Find research datasets worth reusing

Niche dynamics of Memecylon in Sri Lanka: distribution patterns, climate change effects, and conservation priorities

Aim: Recent climate projections have shown that the distribution of organisms in island biotas is highly affected by climate change. Here, we present the results of the analysis of niche dynamics of a plant group, Memecylon on Sri Lanka, an island, using species occurrences and climate data. We aim to determine which climate variables explain current distribution, model how climate change impacts the availability of suitable habitat for Memecylon, and determine conservation priority areas for Sri Lankan Memecylon. Location: Sri Lanka Methods: We used georeferenced occurrence data of Sri Lankan Memecylon to develop ecological niche models and assess both current and future potential distributions under six climate change scenarios in 2041-2060 and 2061-2080. We also overlaid land-cover, and protected area maps and performed a gap analysis to understand the impacts of land-cover changes on Memecylon distributions and propose new areas for conservation. Results: Differences among suitable habitats of Memecylon were found to be related to patterns of endemism. Under varying future climate scenarios, endemic groups were predicted to experience habitat shifts, gains, or losses. The narrow endemic Memecylon restricted to the montane zone were predicted to be the most impacted by climate change. Projections also indicated that changes in species' habitats can be expected as early as 2041-2060. Gap analysis showed that while narrow endemic categories are considerably protected as demonstrated by their overlap with protected areas, more conservation efforts in Sri Lankan forests containing wide endemic and non-endemic Memecylon are needed. Main conclusions: This research helped clarify general patterns of responses of Sri Lankan Memecylon to global climate change. Data from this study are useful for designing measures aimed at filling the gaps in forest conservation on this island.

Urbanization can accelerate climate change by increasing soil N2O emission while reducing CH4 uptake

Urban land use change has the potential to affect local to global biogeochemical carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. We conducted a meta-analysis to 1) assess the effects of urbanization-induced land-use conversion on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes, 2) quantify direct N2O emission factors (EFd) of fertilized urban soils used e.g., as lawns or forests, and 3) identify the key drivers leading to flux changes associated with urbanization. On average, urbanization increases soil N2O emissions by 153%, to 3.0 kg N ha-1 yr-1, while rates of soil CH4 uptake are reduced by 50%, to 2.0 kg C ha-1 yr-1. The mean annual N2O EFd of fertilized lawns and urban forests is 1.4%, suggesting that urban soils can be regional hotspots of N2O emissions. On a global basis, conversion of land to urban greenspaces has increased soil N2O emission by 0.46 Tg N2O-N yr-1 and decreased soil CH4 uptake by 0.58 Tg CH4-C yr-1. Urbanization-driven changes in soil N2O emission and CH4 uptake are associated with changes in soil properties (bulk density, pH, total N content and C/N ratio), increased temperature, and management practices, especially fertilizer use. Overall, our meta-analysis shows that urbanization increases soil N2O emissions and reduces the role of soils as a sink for atmospheric CH4. These effects can be mitigated by avoiding soil compaction, reducing fertilization of lawns, and restoring native ecosystems in urban landscapes.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

Data for: Mercury contamination challenges the behavioral response of a keystone species to Arctic climate change

Combined effects of multiple, climate change-associated stressors are of mounting concern, especially in Arctic ecosystems. Elevated mercury (Hg) exposure in Arctic animals could affect behavioural responses to changes in foraging landscapes linked to climate change, generating interactive effects on behaviour and population resilience. We investigated this hypothesis in the little auk (Alle alle), a keystone Arctic seabird. We compiled behavioural data using accelerometers, and quantified blood mercury and environmental conditions (sea surface temperature (SST), sea ice coverage (SIC)) across multiple years. Warm SST and low SIC reshaped time activity budgets (TABs) and diving patterns, causing decreased resting, increased flight, and longer dives. Mercury contamination was not associated with TABs. However, highly contaminated birds lengthened inter-dive breaks when making long dives, suggesting mercury-induced physiological limitations. As dive durations increased with warm SST, subtle toxicological effects threaten to increasingly constrain diving and foraging efficiency as climate change progresses, with ecosystem-wide repercussions.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

Reflectance spectra of some species of a Mediterranean shrubland submitted to climate change

Data file of the reflectance spectra of different association of Quercus coccifera, Rosmarinus officinalis and Cistus albidus in the presence of  Ulex parviflorus.

Data from: Relative brain size is associated with natal dispersal rate and species' vulnerability to climate change in seabirds

The cognitive buffer hypothesis proposes that species with larger brains (relative to their body size) exhibit greater behavioural flexibility, conferring an advantage in unpredictable or novel environments. Therefore, behavioural flexibility – and relative brain size – are likely to be important predictors of a species' vulnerability to anthropogenic pressures and, ultimately, extinction risk. However, current evidence linking brain size to species vulnerability and extinction risk is inconclusive. Furthermore, studies examining the relationship between relative brain size and behavioural flexibility have mainly focused on foraging innovations, whilst other forms of behavioural flexibility remain unexplored. In this study, we collate species-specific information and examine links between relative brain size, rates of natal and adult dispersal (a measure of flexibility in breeding site fidelity), vulnerability to six anthropogenic threats and extinction risk for 131 species of seabird. We focused our study on seabirds, a highly threatened group that displays large variation in both relative brain size and dispersal behaviour. We found a significant positive relationship between relative brain size and natal dispersal rate, suggesting that relative brain size could enhance flexibility in breeding site choice in seabirds, consistent with the cognitive buffer hypothesis. However, this relationship does not persist when we consider adult dispersal, possibly reflecting constraints imposed by mate selection and knowledge transfer in seabirds. We also show that relative brain size is negatively associated with vulnerability to climate change. These findings have immediate application for predicting interspecific variation in species' vulnerability to climate change and identifying priority species for conservation.

Plant functional traits predict heterogeneous distributional shifts in response to climate change

Climate change is causing the rapid redistribution of vegetation as plant species move to track their climatic optima. Despite a global trend of upward movement in latitude and elevation, there is extensive heterogeneity among species and locations, with few emerging generalizations. Greater generalization may be achieved by considering multidimensional changes in species' distributions as well as incorporating ecologically relevant functional traits into studies of range shifts. To better understand how recent changes in climate are influencing the elevational distribution of plant species and how species' functional traits mediate distributional changes, we resampled a 2,438-meter elevation transect spanning a distance of 16 kilometers which encompasses desert scrub, pinyon-juniper woodland, chaparral, and coniferous forest plant communities. Over the last 42 years, total perennial cover and species' average cover increased at lower elevations and decreased at higher elevations while the average elevational leading-edge increased 116 m and the elevational rear edge decreased 84 m. Notably, these changes were mediated by species' functional traits, where species exhibiting more conservative traits (lower SLA, greater δ13C, larger seed mass) and taller height shifted upward in their leading-edge range limit, average elevation, and trailing edge range limit, while declining in abundance at the median and trailing edge of their range. Species possessing more acquisitive traits (higher SLA, lower δ13C, smaller seed mass) and shorter height shifted downward and increased in abundance at their trailing edge, with increases in their total range size. Our results provide clear evidence that heterogeneous range dynamics under recent climate change can be generalized by considering ecologically relevant plant functional traits, and how they respond to localized climate exposure. Further, by documenting changes across a steep ecological gradient comprising a large aridity gradient, we show divergent patterns for plants occupying contrasting positions along the global spectrum of plant form and function, which provides critical insight into how trait-mediated changes under increasing aridity will impact ecosystem functioning.

Distinct responses and range shifts of lizards populations across an elevational gradient under climate change

Ongoing climate change has profoundly affected global biodiversity, but its impacts on populations across elevations remain understudied. Using a mechanistic niche model incorporating species traits, we predicted ecophysiological responses (activity times, oxygen consumption and evaporative water loss) for lizard populations at high-elevation (< 3600 m asl) and extra-high-elevation (> 3600 m asl) under recent (1970–2000) and future (2081–2100) climates. Compared with their high-elevation counterparts, lizards from extra-high-elevations are predicted to experience a greater increase in activity time and oxygen consumption but a similar increase in evaporative water loss. By integrating these ecophysiological traits into a hybrid species distribution model (HSDM), we were able to make the following predictions under two warming scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP5-8.5). By 2081–2100, we predict that lizards at both high- and extra-high-elevations will shift upslope; lizards at extra-high-elevations will gain more and lose less habitat than will their high-elevation congeners. We therefore advocate the conservation of high-elevation species in the context of climate change, especially for those populations living close to their lower elevational range limits. In addition, by comparing the results from HSDM and traditional species distribution models, we highlight the importance of considering intraspecific variation and local adaptation in physiological traits along elevational gradients when forecasting species' future distributions under climate change.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Data for: Implications of climate change for biocontrol efficacy across the northern range of the invasive plant Linaria dalmatica

The effect of insect biological control agents on invasive plant populations can vary spatially, and spatial variation in climate may drive regional variation in herbivory, and thus biocontrol efficacy. Within host plant populations, local plant abundance can also be affected by the spatial distribution of herbivores, but whether local patterns persist at larger scales is less well understood. We examined how infestation and damage of the stem-mining weevil Mecinus janthiniformis, a specialist biocontrol agent of the invasive plant Linaria dalmatica, varied with and among populations across the northern edge of the range in North America. We quantified weevil and invasive plant densities, as well as plant fecundity, stem diameter and height across sites spanning an area of ~39,000 km2 in British Columbia, Canada. We found that specialist weevils did not respond to host plant density within sites across the study region. Instead, weevil attack and load were most sensitive to among-site variability in climate, with stems at warmer sites have four times as many weevils compared to stems at cooler sites. Weevils also reduced plant fecundity more at warmer sites, when controlled for plant size (stem diameter) with larger effects of weevils in thicker stems, indicating that L. dalmatica suppression is highest in warmer locations where weevils are more abundant and environmental conditions more favorable. Our results suggest that, with climate change, the efficacy of biocontrol for L. dalmatica will improve across the northern edge of the range. We recommend that at cooler sites, where biocontrols are less prevalent and effects on plant fecundity are weaker, alternative management strategies are necessary at this time. Across invasive plant species more generally, future studies that establish the role of climate in variability in biocontrol efficacy long after introduction can improve management of invasive plants under climate change.

openother-openDec 2022View details →

Global beta-diversity of angiosperm trees is shaped by Quaternary climate change

This release contains the code and data used in the paper: Wu-Bing Xu et al., Global beta-diversity of angiosperm trees is shaped by Quaternary climate change. Sci. Adv. 9, eadd8553 (2023). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.add8553">10.1126/sciadv.add8553</a>

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

Long-term effect of forest harvesting on boreal species assemblages under climate change

Logging is the main human disturbance impacting biodiversity in forest ecosystems. However, the impact of forest harvesting on biodiversity is modulated by abiotic conditions through complex relationships that remain poorly documented. Therefore, the interplay between forest management and climate change can no longer be ignored. Our aim was to study the expected long-term variations in the assemblage of bird and beetle communities following modifications in forest management under different climate change scenarios. We developed species distribution models to predict the occurrence of 88 species of birds and beetles in eastern Canadian boreal forests over the next century. We simulated three climate scenarios (baseline, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) under which we varied the level of harvesting. We also analyzed the regional assemblage dissimilarity by decomposing it into balanced variations in species occupancy and occupancy gradient. We predict that forest harvesting will alter the diversity by increasing assemblage dissimilarity under all the studied climate scenarios, mainly due to species turnover. Species turnover intensity was greater for ground-dwelling beetles, probably because they have lower dispersal capacity than flying beetles or birds. A good dispersal capacity allows species to travel more easily between ecosystems across the landscape when they search for suitable habitats after a disturbance. Regionally, an overall increase in the probability of occupancy is projected for bird species, whereas a decrease is predicted for beetles, a variation that could reflect differences in ecological traits between taxa. Our results further predict a decrease in the number of species that increase their occupancy after harvest under the most severe climatic scenario for both taxa. We anticipate that under severe climate change, increasing forest disturbance will be detrimental to beetles associated with old forests but also with young forests after disturbances.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

R-script: Deterioration of respiratory health following changes to land cover and climate in Indonesia

This file contains the R-script presented in "Santika, T., Muhidin, S., Haryanto, B. et al. (2023) Deterioration of respiratory health following changes to land cover and climate in Indonesia". ** R-script.txt This is the main script used to produce the results of the paper, which contains three parts: <ol> <li>Analysis of the change in rainfall patterns across regencies in Sumatra, Indonesia</li> <li>Analysis of the change in fire patterns across Sumatra by soil type and land cover/degradation</li> <li>Analysis of the link between respiratory illness prevalence and environmental and socio-economic variables</li> </ol>

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

Assessing Future Hydrological Impacts of Climate Change on High-Mountain Central Asia: Insights from a Stochastic Soil Moisture Water Balance Model

Dataset accompanying the publication "Assessing Future Hydrological Impacts of Climate Change on High-Mountain Central Asia: Insights from a Stochastic Soil Moisture Water Balance Model"

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

King's College Cambridge wildflower meadow monitoring data: biodiversity, climate change and society

The biodiversity and climate crises are critical challenges of this century. Wildflower meadows in urban areas could provide important nature-based solutions, addressing the biodiversity and climate crises jointly, and benefitting society in the process. King's College Cambridge (England, UK) established a wildflower meadow over a portion of its iconic Back Lawn in 2019, replacing a fine lawn first laid in 1772. We used biodiversity surveys, Wilcoxon signed rank, and ANOVA models to compare species richness, abundance, and composition of plants, spiders, bugs, bats, and nematodes supported by the meadow, and remaining lawn, over three years. We estimated the climate change impact of meadow vs lawn from maintenance emissions, soil carbon sequestration, and reflectance effect. We surveyed members of the university to quantify the societal benefits of, and attitudes towards, increased meadow planting on the collegiate university estate. In spite of its small size (0.36 ha), the meadow supported approximately three times more plant species, three times more spider and bug species and individuals, and bats were recorded three times more often over the meadow than the remaining lawn. Terrestrial invertebrate biomass was 25 times higher in the meadow compared with the lawn. Fourteen species with conservation designations were recorded on the meadow (six for lawn), alongside meadow specialist species. Reduced maintenance and fertilising associated with meadow reduced emissions by an estimated 1.36 Mg CO2-e per hectare per year compared with lawn. Relative reflectance increased by 25-34% for meadow relative to lawn. Soil carbon stocks did not differ between meadow and lawn. Respondents thought meadows provided greater aesthetic, educational, and mental well-being services than lawns. In open responses, lawns were associated with undesirable elitism and social exclusion (most colleges in Cambridge restrict lawn access to senior members of the college), and respondents proved overwhelmingly in favour of meadow planting in place of lawns on the collegiate university estate. This study demonstrates the substantial benefits of small urban meadows for local biodiversity, cultural ecosystem services, and climate change mitigation, supplied at a lower cost than maintaining conventional lawn.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

Directly dating Plio-Pleistocene climate change in the terrestrial record

This is the Supporting Information for Dröllner et al. "Directly dating Plio-Pleistocene climate change in the terrestrial record" published in Geophysical Research Letters. The data comes from a ferruginous induration in the arid landscapes of the Nullarbor Plain in southern Australia (30° 54' 33.84'' S, 132° 13' 5.88'' E). The data provides constraints on the timing of Plio-Pleistocene aridification in the continental realm and supports the use of ferruginous indurations as targets to obtain absolute ages on landscape evolution. The dataset includes chemical-mineralogical results, which suggest that the formation of ferruginous indurations was linked with a decline of the groundwater table. (U-Th)/He geochronology of goethite from ferruginous indurations provides age constraints that link the textural and chemical-mineralogical observations to a rapid climatic shift from humid Late Pliocene to arid Early Pleistocene conditions. Specifically, this Supporting Information includes a pdf file (available through Zenodo; <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7739575" title="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7739575">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7739575</a>) with detailed analytical methods for X-ray powder diffraction (XRD, Text S1), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (Text S2), Raman spectroscopy (Text S3), and (U-Th)/He geochronology (Text S4). This pdf file also includes Supporting Figures S1 (sample material, and fragments used for dating) and S2 (XRD spectra), as well as Supporting Tables S1 (XRD bulk mineralogy), S2 ((U-Th)/He data), S3 (XRD instrument parameters), and the captions for Table S4 (Raman data) and Table S5 (XRD data). The latter two datasets are provided as separate files available through Dryad (this data).

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

The legacy of one hundred years of climate change for organic carbon stocks in global agricultural topsoils - full dataset

This zip folder contains a txt and a shp file with predicted soil organic carbon stocks for a total of 931149 points on agricultural land across the globe at three different timepoints. The initial value (2018) for the scenarios c (constant carbon input) and v (variable carbon input) was derived from the FAO GSP Global SOC map published in 2018. the values in 1969 and 1919 are the results of backwards modelling with RothC model to estimate past climate change effects on SOC stocks. Details can be found in the publication " The legacy of one hundred years of climate change for organic carbon stocks in global agricultural topsoils" as published in Scientific Reports.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

Data from: Climate change consequences for differential adult survival and the mating system of a temperate breeding shorebird

Managing for the effects of climate change on species whose populations are currently imperiled requires detailed knowledge of the relationship between their demographic rates and climate variables. We sought this information for the West Coast breeding population of snowy plover (Charadrius nivosus), which was federally listed as threatened in 1993 due to substantial declines in the numbers of plovers breeding along the coast and in the number of sites occupied for breeding. Snowy plovers employ a serially polygamous breeding system in which the male typically tends chicks to independence. This unusual breeding system is favored by male-biased sex ratios in local populations. As part of a multi-species study of the effect of climate change on population growth, we used mark-capture models to examine climate drivers of adult survival for 1,219 snowy plovers banded at Monterey Bay over 38 years and known to overwinter on the surrounding north-central California outer coast. Non-climate variables, including sex and unmeasured annual mortality risks (e.g., predator abundance) were the primary factors affecting adult survival. However, there is evidence that cold weather, particularly extended cold snaps with daily low temperatures below 2˚C and daily high temperatures below 10˚C, decreases overwinter survival. Exceptionally cold winters had a particularly strong effect on adult female plovers, contributing to the male-biased adult sex ratios. Future winter climate on the north-central California coast is projected to be generally warmer with fewer and shorter cold snaps. Reduced mortality from cold winter weather may mitigate other threats faced by plovers, such as anthropogenically enhanced predator populations, habitat loss, and accelerated sea level rise, while altering the adult sex ratio and potentially shifting the evolutionary landscape maintaining the plover's unusual breeding system.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

Phytoplankton life strategies, phenological shifts and climate change in the North Atlantic Ocean from 1850‐2100

Supporting data for the article entitled 'Phytoplankton life strategies, phenological shifts and climate change in the North Atlantic Ocean from 1850-2100'. Article abstract: Significant phenological shifts induced by climate change are projected within the phytoplankton community. However, projections from current Earth System Models (ESMs) understandably rely on simplified community responses that do not consider evolutionary strategies manifested as various phenotypes and trait groups. Here, we use a species-based modelling approach, combined with large-scale plankton observations, to investigate past, contemporary and future phenological shifts in diatoms (grouped by their morphological traits) and dinoflagellates in three key areas of the North Atlantic Ocean (North Sea, North-East Atlantic and Labrador Sea) from 1850 to 2100. Our study reveals that the three phytoplanktonic groups exhibit coherent and different shifts in phenology and abundance throughout the North Atlantic Ocean. The seasonal duration of large flattened (i.e., oblate) diatoms is predicted to shrink and their abundance to decline, whereas the phenology of slow-sinking elongated (i.e., prolate) diatoms and of dinoflagellates is expected to expand and their abundance to rise, which may alter carbon export in this important sink region. The increase in prolates and dinoflagellates, two groups currently not considered in ESMs, may alleviate the negative influence of global climate change on oblates, which are responsible of massive peaks of biomass and carbon export in spring. We suggest that including prolates and dinoflagellates in models may improve our understanding of the influence of global climate change on the biological carbon cycle in the oceans. The data provided here are the observed and modelled abundances (oblate and prolate diatoms and dinoflagellates), the observed and modelled environmental data (compiled data for sea surface temperature, Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation and disolved nitrates concentrations) in the North Sea, the North-East Atlantic and the Labrador Sea, and the phenological indices for the three different phytoplanktonic groups (i.e. oblate and prolate diatoms and dinoflagellates) and the three warming scenarios (the low, the medium and the high warming scenarios; SSP1-1.2.6 SSP2-4.5 and 5-8.5 respectively). The phenological indices are the maximum abundance, the day where the maximum abundance is reached, the day where the seasonal reproductive period is initiated and the day where it is terminated, the seasonal duration and the mean annual abundance.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

What Do Firms Say in Reporting on Impacts of Climate Change? An Approach to Monitoring ESG Actions and Environmental Policy

This paper focuses on  two research questions  arising from the 2010 U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)  Advisory on climate change reporting: (1) How does the discussion of climate change  in SEC filings change after the Advisory? and (2) What are firms talking about when they talk about climate change? Findings   were obtained from the 218,000 10-K filings to the SEC during the 2000--2019 period. The study develops and applies  text mining methodology based on extracting information from the ``semantic associates'' in the  ``neighborhoods'' of indicative terms. On (1) it finds that climate change-related reporting does increase substantially after the SEC guidance. On (2) a nuanced picture emerges. Firms with comparatively larger transition risks tend to discuss climate change comparatively more, focusing on  regulation-related topics. Firms exposed to the  physical risks of climate change tend to discuss climate change somewhat less, focusing  on meteorological topics. The results enrich our understanding regarding  environmental policies and firms' behaviors regarding climate change. Theoretical and practical implications are provided.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Deglacial climate changes as forced by different ice sheet reconstructions - model ouputs

This dataset contains the model output corresponding to the paper entitled "Deglacial climate changes as forced by different ice sheet reconstructions" submitted to Climate of the Past. For the description of the model and simulations we refer to this article.   Simulations: degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_nobathy = with ICE_6G_C, fixed bathymetry degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH = with ICE_6G_C, evolving bathymetry degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_bis = with ICE_6G_C, evolving bathymetry, mask modified degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_nobathy = with GLAC-1D, fixed bathymetry degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH = with GLAC-1D, evolving bathymetry degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_FWF = with GLAC-1D, evolving bathymetry, fresh water flux degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_FWFtest3 = with GLAC-1D, evolving bathymetry, fresh water flux with intensity divided by 3 degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_FWFtest4 = with GLAC-1D, evolving bathymetry, fresh water flux with intensity divided by 4   Variables and corresponding files: Evolution of ocean volume (m3): volume_ocean_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH.txt volume_ocean_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH.txt Evolution of ocean surface area (1e6 km2): surface_area_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH.txt surface_area_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH.txt Sea land masks for time slices: tmask_bathy_P_0yr_SH_CC_PI.nc tmask_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_21ka.nc tmask_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_21ka.nc tmask_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_12ka.nc tmask_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_12ka.nc tmask_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_9ka.nc tmask_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_9ka.nc Evolution of global mean temperature (degree C): Temperature_evolution_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_nobathy.txt Temperature_evolution_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_nobathy.txt Temperature_evolution_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH.txt Temperature_evolution_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_bis.txt Temperature_evolution_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_nobathy.txt Temperature_evolution_degla_T_bathyT_500yr_is_SH.txt Temperature_evolution_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH.txt Temperature_evolution_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_FWF.txt Temperature_evolution_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_FWFtest3.txt Temperature_evolution_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_FWFtest4.txt Temperature maps for time slices: temp_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_nobathy_21ka.nc temp_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_nobathy_21ka.nc temp_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_nobathy_10ka.nc temp_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_nobathy_10ka.nc Evolution of salinity: iLOVECLIM_salinity_ICE-6G_C.nc iLOVECLIM_salinity_GLAC-1D.nc Temperature evolution at NGRIP location: iLOVECLIM_t2m_NGRIP_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_nobathy.nc iLOVECLIM_t2m_NGRIP_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH.nc iLOVECLIM_t2m_NGRIP_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_bis.nc iLOVECLIM_t2m_NGRIP_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_nobathy.nc iLOVECLIM_t2m_NGRIP_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH.nc iLOVECLIM_t2m_NGRIP_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_FWF.nc iLOVECLIM_t2m_NGRIP_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_FWFtest3.nc iLOVECLIM_t2m_NGRIP_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_FWFtest4.nc Temperature evolution at EDC location: iLOVECLIM_t2m_EDC_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH.nc iLOVECLIM_t2m_EDC_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_nobathy.nc iLOVECLIM_t2m_EDC_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_nobathy.nc iLOVECLIM_t2m_EDC_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH.nc iLOVECLIM_t2m_EDC_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_bis.nc iLOVECLIM_t2m_EDC_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_FWF.nc iLOVECLIM_t2m_EDC_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_FWFtest3.nc iLOVECLIM_t2m_EDC_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_FWFtest4.nc Evolution of surface albedo (all globe): iLOVECLIM_alb_all_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_nobathy.nc iLOVECLIM_alb_all_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH.nc iLOVECLIM_alb_all_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_bis.nc iLOVECLIM_alb_all_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_nobathy.nc iLOVECLIM_alb_all_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH.nc Evolution of surface albedo (Northern Hemisphere): iLOVECLIM_alb_NH_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_nobathy.nc iLOVECLIM_alb_NH_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH.nc iLOVECLIM_alb_NH_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_nobathy.nc iLOVECLIM_alb_NH_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH.nc iLOVECLIM_alb_NH_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_bis.nc Evolution of surface albedo (Southern Hemisphere): iLOVECLIM_alb_SH_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_nobathy.nc iLOVECLIM_alb_SH_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH.nc iLOVECLIM_alb_SH_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_bis.nc iLOVECLIM_alb_SH_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_nobathy.nc iLOVECLIM_alb_SH_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH.nc Evolution of sea ice area in the Northern Hemisphere (1e12 km2): iLOVECLIM_sea_ice_NH_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_nobathy.nc iLOVECLIM_sea_ice_NH_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH.nc iLOVECLIM_sea_ice_NH_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_nobathy.nc iLOVECLIM_sea_ice_NH_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH.nc Evolution of sea ice area in the Southern Hemisphere (1e12 km2): iLOVECLIM_sea_ice_SH_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_nobathy.nc iLOVECLIM_sea_ice_SH_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH.nc iLOVECLIM_sea_ice_SH_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_nobathy.nc iLOVECLIM_sea_ice_SH_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH.nc Winter sea ice fraction and mixed layer depth (m) at time slices: iLOVECLIM_sea_ice_mld_bathy_P_21000yr_SH_21ka.nc iLOVECLIM_sea_ice_mld_bathy_T_21000yr_SH_21ka.nc iLOVECLIM_sea_ice_mld_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_nobathy_10ka.nc iLOVECLIM_sea_ice_mld_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_nobathy_10ka.nc iLOVECLIM_sea_ice_mld_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_10ka.nc iLOVECLIM_sea_ice_mld_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_10ka.nc Evolution of the maximum strength of AMOC: iLOVECLIM_AMOC_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_nobathy.nc iLOVECLIM_AMOC_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH.nc iLOVECLIM_AMOC_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_nobathy.nc iLOVECLIM_AMOC_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH.nc iLOVECLIM_AMOC_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_FWF.nc iLOVECLIM_AMOC_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_FWFtest3.nc iLOVECLIM_AMOC_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_FWFtest4.nc Meridional overtunring circulation at time slices: MOC_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_21ka.nc MOC_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_10ka.nc MOC_degla_P_bathy_500yr_is_SH_nobathy_10ka.nc MOC_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_21ka.nc MOC_degla_T_bathyT_100yr_is_SH_10ka.nc