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Radiomic and Artificial Intelligence Analysis with Textural Metrics, Morphological and Dynamic Perfusion Features Extracted by Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Classification of Breast Lesions
<p>We uploaded the 15 morphological features of 91 samples of 85 patients analyzed in the manuscript: Fusco, Roberta, Adele Piccirillo, Mario Sansone, Vincenza Granata, Paolo Vallone, Maria L. Barretta, Teresa Petrosino, Claudio Siani, Raimondo Di Giacomo, Maurizio Di Bonito, Gerardo Botti, and Antonella Petrillo. 2021. "Radiomic and Artificial Intelligence Analysis with Textural Metrics, Morphological and Dynamic Perfusion Features Extracted by Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Classification of Breast Lesions" Applied Sciences 11, no. 4: 1880. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041880</p>
Contrasting effects of egg size and appearance on egg recognition and rejection response by Oriental reed warblers
<p>Among potential hosts, the rejection of foreign eggs, which is a common and effective strategy to counter brood parasitism, depends on egg recognition. Multi-modal and multi-component recognition cues of brood parasitic eggs, which include both tactile (size, shape, and texture) and visual (size, shape, color, and maculation) cues, are potentially involved in the perception and discrimination of foreign eggs by hosts. An egg rejection experiment on the host with different types of model eggs can help to accurately assess the relative contribution of different components on egg recognition and constraints to rejection, in which videos can help identify the method of host rejection. Here, we assessed egg recognition and rejection responses by Oriental reed warblers (<i>Acrocephalus orientalis</i>), one of the most common hosts of common cuckoos (<i>Cuculus canorus</i>) which breed in eastern China. We designed six groups of model eggs for rejection experiments in which sensory cues included three grades of size and two categories of visual mimicry. Our experiments confirmed that the multi-modal traits, which included variation in size, were significant predictors of egg rejection: we detected significantly higher rejection rates of mimetic spotted model eggs than of non-mimetic blue eggs. However, large model eggs did not yield higher rejection rates and, instead, these were less likely to be rejected and more likely to be deserted compared with smaller eggs. Further video-recording data showed that there was no significant effect of egg size on the egg recognition rate (percentage of nests with evidence of egg-pecking). No evidence that the egg appearance had an effect on the method of egg rejection (ejection or nest desertion) was found. Only visual signals, such as color and maculation, contributed to the recognition of foreign eggs by Oriental reed warblers as recognizable clues, but not the egg size. The egg size had an impact on the type of egg rejection. It was less feasible for the warblers to eject large eggs and that is why they opted more often for desertion as the mean of model egg rejection. The significantly lower egg rejection rate of large eggs suggested that although some of them were recognized as foreign eggs, hosts failed to reject these eggs and finally the eggs were assumed to being accepted by the commonly-used nest-checking methods.</p>
Figure 11 in Morphology and composition of the internal axis in two morphologically contrasting deep-water sea pens (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)
Figure 11. Axis composition in the sea pens Umbellula encrinus and Anthoptilum grandiflorum: average proportion of axis components (a–b), carbonate proportion in relation to distance from base (c–d), and carbonate proportion at base and tip for each colony (e–f). The vertical arrows in (c) and (d) indicate maximum peduncle length among the studied colonies.
Figure 10 in Morphology and composition of the internal axis in two morphologically contrasting deep-water sea pens (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)
Figure 10. Anthoptilum grandiflorum: whole colony and its extracted axis before being sectioned, showing position of cross sections (arrows) along the axis, and in relation to the peduncle (p).
Figure 9 in Morphology and composition of the internal axis in two morphologically contrasting deep-water sea pens (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)
Figure 9. Cross sections of the internal axis of eight Anthoptilum grandiflorum colonies along a gradient (every 5 cm) from the base to the distal tip. Cross sections were photographed under UV light. Scale bar = 2 mm.
Figure 7 in Morphology and composition of the internal axis in two morphologically contrasting deep-water sea pens (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)
Figure 7. Radial growth rates in relation to distance from base in five colonies of Umbellula encrinus.
Figure 6 in Morphology and composition of the internal axis in two morphologically contrasting deep-water sea pens (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)
Figure 6. Axis radius in each of the four lobes in five colonies of Umbellula encrinus. Colour codes for lobes are: top right = blue, top left = green, bottom right = black, bottom left = red.
Figure 3 in Morphology and composition of the internal axis in two morphologically contrasting deep-water sea pens (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)
Figure 3. Pieces of axis showing surface texture at different sections of a same specimen of Umbellula encrinus (a, sample ID 052) and Anthoptilum grandiflorum (b) from base to distal tip. Pencil marking can be seen in red. Scale bars = 5 cm.
Figure 5 in Morphology and composition of the internal axis in two morphologically contrasting deep-water sea pens (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)
Figure 5. The internal axes from five Umbellula encrinus colonies (042–052) seen as cross sections along a gradient (every 10 cm) from base to tip. Changes in the position of red dots indicate changes in lobe position due to axis twisting. *Cracked samples. Cross sections were photographed under UV light. Scale bar = 2 mm.
Figure 2 in Morphology and composition of the internal axis in two morphologically contrasting deep-water sea pens (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)
Figure 2. Umbellula encrinus: (a) whole colony in situ, (b) whole colony, (c) piece of stem and corresponding extracted axis. Anthoptilum grandiflorum: (d) whole colony in situ, (e) whole colony and extracted axis. au: autozooids, p: peduncle, s: stalk, r: rachis. (a–c) and (d–e) are not the same colonies. Colony in (a) measures ~81 cm. Size not available for (d). Photo credits: ArcticNet-CSSF-DFO (a) and ROPOS-DFO (d).
Figure 8 in Morphology and composition of the internal axis in two morphologically contrasting deep-water sea pens (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)
Figure 8. Axis area and relative weight in relation to distance from base in five colonies of Umbellula encrinus (a–b), and in eight colonies of Anthoptilum grandiflorum (c–d). The vertical arrows indicate maximum peduncle length for the studied colonies.
Figure 4 in Morphology and composition of the internal axis in two morphologically contrasting deep-water sea pens (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)
Figure 4. Umbellula encrinus. (a) colony in situ standing in a ~90° position (Qikiqtarjuaq, Baffin Bay, at 680 m, estimated to be ~2 m tall); (b) twisting of axis; (c) colony in situ (Scott Inlet, Baffin Bay, at 520 m) with inset showing twisting of stalk. Photo credits: ArcticNet-CSSF-DFO (a, c).
Mycorrhizal symbiosis and phosphorus supply determine interactions among plants with contrasting nutrient-acquisition strategies
<p>Highly diverse plant communities growing on nutrient-impoverished soils are test beds for theories on species coexistence. Here, neighbouring mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants compete for limited phosphorus. The impact of belowground interactions on community dynamics is underexplored.</p> <p>We used an experimental approach to investigate effects of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and a phosphorus supply gradient on competitive and facilitative interactions among mixed assemblages of woody plants in microcosms. The plant species, one cluster-root forming (CR) species and four AM species, are native to jarrah forest that grows on nutrient-impoverished soils in south-western Australia. We measured plant growth in microcosms, with and without inoculation with the AM fungus <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i>,<i> </i>and across a gradient of P supply: 0, 9, 27, and 243 mg P per kg of soil.</p> <p>Our data show evidence of plant-plant facilitation at low P supply and competition at high P supply. Growth of the CR species, <i>Hakea undulata</i>, was highest in microcosms with 0P and without AM inoculation. One AM species, <i>Bossiaea aquifolium</i>, also performed better at lower P levels, possibly benefitting from P mobilised by <i>H. undulata</i>. The other three AM species, one strongly obligate, performed better at higher P levels. Data for <i>Acacia celastrifolia</i> suggested it was facultatively mycotropic, and because there was no correlation between AM colonisation and the relative inoculum effect, we suggest positive effects of AM inoculation at 9P might be due to benefits other than P-acquisition, such as pathogen defence. Benefit of AM inoculation diminished for three of four mycorrhizal species at the highest P-level as we had predicted. The fourth species, <i>Eucalyptus marginata</i> (jarrah), had higher growth in microcosms that were not inoculated with AM, perhaps because the species benefits more from ectomycorrhizas.</p> <p><i>Synthesis. </i>Our experimental data suggests spatial heterogeneity of soil P, coupled with a diversity of nutrient acquisition strategies, and plasticity among plant-plant and plant-AM fungi interactions, contributes to plant species coexistence in the nutrient-impoverished jarrah forest. Our research highlights the importance of belowground mechanisms for understanding factors determining community structure including a potential role of AM fungi in plant pathogen defence.</p>
Figure 1 in Diet comparison between rainforest and cave populations of Craugastor alfredi (Anura: Craugastoridae): does diet vary in contrasting habitats?
Figure 1. Observed (dark grey bars) and estimated (light grey bars) dietary diversity based on numeric data of the rainforest and cave populations of Craugastor alfredi. Error bars of estimated dietary diversity are 95% confidence intervals.
Figure 2 in Contrasting modes of handling moss for feeding and case-building by the caddisfly Scelotrichia willcairnsi (Insecta: Trichoptera)
Figure 2. Scelotrichia willcairnsi sp. nov., male genitalia: (A) dorsal view; (B) ventral view; (C) lateral view. Scale bar50.1 mm.
Figure 1 in Contrasting modes of handling moss for feeding and case-building by the caddisfly Scelotrichia willcairnsi (Insecta: Trichoptera)
Figure 1. (A) Scelotrichia willcairnsi sp. nov., cased final instar larvae and pupae among moss, Platyhypnidium muelleri; (B) S. willcairnsi sp. nov., mature larva in case made of fragments of moss leaf; (C) enlargement of small section of case showing moss leaf fragments; (D) sample of larval gut contents showing ingested moss leaf fragments; (E) adult male caddisfly. Scale bars: (B,E)51 mm; (C,D)550 mm.
Fig. 3 in Contrasting Influence of Natural Nighttime Illumination on Capture Rates of the American Burying Beetle and Roundneck Burying Beetle (Coleoptera: Silphidae)
Fig. 3. Seasonal dynamics of illumination of the moon (%) and raw trap counts for the A) Oklahoma and B) Nebraska data sets. Raw counts do not account for trap number, clouds, or other weather variables.
Fig. 1 in Contrasting Influence of Natural Nighttime Illumination on Capture Rates of the American Burying Beetle and Roundneck Burying Beetle (Coleoptera: Silphidae)
Fig. 1. Predicted and observed counts of burying beetles in Oklahoma at differing levels of illumination. A) Predicted number of American burying beetles and C) roundneck burying beetles caught per night per 23 traps (± SE) given the model that count was affected by illumination, clouds, and their interaction. For predictions, all variables other than % illumination and cloud cover were held constant (low temperature, average humidity, top wind speed, and trap number at their mean value across the data set and precipitation at none). B) Observed number of American burying beetles and D) roundneck burying beetles caught in either 16 or 32 traps for different levels of illumination.
Radiomics and Artificial Intelligence Analysis with Textural Metrics Extracted by Contrast-Enhanced Mammography in the Breast Lesions Classification.
<p>We uploaded the database of 104 lesions included in the manuscript: Fusco R, Piccirillo A, Sansone M, Granata V, Rubulotta MR, Petrosino T, Barretta ML, Vallone P, Di Giacomo R, Esposito E, Di Bonito M, Petrillo A. Radiomics and Artificial Intelligence Analysis with Textural Metrics Extracted by Contrast-Enhanced Mammography in the Breast Lesions Classification. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 Apr 30;11(5):815. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11050815. PMID: 33946333; PMCID: PMC8146084.</p>
Disentangling the effects of male age and mating history: contrasting effects of mating history on pre-copulatory mating behaviour and paternity success
<p>Many studies ask whether older males are better at acquiring mates. Even so, how age affects reproductive success is still poorly understood because male age and mating history are confounded in most studies: older males usually have more mating experience. To what extent does mating history rather than age explain variation in male mating success? And how do mating history and male age determine paternity when there is also post-copulatory sexual selection? Here we experimentally manipulated the mating history of old and young males in the eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). We then recorded male mating behaviour and share of paternity (1259 offspring from 232 potential sires) when they competed for mates and fertilizations. Old males, and males with no mating experience, spent significantly more time approaching females, and attempting to mate, than did young males and those with greater mating experience. Male age and mating history interacted to affect paternity: old males benefited from having previous mating experience, but young males did not. Our results highlight that the age-related changes in male reproductive traits and in paternity that have been described in many taxa, may be partly attributable to male mating history and not simply to age itself.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.