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1,952 results for “actionality”
Data from: Binding space and time through action
Space and time are intimately coupled dimensions in the human brain. Several lines of evidence suggest that space and time are processed by a shared analogue magnitude system. It has been proposed that actions are instrumental in establishing this shared magnitude system. Here we provide evidence in support of this hypothesis, by showing that the interaction between space and time is enhanced when magnitude information is acquired through action. Participants observed increases or decreases in the height of a visual bar (spatial magnitude) while judging whether a simultaneously presented sequence of acoustic tones had accelerated or decelerated (temporal magnitude). In one condition (Action), participants directly controlled the changes in bar height with a hand grip device, whereas in the other (No Action), changes in bar height were externally controlled but matched the spatial/temporal profile of the Action condition. The sign of changes in bar height biased the perceived rate of the tone sequences, where increases in bar height produced apparent increases in tone rate. This effect was amplified when the visual bar was actively controlled in the Action condition, and the strength of the interaction was scaled by the magnitude of the action. Subsequent experiments ruled out that this was simply explained by attentional factors, and additionally showed that a monotonic mapping is also required between grip force and bar height in order to bias the perception of the tones. These data provide support for an instrumental role of action in interfacing spatial and temporal quantities in the brain.
Data from: Trial-and-error copying of demonstrated actions reveals how fledglings learn to 'imitate' their mothers
Understanding how humans and other animals learn to perform an act from seeing it done has been a major challenge in the study of social learning. To determine whether this ability is based on 'true imitation', many studies have applied the two-action experimental paradigm, examining whether subjects learn to perform the specific action demonstrated to them. Here, we show that the insights gained from animals' success in two-action experiments may be limited, and that a better understanding is achieved by monitoring subjects' entire behavioural repertoire. Hand-reared house sparrows that followed a model of a mother demonstrator were successful in learning to find seeds hidden under a leaf, using the action demonstrated by the mother (either pushing the leaf or pecking it). However, they also produced behaviours that had not been demonstrated but were nevertheless related to the demonstrated act. This finding suggests that while the learners were clearly influenced by the demonstrator, they did not accurately imitate her. Rather, they used their own behavioural repertoire, gradually fitting it to the demonstrated task solution through trial and error. This process is consistent with recent views on how animals learn to imitate, and may contribute to a unified process-level analysis of social learning mechanisms.
Data from: The perceptual shaping of anticipatory actions
Humans display anticipatory motor responses to minimize the adverse effects of predictable perturbations. A widely accepted explanation for this behavior relies on the notion of an inverse model that, learning from motor errors, anticipates corrective responses. Here, we propose and validate the alternative hypothesis that anticipatory control can be realized through a cascade of purely sensory predictions that drive the motor system, reflecting the causal sequence of the perceptual events preceding the error. We compare both hypotheses in a simulated anticipatory postural adjustment task. We observe that adaptation in the sensory domain, but not in the motor one, supports the robust and generalizable anticipatory control characteristic of biological systems. Our proposal unites the neurobiology of the cerebellum with the theory of active inference and provides a concrete implementation of its core tenets with great relevance both to our understanding of biological control systems and, possibly, to their emulation in complex artefacts.
The development of the grasp-height effect as a measure of efficient action planning in children.
<p>Data set of Jovanovic, B. & Schwarzer, G. (2017). The development of the grasp-height effect as a measure of efficient action planning in children. <em>Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 153, </em>74-82.</p>
FIGURE 7. Aphanius iconii, FSJF 2271, 30 in Neotype designation of Aphanius iconii, first reviser action to stabilise the usage of A. fontinalis and A. meridionalis and comments on the family group names of fishes placed in Cyprinodontidae (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes)
FIGURE 7. Aphanius iconii, FSJF 2271, 30 mm SL; Turkey: spring Eflatun Pınarı.
FIGURE 5. Aphanius iconii, IUSHM 2017-1272, 25 in Neotype designation of Aphanius iconii, first reviser action to stabilise the usage of A. fontinalis and A. meridionalis and comments on the family group names of fishes placed in Cyprinodontidae (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes)
FIGURE 5. Aphanius iconii, IUSHM 2017-1272, 25 mm SL, neotype; Turkey: Karaot.
FIGURE 2. Aphanius meridionalis, FSJF 2460 in Neotype designation of Aphanius iconii, first reviser action to stabilise the usage of A. fontinalis and A. meridionalis and comments on the family group names of fishes placed in Cyprinodontidae (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes)
FIGURE 2. Aphanius meridionalis, FSJF 2460, female, 38 mm SL, male, 33 mm SL; Turkey: Söğüt.
FIGURE 1. Aphanius fontinalis, FSJF 3456 in Neotype designation of Aphanius iconii, first reviser action to stabilise the usage of A. fontinalis and A. meridionalis and comments on the family group names of fishes placed in Cyprinodontidae (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes)
FIGURE 1. Aphanius fontinalis, FSJF 3456, male, 42 mm SL; Turkey: Yarışlı.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF TRAINING CADETS FOR ACTIONS IN COMBAT WITH THE USE OF FIREARMS
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Supplementary material 2 from: Mayer K, Heger T, Kühn I, Nehring S, Gaertner M (2023) Germany's first Action plan on the pathways of invasive alien species to prevent their unintentional introduction and spread. NeoBiota 89: 209-227. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.89.106323
List of some countries or regions that have already implemented action plans or similar documents
Supplementary material 1 from: Mayer K, Heger T, Kühn I, Nehring S, Gaertner M (2023) Germany's first Action plan on the pathways of invasive alien species to prevent their unintentional introduction and spread. NeoBiota 89: 209-227. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.89.106323
19 sectors identified and assigned to the 14 prioritised pathways
Validation of a German translation of the Compassionate Engagement and Action Scales and Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales in a general population sample: Dataset
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Climate policy and the SDGs agenda: How does near-term action on nexus SDGs influence the achievement of long-term climate goals?
<p><span>The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent the global ambition to accelerate sustainable development. Several SDGs are directly related to climate change and policies aiming to mitigate it. This includes, among others, the set of SDGs that directly influence the climate, land, energy, and water (CLEW) nexus (SDGs 2, 6, 7, 13, 15). This study aims at understanding the synergies and trade-offs between climate policy and the SDGs agenda: how does near-term action on SDGs influence long-term climate goals? </span></p>
Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse Reduces Perceived Exertion and Mental Fatigue, and Improves Technical Actions during Small-Sided Soccer Games
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Non-Medical Action Policy An Integrated Effort to Improve Health Services
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Outcome of the 3 SWOT Analyses held by the ReMO COST Action between 24th November and 2nd December 2020
<p>These documents are the result of a series of three online workshops held by the Researcher Mental Health (ReMO) COST Action that focussed on the specific impact priorities of each of ReMO's three Working Groups:</p> <ul> <li> <p>Working Group 1: System level - the ERA working environment</p> </li> <li> <p>Working Group 2: Institutional level - Wellbeing Practices in Research Institutions</p> </li> <li> <p>Working Group 3: Local actors - Promoting researcher well-being on a practical level </p> </li> </ul> <p>These 90 minutes long workshops developed SWOT analyses through engaging the ReMO community. In these workshops the following procedure was executed:</p> <ul> <li> <p>Working groups were provided with empty SWOT matrices. </p> </li> <li> <p>Participants were randomly assigned to small parallel discussion groups. In four discussion rounds (one for each topic: Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats, each of them 15 mins long) participants populated their matrix. </p> </li> <li> <p>Subsequently, through a plenary discussion the ideas recorded in the matrix were discussed, duplications and similar items were merged. </p> </li> <li> <p>As a result, the three SWOT matrices for the three working groups were finalized and synthesized to a project level SWOT matrix.</p> </li> </ul> <p>The process aimed to distill a number of key themes and actions, which are critical for developing a model of doctoral education and more general research culture embracing researcher mental health as a key priority. This process led to the publication of the <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/5559806">Researcher Mental Health and Well-being Manifesto</a>.</p> <p>The audience’s responses were anonymous, and they were recorded in a padlet, whose contents are available here.</p>
Figure 1 from: Gunina LM, Shustov YeB, Belenichev IF, Vysochina NL, Golovashchenko RV, Morozova O (2022) Specialized nutrition for athletes: evaluation of ergogenic action using the principles of evidence-based medicine. Pharmacia 69(1): 37-44. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e76599
Figure 1 The impact of the MioAktiv product course usage on physical work capacity of laboratory animals during load modelling.
Effects of time since invasion and control actions on a coastal ecosystem invaded by non-native pine trees
<p><span>Invasive non-native trees cause structural and functional changes in plant communities, which tend to </span><span>increase over time since invasion. Native vegetation responses after control operations provide important information for restoration.</span></p> <p><span>We evaluated the effects of time since invasion and of pine control on plant community structure and on functional traits in a </span><span>coastal open ecosystem in southern Brazil</span><span>. We compared richness, diversity, abundance and cover of woody and non-woody native plant species, as well as species composition and community-weighted means (CWM)</span> <span>based on functional traits (</span><span>dispersal syndrome, fruit type, maximum height, and shade tolerance) of plant communities</span><span>, in four conditions: a non-invaded area, an area where pines were controlled (managed area), an area of recent invasion, and an area invaded longer ago.</span></p> <p><span>Woody species abundance, richness and diversity declined over time since invasion. However, while abundance recovered to the point of not differing from the non-invaded condition in areas where pines were controlled, species diversity and richness were lower in the managed area than in the area that was never invaded. The effects of pine invasion on richness and diversity of non-woody plants did not increase over time, but plant cover progressively diminished. </span></p> <p><span>Woody and non-woody species composition varied between the four conditions. Species composition similarity was lower between conditions for non-woody than for woody species. CWM differed between the older invasion and the other conditions, determined especially by native plant height and shade tolerance. Taller plants and m</span><span>ore shade tolerant native species were exclusively sampled in the older invasion.</span></p> <p><span>Synthesis and application. Pine invasion reduced species abundance, plant cover, richness, and diversity, altering the composition of plant community. The escalation of negative temporal effects of pine invasion was observed on the composition of woody and non-woody species and on functional traits. Although pine control favored the natural regeneration of non-woody species, diversity of woody species in the area submitted to pine control was lower than in the non-invaded condition. Restoration activities are therefore required to increase woody species diversity. These results provide relevant guidance for the restoration of coastal ecosystems following invasive pine control. </span></p>
Peptide transporter structure reveals binding and action mechanism of a potent PEPT1 and PEPT2 inhibitor
<p>Datasets to Stauffer et al. (2022) Commun. Chem. </p>
Figure 2 from: Darnaude AM, Arnaud-Haond S, Hunter E, Gaggiotti O, Sturrock A, Beger M, Volckaert FAM, Pérez-Ruzafa A, López-López L, Tanner SE, Turan C, Ahmet Doğdu S, Katsanevakis S, Costantini F (2022) Unifying approaches to Functional Marine Connectivity for improved marine resource management: the European SEA-UNICORN COST Action. Research Ideas and Outcomes 8: e80223. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.8.e80223
Figure 2 General structure of the SEA-UNICORN COST Action, in link with its objectives and expected outcomes at the Science-Policy-Society interface. WG = Working Group.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.