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Fig. 16. Right maxillary tooth positions 6–8 and dentary tooth positions 9–11 in A New Dromaeosaurid Theropod from Ukhaa Tolgod (Ömnögov, Mongolia)

Fig. 16. Right maxillary tooth positions 6–8 and dentary tooth positions 9–11 of the holotype of Tsaagan mangas (IGM 100/1015). These teeth show the enlarged posterior denticles characteristic of dromaeosaurids.

Text-fig. 1. Geographical position and stratigraphic context of the Pleistocene sites from the Czech Republic and Slovakia containing Apodemus material analyzed in this paper. in Genus Apodemus In The Pleistocene Of Central Europe: When Did The Extant Taxa Appear?

Text-fig. 1. Geographical position and stratigraphic context of the Pleistocene sites from the Czech Republic and Slovakia containing Apodemus material analyzed in this paper.

Text-fig. 19. Position of the studied faunas correlated to chronostratigraphic and biochronological charts. in Late Miocene (Early Turolian) Vertebrate Faunas And Associated Biotic Record Of The Northern Caucasus: Geology, Taxonomy, Palaeoenvironment, Biochronology

Text-fig. 19. Position of the studied faunas correlated to chronostratigraphic and biochronological charts.

Text-fig. 6. The skeletal remains of the European bison from Gladbeck as reconstruction and presentation in the anatomical position. GMM A5.K 517. in Everything Is A Question Of Time - Age Of Important Quaternary Palaeontological Finds From Westphalia

Text-fig. 6. The skeletal remains of the European bison from Gladbeck as reconstruction and presentation in the anatomical position. GMM A5.K 517.

Text-fig. 3. Schematic position of the human modifications (cut marks, impact marks, ochre traces, inserted bones) recognised on the canid remains from Předmostí, indicated on a wolf skeleton; the frequencies of the modifications are not shown. Modified after © 2003 ArcheoZoo.org / Michel Coutureau (Inrap). in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 3. Schematic position of the human modifications (cut marks, impact marks, ochre traces, inserted bones) recognised on the canid remains from Předmostí, indicated on a wolf skeleton; the frequencies of the modifications are not shown. Modified after © 2003 ArcheoZoo.org / Michel Coutureau (Inrap).

Fig. 24 in Redescription and Phylogenetic Position of the Early Miocene Penguin Paraptenodytes antarcticus from Patagonia

Fig. 24. Strict consensus tree from two trees of 2329 steps, total morphological + molecular dataset. Bremer values appear above branches.

Fig. 23 in Redescription and Phylogenetic Position of the Early Miocene Penguin Paraptenodytes antarcticus from Patagonia

Fig. 23. Strict consensus tree from two trees of 393 steps, total morphological dataset (osteology, soft tissue, behavior, and oology). Absolute Bremer values are above branches, relative values are below branches. Bremer values were calculated from a sample of 10,520 trees (see Methods). CI = 0.62, RI = 0.86.

Fig. 22. Strict consensus tree from 2004 in Redescription and Phylogenetic Position of the Early Miocene Penguin Paraptenodytes antarcticus from Patagonia

Fig. 22. Strict consensus tree from 2004 trees of 148 steps, osteological dataset. Absolute Bremer values are above branches, relative values are below branches. Bremer values were calculated from a sample of 16,000 trees (see Methods). CI = 0.60, RI = 0.90.

Fig. 20 in Redescription and Phylogenetic Position of the Early Miocene Penguin Paraptenodytes antarcticus from Patagonia

Fig. 20. Proximal end of right tibiotarsus of Paraptenodytes antarcticus (AMNH 3338) in craniolateral aspect (A); close-up of left tibiotarsus, lateral aspect (B); left tibiotarsus in cranial (C) and caudal (D) aspects. Abbreviations: ccc, crista cnemialis cranialis; ccl, crista cnemialis lateralis; cf, crista fibularis; cl, condylus lateralis; cm, condylus medialis; em, epicondylus medialis; fal, facies articularis lateralis; fam, facies articularis medialis; ic, incisura intercondylaris; ps, pons supratendineus; se, sulcus extensorius; smf, sulcus m. fibularis; tc, trochlea cartilaginis tibialis. Scale bars = 1 cm.

Fig. 18 in Redescription and Phylogenetic Position of the Early Miocene Penguin Paraptenodytes antarcticus from Patagonia

Fig. 18. Close-up of the proximal end of the right humerus of AMNH 3338 in caudal (A), and cranial (B) views. Abbreviations: ic, incisura capitis; st, sulcus lig. transversus; fn, fossa pneumotricipitalis. Scale bars = 1 cm.

Fig. 15 in Redescription and Phylogenetic Position of the Early Miocene Penguin Paraptenodytes antarcticus from Patagonia

Fig. 15. Proximal ends of left (A) and right (B) scapulae, proximal end of a vertebral rib (C), and a right anterolateral fragment of sternum (D) of Paraptenodytes antarcticus (AMNH 3338). Abbreviations: acr: acromion; cc, capitulum costae; fah; facies articularis humeralis; ict, incisura capitulotubercularis; ic, incisura intercostalis; pc, processus costalis; tc, tuberculum costae. Scale bars = 1 cm.

Fig. 16 in Redescription and Phylogenetic Position of the Early Miocene Penguin Paraptenodytes antarcticus from Patagonia

Fig. 16. Coracoideum of AMNH 3338, right in dorsal view (A) and left in ventral view (B). Abbreviations: cs, cotyla scapularis; fc, facies articularis clavicularis; fh, facies articularis humeralis; fs, facies articularis sternalis; ila, impressio lig. acrocoracohumeralis; ims, impressio m. sternocoracoidei; ml, margo lateralis; pp, processus procoracoideus; smc, sulcus m. supracoracoidei. Scale bars = 1 cm.

Fig. 17 in Redescription and Phylogenetic Position of the Early Miocene Penguin Paraptenodytes antarcticus from Patagonia

Fig. 17. Humerus of Paraptenodytes antarcticus (AMNH 3338), right side in cranial view (A) and left side in caudal view (B). Abbreviations: cb, crista bicipitalis; cd, condylus dorsalis; cdt, crista deltopectoralis; ch, caput humeri; cv, condylus ventralis; fn, fossa pneumotricipitalis; ht, sulcus humerotricipitalis; ic, incisura capitis; icb, impressio supracoracoideus; ico, impressio coracobrachialis; st, sulcus lig. transversus; sth, sulcus scapulotricipitalis; tc, ''caudal trochlear process''; tcr, ''cranial trochlear process'' td, tuberculum dorsale; (cranialmost processlike crest at the epicondylus ventralis); tm, medial trochlear process; tv, tuberculum ventrale. Scale bars = 1 cm.

Fig. 13 in Redescription and Phylogenetic Position of the Early Miocene Penguin Paraptenodytes antarcticus from Patagonia

Fig. 13. Sixth cervical vertebra in ventral (A) and lateral (B) views; eighth cervical vertebra in dorsal (C) and lateral (D) view of Paraptenodytes antarcticus (AMNH 3338). Abbreviations: an, ansa costotransversaria; ct, crista transverso-obliqua; fc, fovea cranioventralis; fcd, facies articularis caudalis; fcr, facies articularis cranialis; ftr, foramen transverasrium; pc, processus caroticus; pco, processus costalis; pp, processus postlateralis; ps, processus spinosus; pt, processus tranversus; td, torus dorsalis; zcd, zygapophysis caudalis; zcr, zygapophysis cranialis. Scale bars = 1 cm.

Fig. 5 in Redescription and Phylogenetic Position of the Early Miocene Penguin Paraptenodytes antarcticus from Patagonia

Fig. 5. Skull of Paraptenodytes antarcticus (AMNH 3338) in occipital view. Abbreviations: cns, crista nuchalis sagittalis; cnt, crista nuchalis transversa; co, condylus occipitalis; dpp, dorsolateral projection of the processus paroccipitalis; fnh, foramen nervi hypoglossi; fm, foramen magnum; fro, foramen rami occipitalis arteriae ophthalmicae externae; fst, fossa subtemporalis; ft, fossa temporalis; fv, foramen nervi vagi; msc, attachment area for the m. splenius capitis; pc, prominentia cerebellaris; po, processus postorbitalis; pp, processus paroccipitalis; tb, tuberculum basilare; voe, foramen venae occipitalis externae; vpp, ventral projection of the processus paroccipitalis; zp, processus zygomaticus. Scale bar = 1 cm.

Fig. 10 in Redescription and Phylogenetic Position of the Early Miocene Penguin Paraptenodytes antarcticus from Patagonia

Fig. 10. Articular area of the left mandible of Paraptenodytes antarcticus (AMNH 3338) in dorsal view. Abbreviations: cl, cotyla lateralis; cm, cotyla medialis; pm, processus medialis mandibulae; pr, processus retroarticularis. Scale bar = 1 cm.

Fig. 14 in Redescription and Phylogenetic Position of the Early Miocene Penguin Paraptenodytes antarcticus from Patagonia

Fig. 14. Thirteenth to 16th vertebrae of Paraptenodytes antarcticus (AMNH 3338) in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. Abbreviations: XIII, 13th cervical vertebra; XIV, first thoracic vertebra; XV, second thoracic vertebra; XVI, thirth thoracic vertebra; fc, fovea costalis; ps, processus spinosus; pt, processus transversus; zcd, zygapophysis caudalis; zcr, zygapophysis cranialis. Scale bars = 1 cm.

Fig. 6 in Redescription and Phylogenetic Position of the Early Miocene Penguin Paraptenodytes antarcticus from Patagonia

Fig. 6. Close-up of the right middle ear region of Paraptenodytes antarcticus (AMNH 3338). Abbreviations: cqo, cotyla quadratica otici; cqs, cotyla quadratica squamosi; dpp, dorsolateral projection of processus paroccipitalis; et, tuba auditiva; fng, foramen nervi glossopharyngeus; fnv, foramen nervi vagi; fnm, foramen nervi maxillomandibularis; fdp, foramen pneumaticum dorsale; lpa, lamina parasphenoidalis; mt, metotic process (Saiff, 1976); oc, condylus occipitalis; occ, ostium canalis carotici; oce, ostium canalis ophthalmici externi; tb, tuberculum basilare; tc, tympanic cavity (Saiff, 1976); vpp, ventral projection of the processus paraoccipitalis; zp, processus zygomaticus. Scale bar = 1 cm.

Fig. 1 in Redescription and Phylogenetic Position of the Early Miocene Penguin Paraptenodytes antarcticus from Patagonia

Fig. 1. Skull of Paraptenodytes antarcticus (AMNH 3338) in dorsal view. Abbreviations: cnt, crista nuchalis transversa; ct, crista temporalis; df, depressio frontalis; ft, fossa temporalis; msc, attachment area for the m. splenius capitis; pc, prominentia cerebellaris; po, processus postorbitalis; pp, processus paroccipitalis; pz, processus zygomaticus; sr, supraorbital ridge. Scale bar = 1 cm.

Fig. 4 in Redescription and Phylogenetic Position of the Early Miocene Penguin Paraptenodytes antarcticus from Patagonia

Fig. 4. Close-up of the basicranium of Paraptenodytes antarcticus (AMNH 3338). Abbreviations: ap, foramen for the arteria sphenoidea; ccc, ostium canalis carotici; co, condylus occipitalis; cp, capping pad on the lateral process of the basitemporal plate (basitemporal articulation of the mandible; Bock, 1960); cqo, cotyla quadratica otici; cqs, cotyla quadratica squamosi; dpp, dorsolateral projection of processus paraoccipitalis; et, tuba auditiva; fng, foramen nervi glossopharyngealus; fnv, foramen nervi vagi; fnm, foramen nervi maxillomandibularis; fpd, foramen pneumaticum dorsale; ft, fossa temporalis; lpa, lamina parasphenoidalis; mps, attachment area for m. pseudotemporalis superficialis; oce, ostium canalis ophthalmici externi; po, processus postorbitalis; pp, processus paroccipitalis; rp, rostrum parasphenoidale; sf, fossa subcondylaris; ta, tuba auditiva communis; tb, tuberculum basilare; tc, tympanic cavity (Saiff, 1976); vpp, ventral projection of the processus paraoccipitalis; zp, processus zygomaticus. Scale bar =1 cm.