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Fig. 11. Crenobia a in Biogeography and diversification of the freshwater planarian Crenobia alpina sensu lato (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida): A synthetic review

Fig. 11. Crenobia a. corsica. Photomicrographs. (A) RMNH VER. 21014.a, sagittal section, showing the large testes (B) RMNH VER. 21014.a, sagittal section, showing the large copulatory complex.

Fig. 2 in Biogeography and diversification of the freshwater planarian Crenobia alpina sensu lato (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida): A synthetic review

Fig. 2. Crenobia alpina. Formation of a constriction at one of the lateral body margins, forming the first step in asexual reproduction through the process of autotomy or fission; A:early stage, B: later stage (after Steinmann & Bresslau 1913).

Fig. 13. Crenobia a. corsica. RMNH VER. 21014.a in Biogeography and diversification of the freshwater planarian Crenobia alpina sensu lato (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida): A synthetic review

Fig. 13. Crenobia a. corsica. RMNH VER. 21014.a, sagittal section. Photomicrograph of penis papilla, in relation to size atrium.

Fig. 17. Crenobia a in Biogeography and diversification of the freshwater planarian Crenobia alpina sensu lato (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida): A synthetic review

Fig. 17. Crenobia a. anophthalma. Photomicrographs. (A) RMNH VER. 21021.a, sagittal section, showing the three pharynges (B) RMNH VER. 21022.b, sagittal section, showing the rather large testes.

Fig. 3. Crenobia a. montenigrina. Preserved specimen showing 10 in Biogeography and diversification of the freshwater planarian Crenobia alpina sensu lato (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida): A synthetic review

Fig. 3. Crenobia a. montenigrina. Preserved specimen showing 10 pharynges and the radial muscle plates around the genital atrium (after Beauchamp 1961).

Fig. 7 in Biogeography and diversification of the freshwater planarian Crenobia alpina sensu lato (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida): A synthetic review

Fig. 7. Distribution of Crenobia alpina alpina in Asia Minor (from Kosswig & Ermin 1950) and C. a. montenigrina in Crete (USNM 57873, Meskla; see also Kenk (1930); localities of specimens of C. a. montenigrina on Crete examined for the present paper - see below, under Material examined; localities in close proximity, in relation to the present map, have been pooled). Filled green diamond: C. a. alpina, sexually reproducing population; filled black rectangle: C. a. montenigrina. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 6 in Biogeography and diversification of the freshwater planarian Crenobia alpina sensu lato (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida): A synthetic review

Fig. 6. Sampling localities from: Volz (1901*); Mr´azek, 1907; Kom´arek (1920); Steinmann (1911); Hofsten (1916*, 1919); Roszkowski (1921, 1930*); Schmassmann (1923); Arndt (1922, 1926), Poli´nski (1926*); Ischreyt (1927); Beauchamp (1932); Pagast & Froese (1933*); Petersen (1935*); Ullyott (1936); Thienemann (1938); So´os (1943); Benazzi (1946, 1947); Steinb¨ock (1949*); Adlmannseder (1953*); Luther (1961*), Hoffmann (1964*); Oomen & Geelen (1966); Wegelin (1966*); van der Linden (1969); Dutrillaux & Lenicque (1971); N˘ast˘asescu (1974*); Giesen-Hildebrand (1975); Kenk (1978); Pala et al. (1980*); Van der Velde & Cuppen (1981); Witzleb (1989*); Roca et al. (1992*); Geissen (1993); Fülep (2009); Horstmann (2013*); Babalean (2017); Stocchino (2018*); Arrow (2019*); Beracko and Revajova´(2019); Oko´n et al. (2020); USNM 53404, USNM 58677: Jastrebac, Serbia (C. a. montenigrina); USNM: 53400, 53401, 53402, 53403, 58673, 58674, 58675, 58676 (C. a. alpina, various localities in Slovenia and Croatia); MfN*: 6365, 7150, 725-Q, 8150, 8153, 8200, 8255, 8584, 9726, 9727 (C. a. montenegrina, various localities in Italy and eastern Europe); NBC*: localities of specimens examined for the present paper (see below, under the various taxonomic headings). Filled red circle: C. a. alpina, asexually reproducing population(s); filled blue asterisk: C. alpina, population with both sexually and asexually reproducing individuals; filled green diamond: C. a. alpina, sexually reproducing population; black cross: C. a. alpina, type of reproduction unknown; filled octagonal: C. a. corsica; filled triangle: C. a. anophthalma; filled black rectangle: C. a. montenigrina; inverted (top-down) filled triangle: C. a. bathycola. * Localities in close proximity, in relation to the present map, have been pooled. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 5 in Biogeography and diversification of the freshwater planarian Crenobia alpina sensu lato (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida): A synthetic review

Fig. 5. Sampling localities from Dahm (1958). Localities in close proximity, in relation to the present map, have been pooled. Filled red circle: C. alpina, asexually reproducing population(s); filled blue asterisk: C. alpina, population with both sexually and asexually reproducing individuals; filled green diamond: C. alpina, sexually reproducing population; black cross: C. alpina, type of reproduction unknown. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 15. Crenobia a. montenigrina. RMNH VER. 20036.b in Biogeography and diversification of the freshwater planarian Crenobia alpina sensu lato (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida): A synthetic review

Fig. 15. Crenobia a. montenigrina. RMNH VER. 20036.b, sagittal section. Photomicrograph of large testes, extending backwards beyond the root of the pharynx.

Fig. 1 in Biogeography and diversification of the freshwater planarian Crenobia alpina sensu lato (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida): A synthetic review

Fig. 1. Crenobia alpina (A) External appearance (scale bar unavailable) (B) Detail of head with eyes (after Hauser & Heller 1983).

Fig. 9 in Biogeography and diversification of the freshwater planarian Crenobia alpina sensu lato (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida): A synthetic review

Fig. 9. (A) Crenobia a. alpina, RMNH VER. 21013.b, sagittal section, photomicrograph of copulatory apparatus showing the bright blue staining fibrous layer (B) Crenobia a. montenigrina, RMNH VER. 21020.c, sagittal section, photomicrograph of zone of myoblasts. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

FIGURE 8. Polycelis eudendrocoeloides. A in Two species of Polycelis (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Planariidae) newly recorded for the Qinling Mountains and the Loess Plateau in China, with a comparative discussion on their karyotypes

FIGURE 8. Polycelis eudendrocoeloides. A metaphase plate of diploid complement. B karyogram of diploid complement. C idiogram. Scale bar: 5 μm.

FIGURE 10. Polycelis eudendrocoeloides. A in Two species of Polycelis (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Planariidae) newly recorded for the Qinling Mountains and the Loess Plateau in China, with a comparative discussion on their karyotypes

FIGURE 10. Polycelis eudendrocoeloides. A sagittal section of ZMHNU-JX2, showing spermiducal vesicles. B horizontal section of ZMHNU-JX9, showing seminal vesicle, oviduct and vas deferens. C sagittal section of ZMHNU-JX8, showing seminal vesicle, bursal canal, male atrium and common oviduct. D sagittal section of ZMHNU-JX2, showing seminal vesicle, bursal canal and male atrium. E sagittal section of ZMHNU-JX4, showing copulatory bursa, bursal canal, male atrium and seminal vesicle. F sagittal section of ZMHNU-JX8, showing the thick layer of circular muscles and male atrium. Scale bars: 100 μm.

FIGURE 7 in Two species of Polycelis (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Planariidae) newly recorded for the Qinling Mountains and the Loess Plateau in China, with a comparative discussion on their karyotypes

FIGURE 7. Habitat and external appearance of Polycelis eudendrocoeloides. A & B sampling site and habitat. C sexually mature, live individual. D Head with eyes, Scale bar: 500 μm.

FIGURE 6 in Two species of Polycelis (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Planariidae) newly recorded for the Qinling Mountains and the Loess Plateau in China, with a comparative discussion on their karyotypes

FIGURE 6. Polycelis asiatica. Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of ZMHNU-GYS6. Scale bar: 100 μm.

FIGURE 3. Polycelis asiatica. A in Two species of Polycelis (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Planariidae) newly recorded for the Qinling Mountains and the Loess Plateau in China, with a comparative discussion on their karyotypes

FIGURE 3. Polycelis asiatica. A metaphase plate of diploid complement. B karyogram of diploid complement. C idiogram. Scale bar: 5 μm.

FIGURE 2 in Two species of Polycelis (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Planariidae) newly recorded for the Qinling Mountains and the Loess Plateau in China, with a comparative discussion on their karyotypes

FIGURE 2. Habitat and external appearance of Polycelis asiatica. A & B sampling site and habitat. C sexually mature, live individual. D Head with eyes, Scale bar: 500 μm.

FIGURE 4 in Two species of Polycelis (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Planariidae) newly recorded for the Qinling Mountains and the Loess Plateau in China, with a comparative discussion on their karyotypes

FIGURE 4. Polycelis asiatica. Photomicrographs of sagittal sections. A RMNH.VER.21595.2, showing pharyngeal musculature. B sagittal section of ZMHNU-GYS1, showing ovary and testes. C ZMHNU-GYS6, showing common oviduct and longitudinal muscles and circular muscles around bursal canal. D ZMHNU-GYS5, showing large copulatory bursa. Scale bars: 100 μm.

FIGURE 5. Polycelis asiatica. Photomicrographs. A in Two species of Polycelis (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Planariidae) newly recorded for the Qinling Mountains and the Loess Plateau in China, with a comparative discussion on their karyotypes

FIGURE 5. Polycelis asiatica. Photomicrographs. A sagittal section of RMNH.VER.21595.2, showing penis papilla, copulatory bursa, bursal canal, ejaculatory duct and seminal vesicle. B sagittal section of ZMHNU-GYS6, showing copulatory bursa, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct and seminal vesicle. C sagittal section of ZMHNU-GYS6, showing spermiducal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and seminal vesicle. D sagittal section of ZMHNU-GYS4, showing vas deferens, gonopore, ejaculatory duct and seminal vesicle. E transverse section of ZMHNU-GYS7, showing seminal vesicle, bursal canal and common oviduct. F horizontal section of ZMHNU-GYS8, showing ejaculatory duct and seminal vesicle. Scale bars: 100 μm.

FIGURE 9. Polycelis eudendrocoeloides. Photomicrographs. A in Two species of Polycelis (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Planariidae) newly recorded for the Qinling Mountains and the Loess Plateau in China, with a comparative discussion on their karyotypes

FIGURE 9. Polycelis eudendrocoeloides. Photomicrographs. A sagittal section of ZMHNU-JX8, showing pharyngeal musculature. B transverse section of ZMHNU-JX10, showing ovaries. C sagittal section of ZMHNU-JX8, showing common oviduct and longitudinal muscles and circular muscles around bursal canal. D transverse section of ZMHNU-JX10, showing longitudinal muscles and circular muscles around bursal canal. E sagittal section of ZMHNU-JX8, showing large copulatory bursa. F sagittal section of ZMHNU-JX8, showing testes. Scale bars: 100 μm.