</p>
Maintenance of phenotypic plasticity is linked to oxidative stress in spadefoot toad larvae
<p class="MsoNormal">Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to improve the match between their phenotype and heterogeneous environments. Theoretical models have argued that costs of maintaining the sensory and response machinery necessary for adaptive phenotypic plasticity are important determinants to the evolution of plasticity. Despite recurrent arguments invoking putative metabolic costs associated with maintenance of cellular machinery, no studies have yet attempted to quantify it from a molecular standpoint. Here we experimentally examine physiological differences across genotypes (sibships) of spadefoot toad larvae with different degrees of plasticity in response to predator cues. We observed marked differences across sibships in developmental, growth and morphological responses to predators, and tested whether increased plasticity was associated with oxidative stress or immune suppression. We observed that more plastic sibships experienced higher antioxidant enzymatic activity when reared in the absence of predator cues, i.e. not expressing their plastic responses. The degree of plasticity was also associated with higher lipid peroxidation and slightly greater granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio. Higher antioxidant activity in highly plastic sibships suggests that maintenance of phenotypic plasticity may be linked to energy demanding metabolic processes. Our findings suggest that having the potential to produce plastic responses may incur oxidative and immunological costs. In the long term, such maintenance costs may erode individual fitness and even constrain the evolution of plasticity. To our knowledge, this is the first empirical evidence indicating the existence of a physiological cost to the maintenance of phenotypic plasticity.</p>
A strong statistical link between aerosol indirect effects and the self-similarity of rainfall distributions
<p>Supporting data for "A strong statistical link between aerosol indirect effects and the self-similarity of rainfall distributions". Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1–17, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1-2022.</p>
Combining SNP-to-gene linking strategies to pinpoint disease genes and assess disease omnigenicity
<p>Datasets used and generated in "Combining SNP-to-gene linking strategies to pinpoint disease genes and assess disease omnigenicity".</p>
Elternhaus) auf Grossbasel mit der Martinskirche (links). Aufnahme: vor 1875. Foto: Várady. Bildquelle: StABS. Signatur NEG A 1076. in Das vergessene Leben des Entomologen Albert Müller aus Basel
Elternhaus) auf Grossbasel mit der Martinskirche (links). Aufnahme: vor 1875. Foto: Várady. Bildquelle: StABS. Signatur NEG A 1076.
Linked Pipe: Linked Open Time
<p>A Linked Pipe for Linked Open Time using R, Alligator and AMT.</p>
Linking alternative reproductive tactics and habitat selection in Northern chamois
In polygynous ungulates, males may achieve fertilization through the use of alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs), discrete phenotypic variations evolved to maximize fitness. ARTs are often associated with different male spatial strategies during the rut, from territoriality to female-following. Although variation in space use patterns of rutting male ungulates is known to be largely affected by the spatial distribution of females, information on the year-round habitat selection of alternative reproductive types is scant. Here, we investigate the seasonal variation in habitat choice of a large mammal with ARTs (territoriality and non-territoriality), the Northern chamois Rupicapra rupicapra. Global Positioning System (GPS) data on 28 adult males were collected between February 2010 and December 2013 in the Gran Paradiso National Park (Italy), and used to fit resource selection functions to explore the ART-specific use of key topographic features such as elevation, aspect and slope, and vegetation phenology expressed as NDVI values. Territorial and non-territorial chamois profoundly differed in their habitat selection not only during the rutting season. Compared to non-territorial males, territorial males used lower elevations in summer and autumn, preferred southern slopes in spring and summer, and used steeper areas in summer but not in winter. We found no difference in seasonal selection of NDVI values between males adopting ARTs. Our results suggest that territorial males tend to occupy warmer, lower-food-quality habitats in late spring and summer, whereas non-territorial males are free to follow and exploit vegetation phenology and more favourable temperatures. Different patterns of habitat selection may reflect different trade-offs between the optimisation of energy balances throughout the year and the increase of mating opportunities during the rut in males adopting alternative reproductive tactics.
Record low Arctic sea ice extent in 2012 linked to two-year La Niña-driven sea surface temperature pattern
<p class="Abstract"><span>Arctic summer sea ice decline accelerated from the mid-2000s to 2012, with the 2012 record low remaining unbroken. While frequent La Niña events during this period have been suggested as a driver of this trend acceleration, no convincing evidence has been presented. Here, using a climate model nudged to observed pan-tropical sea surface temperatures (SST), we show that the back-to-back La Niña events during 2010–2011, followed by a North Pacific cooling and a marginal El Niño, were a key contribution to the 2012 record low. Specifically, the La Niña events in 2010–2011 warmed the Arctic Pacific sector, whereas tropical SST anomalies in 2012 strengthened the Greenland high pressure, leading to an Arctic dipole-like pressure pattern and strengthening of transpolar ice drift. These Arctic temperature and circulation anomalies led to the record low sea ice extent in 2012, highlighting the strong influence of tropical SSTs on Arctic climate.</span></p>
Even short-term revegetation complicates soil food webs and strengths their links with ecosystem functions
<p>Degradation of dryland ecosystems is a worldwide problem caused by climate change and human activities. To restore these degraded ecosystems, governments have implemented projects that often include revegetation, but we still lack an understanding of how soil food webs and ecosystem functions are affected by revegetation. By conducting a large-scale revegetation experiment under two degradation intensities (low and high) on the Inner Mongolian degraded grassland, we tested the effects of revegetation on primary producers (plants), key components of soil food webs (bacteria, fungi, and nematodes), and ecosystem functions (soil C and N mineralization). After 4 years, revegetation greatly increased the biomass of plants and soil bacteria and fungi but had less effects on soil nematode functional groups. Revegetation increased vegetation and bacterial diversities and soil C and N mineralization rates, altered the structures of vegetation and soil microbial communities, but did not affect fungal or nematode diversity. The stronger effects of revegetation on plants, soil bacteria, soil fungi, and soil nematodes in plots with low degradation intensity than in plots with high degradation intensity indicated that future revegetation efforts should consider the degree of degradation. Revegetation also increased the interactions among plants, soil food webs, and ecosystem functions, indicating that the revegetation-induced changes in soil food webs could facilitate the recovery of soil nutrients and vegetation productivity in degraded grasslands. Synthesis and applications. Overall, the effects of revegetation were stronger on plants (primary producers) and soil microorganisms (intermediate trophic levels) than on soil nematodes (higher trophic levels), and even short-term revegetation increased the complexity of soil food webs and strengthened their relationships with soil functions in degraded grasslands. These results highlight the effects of restoration on multiple trophic levels in degraded drylands, and suggest that some aspects of plant-soil interactions in global drylands could be rapidly improved by appropriate restoration.</p>
Natal dispersal does not entail survival costs but is linked to breeding dispersal in a migratory shorebird, the southern dunlin Calidris alpina schinzii
<p>The costs and benefits of dispersal are often assessed by comparing fitness between dispersing and non-dispersing individuals. Importantly, individuals that disperse between their natal and first breeding site may subsequently be more likely to disperse between breeding sites compared to those that remained philopatric to their natal site. Such within-individual consistency in dispersal behaviour can bias local survival estimation, and thus the survival comparison between dispersing and non-dispersing individuals, if breeding dispersal leads to permanent emigration from the study area. We examined whether adult survival correlates with natal dispersal in a migratory shorebird, the southern dunlin (Calidris alpina schinzii), in two isolated patchy populations where permanent emigration is expected to be extremely rare. To assess whether local adult survival could be biased by non-random breeding dispersal, we analysed between-patch breeding dispersal probability and quantified within-individual consistency in dispersal. Among females, natal dispersers were more likely to disperse again as adults compared to non-dispersers, while no difference was observed in males which were always highly site faithful. Yet, adult survival did not differ between natal dispersing and non-dispersing individuals in either sex. Breeding dispersal probability was higher in failed compared to successful breeders. Breeding dispersal often resulted in dispersal back to the natal patch, i.e. delayed natal philopatry. Our results suggest no survival costs of dispersal after first reproduction. Despite individual consistency, survival estimates of dispersing individuals were not biased because nearly all available breeding habitat was covered. We show that consistency in dispersal can occur even in site faithful species like the southern dunlin. Studies of the effects of dispersal on survival should therefore account for within-individual consistency in dispersal if not all available breeding habitat is monitored in open populations. In particular, delayed natal philopatry may lead to biased local survival estimates for immigrants when compared with philopatric individuals.</p>
The Ordovician retroarc foreland basin on the Yangtze Block linked to the final assemblage of Gondwana
<p>Supplementary materials for the paper entitled<em><strong> </strong>The Ordovician retroarc foreland basin on the Yangtze Block linked to the final assemblage of Gondwana.</em></p>
Links between personality traits and problem-solving performance in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)
<p><span>Consistent individual differences in behaviour across time or contexts (i.e., personality types) have been found in many species and have implications for fitness. Likewise, individual variation in cognitive abilities has been shown to impact fitness. Cognition and personality are complex, multidimensional traits. However, p</span><span>revious work has generally examined the connection between a single personality trait and a single cognitive ability, yielding equivocal results. Links between personality and cognitive ability suggest that behavioural traits coevolved and highlight their nuanced connections. Here we examined individuals' performance on multiple personality tests and repeated problem-solving tests (each measuring innovative performance). </span>We assessed behavioural traits (dominance, boldness, activity, risk-taking, aggressiveness, and obstinacy) in 41 captive zebra finches. Birds' scores for boldness and obstinacy were consistent over two years. We also examined whether personality correlated with problem-solving performance on repeated tests. Our results indicate that neophobia, dominance, and obstinacy were related to successful solving, and less dominant, more obstinate birds solved the tasks quicker on average. Our results indicate the importance of examining multiple measures over a long period. <span>Future work that identifies links between personality and innovation in non-model organisms may elucidate the coevolution of these two forms of individual differences.</span></p>
Record-Breaking Precipitation in Indonesia's Capital Jakarta in January 2020 Linked to the Northerly Surge, Equatorial Waves, and MJO
<p>Collection of the dataset used in "Record-Breaking Precipitation in Indonesia's capital Jakarta in January 2020 Linked to the Northerly Surge, Equatorial Waves, and MJO" research letter [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL101513">https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL101513</a>]. The file consisted of rain gauges, radar reflectivity, atmospheric reanalysis model, blackbody temperature of clouds, bandpass filtered data, HYSPLIT backward trajectory data, and other supplement data.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.