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13,017 results for “Positionning”
Data from: Comparison of methodological quality of positive versus negative comparative studies published in Indian medical journals: a systematic review
Objectives: Published negative studies should have the same rigour of methodological quality as studies with positive findings. However, the methodological quality of negative versus positive studies is not known. The objective was to assess the reported methodological quality of positive versus negative studies published in Indian medical journals. Design: A systematic review (SR) was performed of all comparative studies published in Indian medical journals with a clinical science focus and impact factor >1 between 2011 and 2013. The methodological quality of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies. The results were considered positive if the primary outcome was statistically significant and negative otherwise. When the primary outcome was not specified, we used data on the first outcome reported in the history followed by the results section. Differences in various methodological quality domains between positive versus negative studies were assessed by Fisher's exact test. Results: Seven journals with 259 comparative studies were included in this SR. 24% (63/259) were RCTs, 24% (63/259) cohort studies, and 49% (128/259) case–control studies. 53% (137/259) of studies explicitly reported the primary outcome. Five studies did not report sufficient data to enable us to determine if results were positive or negative. Statistical significance was determined by p value in 78.3% (199/254), CI in 2.8% (7/254), both p value and CI in 11.8% (30/254), and only descriptive in 6.3% (16/254) of studies. The overall methodological quality was poor and no statistically significant differences between reporting of methodological quality were detected between studies with positive versus negative findings. Conclusions: There was no difference in the reported methodological quality of positive versus negative studies. However, the uneven reporting of positive versus negative studies (72% vs 28%) indicates a publication bias in Indian medical journals with an impact factor of >1.
Data from: Susceptibility to type 2 diabetes may be modulated by haplotypes in G6PC2, a target of positive selection
Background: The endoplasmic reticulum enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase catalyzes the common terminal reaction in the gluconeogenic/glycogenolytic pathways and plays a central role in glucose homeostasis. In most mammals, different G6PC subunits are encoded by three paralogous genes (G6PC, G6PC2, and G6PC3). Mutations in G6PC and G6PC3 are responsible for human mendelian diseases, whereas variants in G6PC2 are associated with fasting glucose (FG) levels. Results: We analyzed the evolutionary history of G6Pase genes. Results indicated that the three paralogs originated during early vertebrate evolution and that negative selection was the major force shaping diversity at these genes in mammals. Nonetheless, site-wise estimation of evolutionary rates at corresponding sites revealed weak correlations, suggesting that mammalian G6Pases have evolved different structural features over time. We also detected pervasive positive selection at mammalian G6PC2. Most selected residues localize in the C-terminal protein region, where several human variants associated with FG levels also map. This region was re-sequenced in ~560 subjects from Saudi Arabia, 185 of whom suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2D). The frequency of rare missense and nonsense variants was not significantly different in T2D and controls. Association analysis with two common missense variants (V219L and S342C) revealed a weak but significant association for both SNPs when analyses were conditioned on rs560887, previously identified in a GWAS for FG. Two haplotypes were significantly associated with T2D with an opposite effect direction. Conclusions: We detected pervasive positive selection at mammalian G6PC2 genes and we suggest that distinct haplotypes at the G6PC2 locus modulate susceptibility to T2D.
Data from: Measurement artefacts lead to false positives in the study of birdsong in noise
1: Numerous studies over the past decade have reported correlations between elevated levels of anthropogenic noise and a rise in the minimum frequency of acoustic signals of animals living in noisy habitats. This pattern appears to be occurring globally, and higher pitched signals have been hypothesized to be adaptive changes that reduce masking by low-frequency traffic noise. However, the sound analysis methods most often used in these studies are prone to measurement errors that can result in false positives. In addition, the commonly used method of measuring frequencies visually from spectrograms might also lead to observer-expectancy biases that could exacerbate measurement errors. 2: We conducted an experiment to (a) quantify the size and type of errors that result from "eye-balling" frequency measurements with cursors placed manually on spectrograms of signals recorded in noise and no-noise conditions, and (b) to test whether observer expectations lead to significant errors in frequency measurements. We asked 54 volunteers, blind to the true intention of our study, to visually measure the minimum frequency of a variety of natural and synthesized bird sounds, recorded either in noise, or no-noise conditions. Test subjects were either informed or uninformed about the hypothesized results of the measurements. 3: Our results demonstrate that inappropriate methodology in acoustic analysis can yield false positives with effect sizes as large, or even larger, than those reported in published studies. In addition to these measurement artefacts, psychological observer biases also led to false positives – when observers expected signals to have higher minimum frequencies in noise, they measured significantly higher minimum frequencies than uninformed observers, who had not been primed with any expectation. 4: The use of improper analysis methods in bioacoustics can lead to the publication of spurious results. We discuss alternative methods that yield unbiased frequency measures and we caution that it is imperative for researchers to familiarize themselves both with the functions and limitations of their sound analysis programs.. In addition, observer expectancy biases are a potential source of error not only in the field of bioacoustics, but in any situation where measurements can be influenced by human subjectivity.
Data from: Mortality risk and social network position in resident killer whales: sex differences and the importance of resource abundance
An individual's ecological environment affects their mortality risk, which in turn has fundamental consequences for life history evolution. In many species social relationships are likely to be an important component of an individual's environment, and therefore their mortality risk. Here we examine the relationship between social position and mortality risk in resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) using over three decades of social and demographic data. We find that the social position of male, but not female, killer whales in their social unit predicts their mortality risk. More socially integrated males have a significantly lower risk of mortality than socially peripheral males, particularly in years of low prey abundance, suggesting that social position mediates access to resources. Male killer whales are larger and require more resources than females, increasing their vulnerability to starvation in years of low salmon abundance. More socially integrated males are likely to have better access to social information and food sharing opportunities which may enhance their survival in years of low salmon. Our results show that observable variation in the social environment is linked to variation in mortality risk, and highlight how sex differences in social effects on survival may be linked to sex differences in life-history evolution.
Data from: Positive and negative incentive contrasts lead to relative value perception in ants
Humans usually assess things not according to their absolute value, but relative to reference points - a main tenant of Prospect Theory. For example, people rate a new salary relative to previous salaries and salaries of their peers, rather than absolute income. We demonstrate a similar effect in an insect: ants expecting to find low quality food showed higher acceptance of medium quality food than ants expecting medium quality, and vice versa for high expectations. Further experiments demonstrate that these contrast effects arise from cognitive rather than mere sensory or pre-cognitive perceptual causes. Social information gained inside the nest can also serve as a reference point: the quality of food received from other ants affected the perceived value of food found later. Value judgement is a key element in decision making, and thus relative value perception strongly influences which option is chosen and ultimately how all animals make decisions.
Data from: Cucumis omissus sp. nov. (Cucurbitaceae) from southern Arabia and Ethiopia and its phylogenetic position
The new species Cucumis omissus Thulin from Yemen, Oman and Ethiopia is described and illustrated. According to phylogenetic analyses based mainly on nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences and chloroplast trnG sequences, the new species is sister to C. hastatus in Somalia and Ethiopia. A map showing the distributions of both C. omissus and C. hastatus is provided and morphological differences between these two species are pointed out. Cucumis omissus has been confused with C. pustulatus and C. prophetarum in the literature and in herbaria, and morphological differences from these two species are provided as well. Oreosyce africana is nested within Cucumis in this, as well as in several previous studies. We clarify that when O. africana is treated as a Cucumis, its correct name is C. subsericeus.
Data from: Performance assessment of two whole-lake acoustic positional telemetry systems - is reality mining of free-ranging aquatic animals technologically possible?
Acoustic positional telemetry systems (APTs) represent a novel approach to study the behaviour of free ranging aquatic animals in the wild at unprecedented detail. System manufactures promise remarkably high temporal and spatial resolution. However, the performance of APTs has rarely been rigorously tested at the level of entire ecosystems. Moreover, the effect of habitat structure on system performance has only been poorly documented. Two APTs were deployed to cover two small lakes and a series of standardized stationary tests were conducted to assess system performance. Furthermore, a number of tow tests were conducted to simulate moving fish. Based on these data, we quantified system performance in terms of data yield, accuracy and precision as a function of structural complexity in relation to vegetation. Mean data yield of the two systems was 40 % (Lake1) and 60 % (Lake2). Average system accuracy (acc) and precision (prec) were Lake1: acc = 3.1 m, prec = 1.1 m; Lake2: acc = 1.0 m, prec = 0.2 m. System performance was negatively affected by structural complexity, i.e., open water habitats yielded far better performance than structurally complex vegetated habitats. Post-processing greatly improved data quality, and sub-meter accuracy and precision were, on average, regularly achieved in Lake2 but remained the exception in the larger and structurally more complex Lake1. Moving transmitters were tracked well by both systems. Whereas overestimation of moved distance is inevitable for stationary transmitters due to accumulation of small tracking errors, moving transmitters can result in both over- and underestimation of distances depending on circumstances. Both deployed APTs were capable of providing high resolution positional data at the scale of entire lakes and are suitable systems to mine the reality of free ranging fish in their natural environment. This opens important opportunities to advance several fields of study such as movement ecology and animal social networks in the wild. It is recommended that thorough performance tests are conducted in any study utilizing APTs. The APTs tested here appear best suited for studies in structurally simple ecosystems or for studying pelagic species. In such situations, the data quality provided by the APTs is exceptionally high.
SHEET project Deliverable D2.3-D2.4 - Apple Fruit position and temperature data
<p>The data publlished here are an outcome of the SHEET project <a href="https://ictagrifood.eu/node/44656" rel="nofollow">https://ictagrifood.eu/node/44656</a>.</p> <p>More information regarding the project and the collected data can be found in "SHEET_D2.1-D2.4.docx":<br>- D2.2, D2.3, D2.2-Continuation for information regarding the RGB-D/Thermal scanning platform prototype<br>- D2.4 for dataset information</p> <p>Data are organized by years of collection for seasons 2021, 2022, and 2023.</p> <p>Data recorded includes the following:<br>- Continuos weather data of the trial site in open field.<br>- Continuos microclimatic data of orchard conditions tested (2021, 2022 only).</p> <p>- Discrete radiation measurements of the illumination condition of each tested treatment , on a representative tree. </p> <p>- Continuos measurements of apple fruit surface temperature collected with thermocouples.<br>- Discrete measurements of apple fruit surface temperature collected with handheld thermal camera (2022, 2023 only)</p> <p>- Position of the fruit monitored for surface temperature</p> <p>- Discrete measurements of apple fruit surface temperature and position collected with an RGB-D/ Thermal scanning platform prototype (2022 only) </p> <p>-Discrete measurement reporting the moment of sunburn damage occurrence, its level, L*a*b* chroma and Hue color information, and DA-meter index values.</p> <p><strong>More information regarding SHEET Project activity carried out from the UniBo group can be found at the <a href="https://github.com/ECOPOM/SHEET_project_repo">dedicated GitHub repository</a></strong>.</p>
Mapping the Landscape of Life Satisfaction in Positive Psychology: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis
<p>bibliometric data for article titled "Mapping the Landscape of Life Satisfaction in Positive Psychology: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis".</p>
Figure 3 from: Gutermann W, Jang T-S, Kästner A, Prehsler D, Reich D, Berger A, Flatscher R, Gilli C, Hofbauer M, Lachmayer M, Sander R, Sonnleitner M, Mucina L (2024) Thliphthisa sapphus (Rubiaceae, Rubieae), a new species from Lefkada (Ionian Islands, Greece) and its ecological position. PhytoKeys 241: 65-79. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.241.119144
Figure 3 Mitotic chromosomes and karyotype of Thliphthisa sapphus (2n = 4x = 44). Scale bar: 5 μm.
New taxonomic position and neotype designation for the conoidean gastropod Pleurotoma patagonica d'Orbigny, 1841
<p>Neotype of <em>Bela patagonica </em>(d'Orbigny, 1841) (MACN-In43983) collected alive at Las Grutas, San Antonio Oeste, Río Negro Province, Argentina, in 8 m depth.</p>
Impact of negative and positive CO2 emissions on global warming metrics using an ensemble of Earth system model simulations
<p>The data provided here has been used to create the figures in the paper submitted to Biogeosciences titled <em>Impact of negative and positive CO2 emissions on global warming metrics using an ensemble of Earth system model simulations.</em></p>
Data for "Different types of corona discharges associated with high-altitude positive Narrow Bipolar Events nearby cloud top"
<p>The VLF/LF radio data at Malaysia station support the findings of the paper "Different types of corona discharges associated with high-altitude positive Narrow Bipolar Events nearby cloud top " is presented here. </p> <p>Each file includes three columns: time(seconds), azimuthal magnetic field Bø (nT) and radial magnetic field Br (nT).</p>
Text-fig. 1. Position of the outcrops of the Wischgrund leaf-bearing clay. in New Leaf Species From The Upper Miocene Flora Of The Leaf-Bearing Wischgrund Clay (Lower Lusatia, Brandenburg, Germany)
Text-fig. 1. Position of the outcrops of the Wischgrund leaf-bearing clay.
Textiles: Polenka (2), "A Profitable Position"
The 3D model presents a digital reconstruction of historical textile materials for a theatrical costume for Polina Kukushkina in the play "A Profitable Position" (1856) by A.N. Ostrovsky. The authors used 2D scanning to capture the look of the surfaces, post processed the images in PixPlant, generated texture maps in Photoshop and put those on the 3D models in SubstancePainter. The authors of the 3D model are Aleksei Moskvin and Mariia Moskvina (Saint Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design). The authors thank prof. Victor Kuzmichev (Ivanovo State Polytechnic University) for providing data required for digitization of textiles. The actual costume that can be seen in the photo was made by faculty members and students of Ivanovo State Polytechnic University. Please contact us if you require seamless textures. The cloth 3D model by atomov is available at Turbosquid. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.26667.11043 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Textiles: Polenka (1), "A Profitable Position"
The 3D model presents a digital reconstruction of historical textile materials for a theatrical costume for Polina Kukushkina in the play "A Profitable Position" (1856) by A.N. Ostrovsky. The authors used 2D scanning to capture the look of the surfaces, post processed the images in PixPlant, generated texture maps in Photoshop and put those on the 3D models in SubstancePainter. The authors of the 3D model are Aleksei Moskvin and Mariia Moskvina (Saint Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design). The authors thank prof. Victor Kuzmichev (Ivanovo State Polytechnic University) for providing data required for digitization of textiles. The actual costume that can be seen in the photo was made by faculty members and students of Ivanovo State Polytechnic University. This work was supported by the Russian Historical Society and the History of the Fatherland Foundation under project titled "NashOstrovsky". DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.21633.94567 Please contact us if you require seamless textures. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Dendur temple in its original position
The Temple of Dendur is an Ancient Egyptian temple that was built by the Roman governor of Egypt, Petronius around 15 BC, as one of many Egyptian temples commissioned by the emperor Augustus. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
WW1 large firing position, Helsinki, Finland
First World Warlarge firing position in base XXIV:4 in [Krepost Sveaborg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krepost_Sveaborg) land front defense line in Lassila, Helsinki, Finland. The base was built in 1915 - 1918. This firing position originally had two rooms but the another one has been completely destroyed. The whole base contains: * 20 meters of trench * 1 large two room firing position * 1 shelter room More info: * [Location in Google Maps](https://goo.gl/maps/mxdeemcPHDAdFBLp9) * [Wikipedia: Krepost Sveaborg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krepost_Sveaborg) * [John Lagerstedt , Markku Saari: Krepost Sveaborg](http://www.novision.fi/viapori/eavaus.htm) * [Finnish Heritage Agency site info](https://www.kyppi.fi/to.aspx?id=112.1000013856) (only in finnish) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
WW1 large firing position, Espoo, Finland
First World War large firing position for four rifles and one machinbe gun in base XXVIII:19 in [Krepost Sveaborg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krepost_Sveaborg) land front defense line in Mäkkylä, Espoo, Finland. The base was built in 1915 - 1918. The whole base contains: * 2 machine gun positions * 2 searchlight positions * 2 observations positions * 1 rifle firing position * 1 large firing position (this model) * 150 meters of trench * 3 caves More info: * [Location in Google Maps](https://goo.gl/maps/QthYRiSYE1m3LFA97) * [Wikipedia: Krepost Sveaborg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krepost_Sveaborg) * [John Lagerstedt , Markku Saari: Krepost Sveaborg](http://www.novision.fi/viapori/eavaus.htm) * [Finnish Heritage Agency site info](https://www.kyppi.fi/to.aspx?id=112.1000007767) (only in finnish) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Figure 1 from: Argañaraz CI, Gleiser RM (2017) Does urbanization have positive or negative effects on Crab spider (Araneae: Thomisidae) diversity? Zoologia 34: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e19987
Figure 1 - Location of sampling sites in Córdoba city, Argentina.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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