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5,510 results for “Foods”
Data from: Response to food restriction, but not social information use, varies seasonally in captive cardueline finches
<p>Temperate winters can impose severe conditions on songbirds that threaten survival, including shorter days and often lower temperature and food availability. One well-studied mechanism by which songbirds cope with such conditions is seasonal acclimatization of thermal metabolic traits, with strong evidence for both preparative and responsive changes in thermogenic capacity (i.e., the ability to generate heat) to low winter temperature. However, a bird's ability to cope with seasonal extremes or unpredictable events is likely dependent on a combination of behavioral and physiological traits that function to maintain allostatic balance. The ability to cope with reduced food availability may be an important component of organismal response to temperate winters in songbirds. Here we compare responses to experimentally reduced food availability at different times of year in captive red crossbills (<em>Loxia curvirostra</em>) and pine siskins (<em>Spinus pinus</em>) – two species that cope with variable food resources and live in cold places – to investigate seasonal changes in the organismal response to food availability. Further, red crossbills are known to use social information to improve response to reduced food availability, so we also examine whether use of social information in this context varies seasonally in this species. We find that pine siskins and red crossbills lose less body mass during time-restricted feedings in late winter compared to summer, and that red crossbills further benefit from social information gathered from observing other food-restricted red crossbills in both seasons. Observed changes in body mass were only partially explained by seasonal differences in food intake. Our results demonstrate seasonal acclimation to food stress and social information use across seasons in a controlled captive environment and highlight the importance of considering diverse physiological systems (e.g., thermogenic, metabolic, digestive, etc) to understand organismal responses to environmental challenges.</p>
Adolescent screen time and unhealthy food consumption in the context of the digital development in New Caledonia
<p>Data from self-report questionnaires on time spent in front of tablets, computers and mobile phones, as well as the consumption of unhealthy food and drinks.</p> <p>Participant characteristics: 11 to 15 years old students.</p> <p>Number of participants: 867.</p> <p>Year of the study: 2018 - 2019.</p> <p>Place of the study: New Caledonia.</p> <p> </p>
Results from national testing programs on the occurrence of chemical contaminants in food and feed - Switzerland
<p>In the framework of Articles 23 and 33 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 EFSA has received from the European Commission a mandate (M-2010-0374) to collect all available data on the occurrence of chemical contaminants in food and feed. These data are used in EFSA’s scientific opinions and reports on contaminants in food and feed. </p> <p>The presence of unauthorised substances or chemical contaminants in food may pose a risk factor for public health and can cause a negative impact on the quality of food. </p> <p>Commission Recommendations and Regulations on occurrence monitoring are in place for several contaminants of interest, some of which can be found here below: </p> <ul> <li>Commission Regulation (EU) 625/2017, on the application of food and feed law</li> <li>Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/931</li> <li>Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/932</li> <li>Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915, on maximum levels for certain contaminants in food and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006</li> </ul> <p>These datasets contain the results of sampling that was designed according to national testing programs for a variety of contaminants in food and feed, as reported under the Chemical Monitoring Data Collection 2023 split by sampling year (data element ‘sampY’). </p> <p>More details are available in last year's finalised call for data ‘<a href="https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/call/call-continuous-collection-chemical-contaminants-occurrence-data-food-and-feed-2023">Call for continuous collection of chemical contaminants occurrence data in food and feed | EFSA (europa.eu)</a>’.</p> <p>REPORTING AUTHORITIES CONTRIBUTING TO EACH DATA COLLECTION: </p> <p>OCC-CHEMMON2023 – Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office</p>
Quantitative tracking of nanoplastics along the food chain from lettuce (Lactuca sativa) to snails (Cantareus aspersus)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Scientific Webinar on Sustainable Public Food Procurement (SPFP) in the European Union
<p>On 23 April 2024, <a href="https://sapiensnetwork.eu/">SAPIENS Network</a> <a href="https://sapiensnetwork.eu/research/early-stage-researcher-projects/sustainability-to-collective-table/">Early Stage Researcher Chiara Falvo</a> held a scientific webinar focusing on Sustainable Public Food Procurement (SPFP) in the European Union. The event took place in hybrid form and was hosted within the Master’s Course in Food Systems Law at the Department of Law of the University of Turin, also in collaboration with the Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA). After a brief introduction on public procurement law and practice, Chiara delved into the legal strategies and mechanisms for integrating social and environmental considerations into the procurement of food and catering services. She also highlighted some national and local experiences that are leading the way in the field. During the event, <a href="https://www.giurisprudenza.unito.it/do/docenti.pl/Alias?silvia.mirate#tab-profilo">Professor Silvia Mirate</a>, who also acted as a discussant, provided an overview on the new EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), followed by Chiara's exploration of its relevance for public procurement. Contributing to bridging the gap between the scientific domains of law and agricultural and forestry sciences, this webinar may be relevant for students and newcomers to public procurement, especially in the food sector, as well as for anyone interested in understanding deforestation issues and the latest legal mechanisms to combat them. </p>
Multiple stressors simplify freshwater food webs
<p>Globally, freshwater ecosystems are threatened by multiple stressors, yet our knowledge of how they combine to regulate the structure and energy dynamics of food webs remains scant. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a large-scale mesocosm experiment to quantify the single and combined effects of three common anthropogenic stressors, including warming, increased nutrient loading, and insecticide pollution, on the network structure and energetic processes of shallow lake food webs. We identified both antagonistic and synergistic interactive effects on aquatic food webs. Overall, multiple stressors simplified the food web, elongated energy transfer pathways, and shifted energy flow from benthic to more pelagic pathways. This increased the risk of a regime shift from a clear-water state dominated by submerged macrophytes to a turbid state dominated by phytoplankton. Our study highlights how multiple anthropogenic stressors can interactively disrupt food webs, with implications for understanding and managing these ecosystems in a changing world.</p>
Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bacillus subtilis as Potential Protective Cultures for Biopreservation in the Food Industry
<div> <p>This dataset contains the raw data corresponding to the figures and tables of the publication with DOI <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/app14104016">10.3390/app14104016</a>, as well as the accession numbers assigned to the related sequencing data.</p> </div>
Data from: Influence of agricultural intensification on pollinator pesticide exposure, food acquisition and diversity
<p>Pollinators are essential for maintaining sustainable crop production, while the decline of pollinators is a widespread concern. Agricultural intensification is one of the primary drivers of the decline of insect pollinators. Agricultural intensification usually involves a decreasing of non-crop semi-natural habitat and an increasing of pesticide exposure for pollinators. However, causal links between agricultural intensification, increased pesticide exposure, and reduced pollinator's food sources and pollinator diversity remain underexplored.</p> <p>We assessed pollinator diversity across a landscape gradient where the proportion of rice ranged from 11% to 85% in South China. We placed honeybee (<em>Apis mellifera</em>) and mason bee (<em>Osmia excavata</em>) in these landscapes and investigated pesticide exposure in honeybee foragers and pollen, and in mason bee pollen and nesting materials. We also assessed the acquisition of food by mason bees.</p> <p>We found a higher frequency of pesticide detection in honeybee foragers and honeybee pollen samples in areas with a higher proportion of rice fields. There was a strong positive relationship between mason bee food acquisition and the proportion of semi-natural habitats, while no significant effects of pesticide exposure on pollinator diversity were found in addition to the effect of semi-natural habitat.</p> <p><em>Synthesis and applications</em>: Our results suggest that pollinator communities could be at an increased risk of pesticide exposure due to intensified agriculture, while the negative impact on pollinator diversity mainly results from the loss of habitat and/or reduced food sources. This study highlights the importance of conserving semi-natural habitat to mitigate the causes of decline in pollinator diversity. We also recommend long-term, multi-year studies to further understand the mechanisms behind the loss of pollinators in farming landscapes.</p>
Investigating food production-associated DNA methylation changes in paleogenomes: lack of consistent signals beyond technical noise
<p>The Neolithic transition introduced major diet and lifestyle changes to human populations across continents. Beyond well-documented bioarchaeological and genetic effects, whether these changes also had molecular-level epigenetic repercussions in past human populations has been an open question. In fact, methylation signatures can be inferred from UDG-treated ancient DNA through postmortem damage patterns, but with low signal-to-noise ratios; it is thus unclear whether published paleogenomes would provide the necessary resolution to discover systematic effects of lifestyle and diet shifts. To address this we compiled UDG-treated shotgun genomes of 13 pre-Neolithic hunter-gatherer (HGs) and 21 Neolithic farmer (NFs) individuals from West and North Eurasia, published by six different laboratories and with coverage c.1x-58x (median=9x). We used epiPALEOMIX and a Monte Carlo normalization scheme to estimate methylation levels per genome. Our paleomethylome dataset showed expected genome-wide methylation patterns such as CpG island hypomethylation. However, analysing the data using various approaches did not yield any systematic signals for subsistence type, genetic sex, or tissue effects. Comparing the HG-NF methylation differences in our dataset with methylation differences between hunter-gatherers vs. farmers in modern-day Central Africa also did not yield consistent results. Meanwhile, paleomethylome profiles did cluster strongly by their laboratories of origin. Using larger data volumes, minimizing technical noise and/or using alternative protocols may be necessary for capturing subtle environment-related biological signals from paleomethylomes.</p>
Dataset for "Flavor network and the principles of food pairing"
<p>Dataset for Ahn, Y. Y., Ahnert, S. E., Bagrow, J. P., & Barabási, A. L. (2011). Flavor network and the principles of food pairing. <em>Scientific reports</em>, <em>1</em>(1), 196. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00196</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Thermal plasticity in protective wing pigmentation is modulated by genotype and food availability in an insect model of seasonal polyphenism
<p>Phenotypic variation in natural populations results from complex interactions between organisms and their changing environments. The environment shapes both phenotypic frequencies (during adaptation) and organismal phenotypes (through phenotypic plasticity). Developmental plasticity, in particular, refers to the phenomenon whereby an organism's phenotype depends on the environmental conditions during development. It can match phenotype to ecological conditions and help organisms to cope with environmental heterogeneity, including differences between alternating seasons. Experimental studies of developmental plasticity often focus on the impact of individual environmental cues and do not take explicit account of genetic variation. In contrast, natural environments are complex, comprising multiple variables with combined effects that are poorly understood and may vary among genotypes. We investigated the effects of multifactorial environments on the development of the seasonally plastic eyespots of <em>Bicyclus anynana</em> butterflies. Eyespot size depends on developmental temperature and is involved in alternative seasonal strategies for predator avoidance. In nature, both temperature and food availability undergo seasonal fluctuations. However, our understanding of how thermal plasticity in eyespot size varies in response to food availability and across genotypes remains limited. To address this, we investigated the combined effects of temperature (T; two levels: 20°C and 27°C) and food availability (N; two levels: control and limited) during development. We examined their impact on wing and eyespot size in adult males and females from multiple genotypes (G; 28 families). We found evidence of thermal and nutritional plasticity and temperature-by-nutrition interactions (significant TxN) on the size of eyespots in both sexes. Food limitation resulted in relatively smaller eyespots and tempered the effects of temperature. Additionally, we found differences among families for thermal plasticity (significant GxT effects), but not for nutritional plasticity (non-significant GxN effects) nor for the combined effects of temperature and food limitation (non-significant GxTxN effects). Our results reveal the context dependence of thermal plasticity, with the slope of thermal reaction norms varying across genotypes and across nutritional environments. We discuss these results in light of the ecological significance of pigmentation and the value of considering thermal plasticity in studies of the biological impact of climate change.</p>
Fig. 2 in A glimpse into ancient food storage: Sequestrichnia and associated nucleocave Chondrites from Eocene deep-sea deposits
Fig. 2. Stratigraphic position of the Zoophycos Bed in the southern part of the studied locality.
Fig. 3 in Habitat Preference In Territories Of The Red-Backed Shrike Lanius Collurio And Their Food Richness In An Extensive Agriculture Landscape
Fig. 3. Mean numbers of more important invertebrate taxa longer than 10 mm in four types of habitat
Fig. 2 in Habitat Preference In Territories Of The Red-Backed Shrike Lanius Collurio And Their Food Richness In An Extensive Agriculture Landscape
Fig. 2. Comparison of invertebrate biomass 4–10 mm in length in four types of habitat
Fig.4 in Habitat Preference In Territories Of The Red-Backed Shrike Lanius Collurio And Their Food Richness In An Extensive Agriculture Landscape
Fig.4. Comparison of invertebrate biomass longer than 10 mm in four types of habitat
Development of innovative antioxidant food packaging systems based on natural extracts from food industry waste and Moringa oleifera leaves
<p>This is the dataset of "Development of innovative antioxidant food packaging systems based on natural extracts from food industry waste and Moringa oleifera leaves"</p> <p> </p> <p><span>This research is funded by the project 21GRD07 PlasticTrace. This project has received funding from the European Partnership on Metrology, co-financed from the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme and by the Participating States.</span></p> <p><span>Funder name: European Partnership on Metrology<br>• Funder ID: 10.13039/100019599<br>• Grant number: 21GRD07 PlasticTrace</span></p>
Asymmetric control mechanism yields food web complexity
<p>We compiled a large dataset of empirical food webs mainly from several sources listed below:<br>(i) [https://www.web-of-life.es/map.php?type=7](https://www.web-of-life.es/map.php?type=7)<br>(ii) Brose, U., Archambault, P., Barnes, A.D. et al. 2019. Predator traits determine food-web architecture across ecosystems. Nat Ecol Evol 3, 919–927. (URL: [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0899-x](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0899-x))<br>(iii) Cohen, J. E., Briand, F., & Newman, C. M. (2012). Community food webs: data and theory (Vol. 20). Springer Science & Business Media. (URL: [https://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/cohen_joel_laboratory/1/](https://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/cohen_joel_laboratory/1/))</p> <p>This dataset includes 277 empirical food webs across the globe, with each trophic linking matrix listed in the file "Linking matrices" (.txt). We also specified the name of every species ID represented in each matrix (see the file "SpeciesID&SpeciesType" with .txt). In "Details for real food webs.xlsx", we described the geographic location, latitude, longitude and the corresponding reference for each empirical food web.</p> <p>Using these empirical food webs, we conducted a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for their multiple structural properties, including species richness (N), connectance (C), omnivory (O) and the maximal food chain length (FCLmax).</p>
Elk food habits using DNA metabarcoding for plant identification
<p>North American elk (<em>Cervus canadensis</em>) inhabited portions of the Eastern United States until extirpation in the mid-1800s. From 2000 to 2008, 201 elk were reintroduced to the North Cumberland Wildlife Management Area (NCWMA), Tennessee. The stocking source was Elk Island National Park, Alberta Canada where there are two distinct genetic populations isolated from the north and south. This genetic structure has largely persisted in the population after translocation. Food habits were evaluated in the early stages of restoration, but the population has had approximately 20 years to adapt to the landscape, and current food habits are unknown. To assess diet composition using DNA metabarcoding, we collected fecal pellets of elk from 65 openings within the 79,318-ha NCWMA weekly from February to April of 2019. We targeted the ITS2 region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA to amplify vegetation sequences found in the internal portion of the elk feces. DNA metabarcoding of feces was linked to results from an accompanying elk population genetics study to investigate food habits between sexes from the two different genetic groups. The majority (80.298%) of sequences matched plants from 22 genera. The top genera (>5.000%) represented were <em>Vaccinium</em> (15.216%), <em>Festuca</em> (8.446%), <em>Rosa</em> (6.358%), <em>Robinia</em> (5.793%), and <em>Eleagnus</em> (5.186%). Elk heavily used woody plants before and after spring green-up (>50% of diet). However, the quantity of forbs in their diet more than doubled after emergence in the spring. The sex-genetic groups consumed similar vegetation in approximately proportionate amounts. Diversity analyses revealed a significant difference in plant genera sequence detection between males from the two genetic groups, although this finding is likely explained by limited sample size. NCWMA elk used a variety of forage in the winter and DNA metabarcoding analysis allows for a comprehensive analysis of food habits useful for monitoring how elk respond dietarily to habitat management.</p>
Figure 2 in Response and tolerance mechanism of food crops under high temperature stress: a review
Figure 2. Schematic representation of tolerance mechanism of plants during heat stress.
Figure 2 in Plant growth promoting bacteria drive food security
Figure 2. Screening steps to obtain efficient bioinoculants.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.