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3,105 results for “Vegetation =”
Data for: The interplay of environmental cues and wood density in the vegetative and reproductive phenology of seasonally dry tropical forest trees
<p>The great phenological diversification characteristic of seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTF) suggests that these patterns result from a complex interplay between exogenous (e.g., climatic) and endogenous (e.g., morphological, physiological, anatomical) factors. Based on the well-established relationships of wood density with water-storing capacity and cavitation vulnerability in woody plants, we hypothesized differential vegetative and reproductive phenological responses to environmental cues for hardwood and softwood species. To test this hypothesis, we compared phenological patterns of pairs of conspecific populations of 10 species differing in wood density, occurring in two localities with slightly different climatic regimes, and evaluated the influence of three environmental variables (rainfall, photoperiod, temperature) on them. Our results, based on the assessment of the overlap of the phenological curves of conspecific populations occurring in different sites and on linear modeling, showed different effects of the environmental factors on phenophase attributes, depending on wood density of the study species, thus supporting our hypothesis. Leaf out in softwood species took place in the dry season, they shed the foliage at the first signs of drought, and once leafless, they flowered and fruited shortly after. By contrast, hardwood species bore leaves and flowers in the rainy season, shed their leaves several months after the rain ceased, and produced fruits during the dry season. We conclude that the role of environmental variables in cueing growth and reproduction cycles in SDTF tree species is interrelated with their wood density, a key endogenous factor crucially linked to plant hydraulics in these water-limited ecosystems.</p>
Eocene to Oligocene vegetation and climate in the Tasmanian Gateway region controlled by changes in ocean currents and pCO2
<p>Datasets accompanying Eocene to Oligocene vegetation and climate in the Tasmanian Gateway region controlled by changes in ocean currents and pCO2 by Amoo et al.</p> <p>Supplementary table S1: Raw palynomorph assemblage data, total counts, ODP Site 1172 </p> <p>Supplementary table S2: Sporomorph-based climate estimates including MAT, WMMT, CMMT and MAP </p> <p>Supplementary table S3: Sporomorph diversity indices</p>
Vegetative characters of Agave landraces used for the production of pulque in Tlalcuapan, Chiautempan, Tlaxcala
<p>Raw data of 32 morphological variables of vegetative characters of three Agave landraces (N=61 individuals) used for the production of pulque in San Pedro Tlalcuapan locality of Tlaxcala state. <br> The landraces used for pulque production of Agave salmiana ´Manso’, ‘Prieto’ and ‘Amarillo’ were identified at the species and subspecies level following García-Mendoza’s (2011) and Gentry’s (1982) taxonomic keys. Thirthy two morphological variables were measured in de field during 2018. These data were used to analyze and describe the morphological and traditional diversity of these varieties.<br> </p>
AnisoVeg: Anisotropy and Nadir-normalized MODIS MAIAC datasets for satellite vegetation studies in South America
<p><strong>Dataset paper under review.</strong></p> <p><strong>Contact Ricardo Dalagnol (ricds@hotmail.com) for more information.</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Data:</strong> AnisoVeg: Anisotropy and Nadir-normalized MODIS MAIAC datasets for satellite vegetation studies in South America</p> <p><strong>Scale factor</strong>: 10000</p> <p><em>obs: the no_samples layer does not have scale.</em></p> <p><strong>Coverage:</strong> South America land</p> <p><strong>Time period:</strong> 2000 to 2021 (starting in March 2000)</p> <p><strong>Spatial resolution:</strong> 0.009107388 degree equivalent to ~1 km</p> <p><strong>Temporal resolution:</strong> Monthly</p> <p><strong>Coordinate reference system:</strong> geographic projection, datum WGS-84</p> <p><strong>Processing details summary (more detailed explanation in the paper):</strong></p> <ul> <li>The original MODIS (MAIAC) data were described by Lyasputin et al. 2011 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014986">https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014986</a>). The daily MODIS (MAIAC) surface reflectance data from collection 6, acquired from Terra and Aqua satellites, are available from the MCD19A1 product (<a href="https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/archive/allData/6/MCD19A1">https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/archive/allData/6/MCD19A1</a>). The Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) model parameters are available from MCD19A3 product (<a href="https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/archive/allData/6/MCD19A3">https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/archive/allData/6/MCD19A3</a>)</li> <li>The daily MCD19A1 data at 1 km spatial resolution were normalized using the BRDF parameters and Ross-Thick Li-Sparse (RTLS) model considering (1) a fixed nadir view and a 45 deg. solar zenith angle using the parameters from the MCD19A3 product; and (2) backward and forward scattering. For the nadir (NAD) product, the nadir normalization was taken. For the anisotropy (ANI) product, we calculated the backward minus forward surfaces for each layer, resulting in the ANI product.</li> <li>The daily data were aggregated into monthly composites by the pixel’s median.</li> <li>The tiles that cover the South America were mosaicked and re-projected from sinusoidal to geographic projection</li> <li>The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) were calculated using standard formulas. The EVI parameters were: C1 = 6, C2 = 7.5, L = 1, G = 2.5</li> </ul> <p><strong>File(s) format:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Zip files - one per year. NAD are the nadir-normalized products and ANI the anisotropy. Inside zip files there are raster files with ".tif" format, one per month window.</li> <li>The filename syntax is "maiac_southamerica_month_PRODUCT_YYYY_MM_LAYER_latlon.tif", where YYYY is the year (e.g. 2000), MM is the month with two digits (e.g. 03 for March), PRODUCT is either nadir or anisotropy, and LAYER can be bands 1-8, EVI and NDVI.</li> <li>There is also the number of samples (no_samples) layers for each date, which can be used to filter composites with a minimum desirable number of daily observations. </li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Code:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/ricds/maiac_processing">https://github.com/ricds/maiac_processing</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgements:</strong> R.D. was supported by Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) grants 2015/22987-7 and 2019/21662-8. FHW was supported by FAPESP grant 2015/50484-0. Part of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, including the decision to publish or prepare the manuscript. We thank the MODIS MAIAC team from NASA for providing the freely available MODIS (MAIAC) daily dataset.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Auxiliary data of AnisoVeg:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Backscattering data of AnisoVeg: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6040299">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6040299</a> and <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6040790">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6040790</a></li> <li>Forward scattering data of AnisoVeg: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6048784">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6048784</a> and <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6048793">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6048793</a></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Layers available at Google Earth Engine (GEE):</strong></p> <ul> <li>EVI Anisotropy: <a href="https://code.earthengine.google.com/?asset=projects/anisoveg/assets/evi_anisotropy">https://code.earthengine.google.com/?asset=projects/anisoveg/assets/evi_anisotropy</a></li> <li>EVI Nadir: <a href="https://code.earthengine.google.com/?asset=projects/anisoveg/assets/evi_nadir">https://code.earthengine.google.com/?asset=projects/anisoveg/assets/evi_nadir</a></li> </ul> <p>Obs: these require a (free) google earth engine account.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Dataset usage</strong>: This dataset is a product of hundreds of hours of coding starting in 2016 with the first author PhD work and then into his Postdoc, and many more hundreds hours of data processing. Data is free to use, but if you use this dataset, please cite the dataset paper or this repository (while paper is under review). Invitation for collaboration are welcomed.</p> <ul> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>While the paper is under review, for use of this dataset please cite:</strong></p> <p>Dalagnol, Ricardo; Galvão, Lênio Soares; Wagner, Fabien Hubert; Moura, Yhasmin Mendes; Gonçalves, Nathan; Wang, Yujie; Lyapustin, Alexei; Yang, Yan; Saatchi, Sassan; Aragão, Luiz Eduardo Oliveira e Cruz. (2022). "AnisoVeg: Anisotropy and Nadir-normalized MODIS MAIAC datasets for satellite vegetation studies in South America". (Version v1) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3878879</p>
Weak effects of birds, bats and ants on their arthropod prey on pioneering tropical forest gap vegetation
<p>The relative roles of plants competing for resources versus top-down control of vegetation by herbivores, in turn impacted by predators, during early stages of tropical forest succession remain poorly understood. Here we examine the impact of insectivorous birds, bats and ants exclusion on arthropods communities on replicated 5x5 m of pioneering early successional vegetation plots in lowland tropical forest gaps in Papua New Guinea. In plots from which focal taxa of predators were excluded we observed increased biomass of herbivorous and predatory arthropods, and increased density, and decreased diversity of herbivorous insects. However, changes in the biomass of plants, herbivores and arthropod predators were positively correlated or uncorrelated between these three trophic levels and also between individual arthropod orders. Arthropod abundance and biomass correlated strongly with the plant biomass irrespective of the arthropods' trophic position – a signal of bottom-up control. Patterns in herbivore specialization confirm lack of a strong top-down control and were largely unaffected by the exclusion of insectivorous birds, bats and ants. No changes of plant-herbivore interaction networks were detected except for decrease in modularity of the exclosure plots. Our results suggest weak top-down control of herbivores, limited compensation between arthropod and vertebrate predators, and limited intra-guild predation by birds, bats and ants. Possible explanations are strong bottom-up control, a low activity of the higher order predators, especially birds, possibly also bats, in gaps, and continuous influx of herbivores from surrounding mature forest matrix.</p>
Data from: Controlling trapping, overgrazing and invasive vegetation is key to saving Java's last population of the Black-winged Myna
<p><span><span>The Black-winged Myna (<em>Acridotheres melanopterus</em>) is an Endangered passerine endemic to the islands of Java and Bali, Indonesia. </span><span>Illegal trapping to supply the cage-bird trade has led to its near-total extinction, with the global population estimated to number fewer than 100 individuals. The only known population of Black-winged Mynas on Java occurs at Baluran National Park (BNP). </span>These data were generated to meet the two primary aims of the linked paper: the first was to estimate the Black-winged Myna <em>(Acridotheres</em> <em>melanopterus</em>) population size and range at BNP; and the second was to use species distribution modelling to evaluate the potential suitability of areas currently unoccupied by Black-winged Mynas across BNP to identify priorities for management intervention. We carried out line-transect distance sampling following the standard distance analysis method to estimate the population size. A total of 56 detections of groups of Black-winged Mynas were recorded along line transects and are included in the dataset. These records are associated with the land cover type for that segment of the transect, the perpendicular distance of the record to the transect, and the survey effort associated with each transect. To produce the species distribution model, we used three predictor raster layers along with all Black-winged Myna presences recorded </span>(not freely available, see below) and a generated set of pseudo-absences. The dataset contains both the raw data used to create the land cover classification as well as the final raster. The raw data used to produce the habitat classification contains classified points (n = 426) from across BNP, which were used as a training and test data for a random forest land cover classification.</p>
R script with data for vegetation and macropod scat analysis
<p>Fire and herbivores alter vegetation structure and function. Future fire activity is predicted to increase, and quantifying changes in vegetation communities arising from post-fire herbivory is needed to better manage natural environments.</p> <p>We investigated the effects of post-fire herbivory on understory plant communities in a coastal eucalypt forest in south-eastern Australia. We quantified herbivore activity, understory plant diversity, and dominant plant morphology following a wildfire in 2017 using two sizes of exclosures. Statistical analysis incorporated the effect of exclusion treatments, time since fire (TSF), and the effect of a previous prescribed burn.</p> <p>Exclusion treatments altered herbivore activity, but TSF did not. Herbivory reduced plant species richness, diversity and evenness and promoted the dominance of the most abundant plants within the understory. Increasing TSF reduced community diversity and evenness and influenced morphological changes to the dominant understory plant species, increasing size and dead material while decreasing abundance. We found the legacy effects of a previous prescribed burn had no effect on herbivores or vegetation within our study.</p> <p>Foraging by large herbivores resulted in a depauperate vegetation community. As post-fire herbivory can alter vegetation communities, we postulate that management burning practices may exacerbate herbivore impacts.</p> <p>Future fire management strategies to minimise herbivore-mediated alterations to understory vegetation could include aggregating management burns into larger fire sizes or linking fire management with herbivore management. Restricting herbivore access following fire (planned or otherwise) can encourage a more diverse and species-rich understory plant community. Future research should aim to determine how vegetation change from post-fire herbivory contributes to future fire risk.</p>
Low-intensity cattle grazing is better than cattle exclusion to drive secondary savannas towards the features of native Cerrado vegetation
<p><span>Although livestock have been historically associated with land conversion and biodiversity loss, well-managed cattle grazing has been reported to contribute to conservation of open ecosystems. Knowing the balance between positive and negative effects of livestock (presence or exclusion) on different ecosystems is, therefore, crucial to support management decisions. </span><span>We conducted an experiment </span><span>in a secondary savanna with exotic grasses, used as pasture, to assess the effect of cattle presence in low density and cattle exclusion (in paired plots) on the trajectory of these ecosystems. Richness, composition and structure of the woody community, and exotic grass cover and biomass were compared between treatments in the beginning of the experiment and after seven years. At the end of the experiment, we also compared composition, richness, and density of the native ground layer. We verified that (a) cattle exclusion accelerates the undesirable woody encroachment, changes the species composition and leads to huge grass fuel accumulation, while (b) cattle grazing/browsing hinders changes in savanna structure and composition and reduces the exotic grass cover and biomass, thus favoring native herbaceous plants. By decreasing the grass biomass, cattle grazing also reduces the system flammability and, therefore, the risk and intensity of wildfires. Together, the positive effects of cattle presence and the negative effects of cattle exclusion lead to the conclusion that cattle should be maintained in these systems. Low-intensity cattle grazing limits woody and exotic grass invasion, improves native forb biodiversity, and help maintain </span><span>composition and structural features of secondary savannas of the Cerrado.</span></p>
Neighboring edges: interacting edge effects of linear disturbances on vegetation in treed fens
<p>The influence of edges on forest biodiversity is an important environmental effect associated with habitat fragmentation, as edge effects can further reduce the remaining 'interior' habitat. However, extrapolating the influence of edges across the broader landscape has been difficult, especially regarding how to treat multiple edges in close proximity, where edge effects might interact. In this study, we examined the interaction of edge effects for multiple edges from a dense network of narrow (3-8 m wide) and low-severity linear disturbances called 'seismic lines'. Seismic lines are created during oil and gas exploration and are responsible for severe dissection of boreal forests in western Canada. Specifically, our objectives were to: (1) to compare the edge influence of "wide" (~8 m) and "narrow" (~3 m) seismic lines; and (2) to determine whether edges in close proximity show interaction of edge influences, i.e. do multiple narrow seismic lines have a stronger or weaker edge influence than a single narrow seismic line. We sampled vegetation along transects perpendicular to seismic lines in treed moderate-rich and poor fens. We used randomization tests of edge influence to calculate the magnitude and distance of edge effects. In moderate-rich fens, we found a positive edge influence on understory diversity from both wide and narrow seismic lines. We also found a weakening edge interaction on diversity, i.e., single narrow seismic lines had a stronger edge influence on diversity than multiple narrow seismic lines. In treed poor fens, multiple narrow seismic lines had a negative edge effect on tree density, understory abundance, richness, and composition. In addition, we found strengthening edge interactions in treed poor fens on tree density, graminoid cover, and understory composition. Our results show how assessing the edge influence of multiple disturbances can provide a better understanding of the cumulative effects of habitat fragmentation.</p>
Data on bird communities and vegetation in relation to altitude and habitat alteration in the Kalakad - Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India
<p>The dataset contains data on bird communities and habitat collected between 1997 and 1999 from Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India, related to the following two publications:</p> <ol> <li>Raman, T. R. S., Joshi, N. V. & Sukumar, R. 2005. Tropical rainforest bird community structure in relation to altitude, tree species composition, and null models in the Western Ghats, India. <em>Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society</em> 102: 145-157. <a href="https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb10222005bomb/page/145/mode/2up">https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb10222005bomb/page/145/mode/2up</a> </li> <li>Raman, T. R. S. & Sukumar, R. 2002. Responses of tropical rainforest birds to abandoned plantations, edges, and logged forest in the Western Ghats, India. Animal Conservation 5: 201-216. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1367943002002251">http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1367943002002251 </a> </li> </ol> <p>GEOGRAPHICAL AREA: Kalakad-Mundathurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR), 895 km² sanctuary located between 8°25′ to 8°53′ N and 77°10′ to 77°35′ E in Tamil Nadu state in the Western Ghats mountain range of India.</p> <p>TAXONOMIC SCOPE: Birds, trees</p> <p><strong>Supplementary information</strong></p> <p>The Appendix of Raman and Sukumar (2002) is included in the dataset as an open document format word (ODT) file.</p> <p>Three Tables from Raman et al. (2005) are included in the dataset as an open document format worksheet (ODS) file.</p>
Data from: Influence of topographic features and vegetation on climate refugia in the boreal plains
<ol> <li>Climate-change refugia can be defined by the strength of influence of physiographic and biotic properties on local atmospheric conditions relative to regional averages. In flatter landscapes, thermal heterogeneity and decoupling may be limited. We sought to quantify the magnitude of climate decoupling produced by topographic variation and vegetation in North America's boreal-parkland-grassland transition zone.</li> <li>We deployed iButton data loggers at four hill and 12 river valley systems along a latitudinal gradient in Alberta, Canada (N = 240) between 2014 and 2018. We modelled monthly temperature metrics by season as a function of topography and percent vegetation cover using general linear mixed effect models.</li> <li>Summer T<sub>max</sub> varied ~6 <sup>o</sup>C across the entire elevation gradient sampled, and ~3.5 <sup>o</sup>C within the range of topographic conditions sampled, after accounting for latitude. We found that canopy cover type had a negative effect on most temperature metrics, with coniferous forests having the strongest effect on T<sub>min </sub>and T<sub>ave</sub>. Spatial predictions derived from models based on iButton sensors resulted in similar regional patterns compared to a gridded climate product (ClimateNA), but the difference between them increased with potential solar radiation, vegetation cover and terrain roughness.</li> <li>We observed that local T<sub>max</sub> on steep, north-facing slopes with relatively low levels of potential solar radiation were 0.5 – 1.5 <sup>o</sup>C cooler than the surrounding landscape on average, while terrain roughness may further contribute to 0.5 – 0.7 <sup>o</sup>C. When combined, these local landscape characteristics may compensate for expected warming by the end of the century. Topographic and vegetation characteristics that are related to colder local climates should be considered in the evaluation of future climate-change impacts and to identify potential refugia from climate-change.</li> </ol>
A global 0.05° dataset for gross primary production of sunlit and shaded vegetation canopies (1992–2020)
<p>Distinguishing gross primary production of sunlit and shaded leaves (GPP<sub>sun</sub> and GPP<sub>shade</sub>) is crucial for improving our understanding of the underlying mechanisms regulating long-term GPP variations. Here we produce a global 0.05°, 8-day dataset for GPP, GPP<sub>shade</sub> and GPP<sub>sun</sub> over 1992-2020 using an updated two-leaf light use efficiency model (TL-LUE), which is driven by the GLOBMAP leaf area index, CRUJRA meteorology, and ESA-CCI land cover. Our products estimate the mean annual totals of global GPP, GPP<sub>sun</sub>, and GPP<sub>shade</sub> over 1992-2020 at 125.0±3.8 (mean ± std) Pg C a<sup>-1</sup>, 50.5±1.2 Pg C a<sup>-1</sup>, and 74.5±2.6 Pg C a<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, in which EBF (evergreen broadleaf forest) and CRO (crops) contribute more than half of the totals. They show clear increasing trends over time, in which the trend of GPP (also GPP<sub>sun</sub> and GPP<sub>shade</sub>) for CRO is distinctively greatest, and that for DBF (deciduous broadleaf forest) is relatively large and GPP<sub>shade</sub> overwhelmingly outweighs GPP<sub>sun</sub>. This new dataset advances our in-depth understanding of large-scale carbon cycle processes and dynamics.</p>
Potential Vegetation of Ethiopia
<p>These are the results (defuzzified) of modeling potential dispersal of plant associations across Ethiopia based on a fuzzy model using temperature and precipitation.</p> <p>IG: Last Interglacial<br> LGM: Last Glacial Maximum<br> REC: Recent conditions</p>
Factors influencing the sustainability of homestead vegetable production intervention in Rufiji, Tanzania: A cross-sectional mixed methods study
<p><strong>Background </strong></p> <p>There is growing evidence that home vegetable gardening interventions improve food security and nutrition outcomes at the family level. This study assessed factors influencing the sustainability of homestead vegetable production intervention, one year after the cessation of external support.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>This was a cross-sectional study using both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. A total of 247 randomly selected households that participated in the homestead vegetable intervention were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The study held four focus group discussions with households that participated in the intervention, and four In-Depth interviews with two extension workers, one community health worker, and one agriculture district officer. Multiple logistic regression for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data was conducted.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>About 20.24% (50/247) of households sustained homestead vegetable production for one year after the intervention phased out. Lack of seeds (adjusted OR=1.26: CI=0.39-0.89) and either manure or fertilizers (adjusted OR=1.69: CI =1.08-2.63) were significant factors influencing the sustainability of homesteads vegetable production. In the Focus Group discussions (FGDs) and In-Depth Interview (IDIs), all participating women and extension workers reported high cost of water, destruction from free-grazing animals, agriculture pests and diseases, poor soil fertility, shortage of seeds, and lack of capital affected homestead vegetable production sustainability.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p> <p>Existing individual, community, and system challenges influence the sustainability of external-funded agriculture and nutrition interventions. The study findings underscore the importance of community authorities, scientists, and policymakers in having a well-thought sustainability plan in all promising external-funded interventions.</p>
Decomposition, topology, properties, and graphs of 10 tree species of Caatinga vegetations
<p>Data were obtained from the observation of ten individuals from ten species growing in a semiarid area of Caatinga vegetation under natural conditions in the Northeast of Brazil in Paraiba State, located at the Fazenda Pocinho (7º29'46" S, 35º58'12" W) in the municipality of Barra de Santana, Brazil. The woody crowns were drawn (skeletonized) in the 2-D format as rooted trees resulting in networks with nodes and connectors following the methodology described by Prado et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110318). Skeletonized crowns capture the data of decomposition, topology, and properties.</p>
Data from: The hydrochorous dispersal of plant propagules in a giant river reservoir: implications for restoration of riparian vegetation
<p><span>The riparian vegetation of many rivers around the world is impacted by flow regulation for hydropower. Water levels behind dams are being raised to generate electric energy, forming river reservoirs. River regulation has a large impact on the riparian vegetation which influences both the adjacent aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, restoration of degraded riparian vegetation in river reservoirs has been of increasing research interest.</span></p> <p><span>Propagules dispersed from connected tributaries via water (hydrochory) are considered a vital source for the recovery of riparian vegetation in regulated rivers. However, the hydrochorous dispersal of plant propagules in river reservoirs is unclear. We explored the dispersal distance and deposition patterns of hydrochorous propagule mimics in three tributaries that are regulated by the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in China.</span></p> <p><span>In eight out of nine release experiments, 95% of propagule mimics were found within 3 km downstream from the release points. Cumulative wind speed was the most important factor affecting the dispersal distance of propagule mimics in the TGR. However, the dispersal distance of propagule mimics was not significantly affected by water-level variation and channel sinuosity. Variations in water level strongly affected the deposition pattern of propagule mimics, with only 6.6% of the propagule mimics stranding on the riparian zones under raised water level and 83.8% stranding under declined water levels. The majority of stranded propagule mimics were deposited at gentle slopes (0‒20°).</span></p> <p><span>Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that the majority of propagules that enter river reservoirs via water would be retained within the first few kilometers. Wind and water level variation are the main factors determining the dispersal distance and deposition pattern of propagules. Our findings have applications for riparian vegetation restoration in river reservoirs. The vegetation in steep riparian zones distant from free-flowing tributaries should be the priority for restoration actions because these areas receive limited hydrochorous propagules. The plant biodiversity and hydrological connectivity of connected tributaries, which is an important propagule sources for riparian vegetation along river reservoirs, should be protected. The seasonal dominant wind pattern should be considered when evaluating the importance of tributaries as the source of hydrochorous propagules for river reservoirs.</span></p>
Supplementary Materials: Use of Sentinel 2 imagery to estimate vegetation height in fragments of Atlantic Forest
<p>Supplementary materials for the paper:</p> <p>Use of Sentinel 2 imagery to estimate vegetation height in fragments of Atlantic Forest<br> Paper DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101680">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101680</a></p> <p>This release is the one used for the definitive version of the article.</p>
Mean relative abundance of fungal and bacterial ASV identified in vegetables and fruits.
<p>Supplementary table S1. Mean relative abundance of fungal and bacterial ASV identified in vegetables and fruits.</p>
Highly-replicated soil, topography and vegetation sampling across an old-growth tropical rain forest landscape
<p class="MsoNormal">Here we present data from highly-replicated sampling of soil, topography, and vegetation across an old-growth tropical rainforest landscape at the La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. Samples were taken at 100 x 50 m spacing using an existing surveyed grid system. The 573-ha sample area spanned a variety of soil, topographic and vegetation conditions, including flat terraces on old alluvial soil, ridge tops and steep slopes on residual soil, riparian habitats and fresh-water swamps. At each of 1170 grid points we established a circular 0.01 ha quadrat (radius = 5.64 m). We sampled soil at 30-50 cm depth with a soil augur and collected a sample for subsequent analysis. We measured slope angle with a clinometer and slope direction with a compass. We measured stem diameter to <u>+</u>1 mm with a synthetic fabric diameter tape for all stems <u>></u>10 cm diameter (N= 5236) at 1.3 m from the ground or to ~ 6 m height if there were basal irregularities. We classified stems to life form (tree, palm, liana), and identified all trees and palms to species or morphospecies (N=266; lianas were not identified to species). We collected vouchers from all trees that we could not positively identify in the field (N=920).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">As a whole the data set presents an integrated view of soil, topography and vegetation across a mesoscale old-growth tropical rain forest landscape. The data have been used to refine a reserve-wide soils map for La Selva, and for a variety of papers analyzing the interactions of soil, topography and species distributions at landscape scales (see the 10 papers listed in the Related Works section below).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">There are no restrictions at all on the use of these data, and we think they will be useful for teaching and analysis projects as well as further original research applications. The data also provide a detailed benchmark of the status of old-growth vegetation in 1993-95 for one of the most intensively studied tropical rain forest landscapes in the world. Because the data are accurately georeferenced and detailed metadata on all methods are provided, this study could be repeated at any time to assess the trajectory of vegetation changes at La Selva, particularly in relation to local disturbances and changing regional and global climates. </p>
Flower strips and remnant semi-natural vegetation have different impacts on pollination and productivity of sunflower crops
<p>Intensification of agricultural landscapes to fulfil increased global food demands has dramatically impacted biodiversity and ecosystem services. Several pollinator groups, which are vital for the maintenance of pollinator-dependent crops, have been severely affected by this intensification process. Management tools, such as the implementation of agri-environmental schemes, have been widely proposed to improve pollinator's communities and pollination services, although the effectiveness of wildflower strips in comparison to existing natural or semi-natural habitats and the impact on yield has not been fully demonstrated.</p> <p><span>Here, we aimed to assess the effect of flower strips implementation near sunflower fields in two intensive agricultural regions and to quantify their impact on visitation rates and sunflower productivity. Data were obtained in two regions in Spain (Burgos and Cuenca) in sunflower fields with associated semi-natural vegetation (SNVs), with implemented wildflower strips (WFSs) and without vegetation structures (NonVs). Visitation rates were monitored over two years by direct observations, and both sunflower seed production and weight were assessed in 52 fields per year.</span></p> <p><span>Our results revealed regional and inter-annual variation in visitation rates, likely driven by structural differences in the landscapes studied. In Cuenca, characterized by more heterogeneous and floral resources-richer landscapes, the effects of WFSs were significant in the second year of implementation, with higher visitation rates and higher productivity values in fields with implemented wildflower strips compared to those without. In contrast, in Burgos, no consistent effects among field treatments across years were observed.</span></p> <p><span>Synthesis and applications. T</span><span>he implementation of flower strips or maintenance of remnant semi-natural habitats adjacent to sunflower fields, showed context-dependent effects on visitation rates and crop yield. In highly simplified agroecosystems, these interventions may be insufficient or may need longer times to produce significant effects. Yet, in regions where natural and semi-natural patches were already present, the implementation of flower strips was a successful strategy to promote pollinators and sunflower <a>productivity.</a></span></p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.