Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-zeroMar 2024View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Caicedo-Martínez LS, Henao-Osorio JJ, Arias-Monsalve HF, Rojas-Morales JA, Ossa-López PA, Rivera-Páez FA, Ramírez-Chaves HE (2024) A new species of terrestrial toad of the Rhinella festae group (Anura, Bufonidae) from the highlands of the Central Cordillera of the Andes of Colombia. ZooKeys 1196: 149-175. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.114861

Estimates of divergence between sequences based on p-distance method for the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene

FIGURE 4 in New genus of Pleminiini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae) from the Colombian Andes

FIGURE 4. Muscuspina neblina sp. nov., male specimen alive. A: habitus in lateral view; B: habitus in frontal view; C: Body in lateral view; D: habitus in dorsal view.

FIGURE 6 in New genus of Pleminiini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae) from the Colombian Andes

FIGURE 6. Muscuspina neblina sp. nov., female specimen alive. A: habitus in lateral view; B: habitus in frontal view; C: habitus in dorsal view; D: habitus in antero-lateral view.

FIGURE 1 in New genus of Pleminiini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae) from the Colombian Andes

FIGURE 1. Muscuspina neblina sp. nov., holotype male. A: habitus, lateral view; B: head, frontal view; C–E: head and pronotum in frontal, dorsal and lateral view respectively; F: foreleg, lateral view; G: midleg, lateral view; H: thoracic sternites, ventral view; I–K: Terminalia in ventral, dorsal and lateral view respectively. Abbreviations: Mes: mesobasisternum; Met: metabasisternum; Cer: cerci; Sty: styli; Pl: subgenital plate.

FIGURE 2 in New genus of Pleminiini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae) from the Colombian Andes

FIGURE 2. Thoracic dorsal spines variation in Muscuspina neblina sp. nov. in dorsal view. A–B: Paratypes; C: Holotype.

FIGURE 7 in New genus of Pleminiini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae) from the Colombian Andes

FIGURE 7. Habitat of Muscuspina neblina sp. nov. in Mesenia-Paramillo nature reserve, Antioquia, Colombia.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

The isotopic composition of the French Illimani ice core in the Bolivian Andes supports the east-west South American precipitation dipole from the last deglaciation to the mid-Holocene

Isotopic composition (deuterium and deuterium excess) of the French Illimani ice core drilled in 1999 with a revised dating detailed in the following manuscript: Françoise Vimeux and Amaëlle Landais, 2025. The isotopic composition of the French Illimani ice core in the Bolivian Andes supports the east-west South American precipitation dipole from the last deglaciation to the mid-Holocene. Quaternary Science Reviews 347, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109098.

Subspecies and Distribution. P. c. culpaeus Molina, 1782 — W & C Argentina and C Chile. P. ¢. andinus Thomas, 1914 — altiplano of Bolivia, N Chile, and Peru. Pc. lycoides Philippi, 1895 — Tierra del Fuego. Pc. magellanicus Gray, 1837 — Argentina and S Chile. P. c. reissu Hilzheimer, 1906 — Ecuadorian Andes and extreme S Colombia (Narino). P. c. smithersi Thomas, 1914 — Argentina (Cordoba Mts). in Canidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P. c. culpaeus Molina, 1782 — W & C Argentina and C Chile. P. ¢. andinus Thomas, 1914 — altiplano of Bolivia, N Chile, and Peru. Pc. lycoides Philippi, 1895 — Tierra del Fuego. Pc. magellanicus Gray, 1837 — Argentina and S Chile. P. c. reissu Hilzheimer, 1906 — Ecuadorian Andes and extreme S Colombia (Narino). P. c. smithersi Thomas, 1914 — Argentina (Cordoba Mts).

Distribution. Andes Mountains of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Boliva, with controversial evidence of existence in N Argentina. in Ursidae

Distribution. Andes Mountains of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Boliva, with controversial evidence of existence in N Argentina.

Subspecies and Distribution. N. n. nasua Linnaeus, 1766 — French Guiana S through NE Brazil to N Bahia. N. n. dorsalis Gray, 1866 — Amazonian Brazil, Peru, and Ecuador. N. n. arcana Vieira, 1945 — Brazil (Mato Grosso), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Paraguay, and N Argentina. N. n. boliviensis Cabrera, 1956 — Bolivia (Cochabamba, the Yungas). N. n. candace Thomas, 1912 — Colombia. N. n. anerascens Lonnberg, 1921 — N Argentina (Chaco). N. n. manium Thomas, 1912 — Ecuador W of the Andes. N. n. montana Tschudi, 1844 — Peru. N. n. quichua Thomas, 1901 — S Ecuadorian Andes (Azuay). N. n. solitaria Schinz, 1821 — SE Brazil (Minas Gerais, S. Bahia), NE Argentina (Misiones). N. n. spadicea Olfers, 1818 — S Brazil and Uruguay. N. n. vittata Tschudi, 1844 — Venezuela, the Guianas. in Procyonidae

Subspecies and Distribution. N. n. nasua Linnaeus, 1766 — French Guiana S through NE Brazil to N Bahia. N. n. dorsalis Gray, 1866 — Amazonian Brazil, Peru, and Ecuador. N. n. arcana Vieira, 1945 — Brazil (Mato Grosso), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Paraguay, and N Argentina. N. n. boliviensis Cabrera, 1956 — Bolivia (Cochabamba, the Yungas). N. n. candace Thomas, 1912 — Colombia. N. n. anerascens Lonnberg, 1921 — N Argentina (Chaco). N. n. manium Thomas, 1912 — Ecuador W of the Andes. N. n. montana Tschudi, 1844 — Peru. N. n. quichua Thomas, 1901 — S Ecuadorian Andes (Azuay). N. n. solitaria Schinz, 1821 — SE Brazil (Minas Gerais, S. Bahia), NE Argentina (Misiones). N. n. spadicea Olfers, 1818 — S Brazil and Uruguay. N. n. vittata Tschudi, 1844 — Venezuela, the Guianas.

Subspecies and Distribution. B. a. alleni Thomas, 1880 — South America, E of the Andes. B. a. medius Thomas, 1909 — Choc6 region of W Colombia, Ecuador, and NW Venezuela. B. a. orinomus Goldman, 1912 — E Panama. in Procyonidae

Subspecies and Distribution. B. a. alleni Thomas, 1880 — South America, E of the Andes. B. a. medius Thomas, 1909 — Choc6 region of W Colombia, Ecuador, and NW Venezuela. B. a. orinomus Goldman, 1912 — E Panama.

opennotspecifiedAug 2011View details →

Distribution. Llamas are found at 3800-5000 m above sea level in the Central Andes, from C Peru to W Bolivia and N Argentina. Llama distribution reached its apex during the expansion of the Inca Empire (1470-1532 ap), when pack trains were used to carry supplies for the royal armies to S Colombia and C Chile. Although originally indigenous and endemic to South America, Llamas have now been exported to countries around the world as a companion animal, featured in livestock shows, used for trekking and backpacking, cottage industry and home use ofits wool, and in North America increasingly utilized as a guard animal for protecting sheep and goats from canid predators. in Camelidae

Distribution. Llamas are found at 3800-5000 m above sea level in the Central Andes, from C Peru to W Bolivia and N Argentina. Llama distribution reached its apex during the expansion of the Inca Empire (1470-1532 ap), when pack trains were used to carry supplies for the royal armies to S Colombia and C Chile. Although originally indigenous and endemic to South America, Llamas have now been exported to countries around the world as a companion animal, featured in livestock shows, used for trekking and backpacking, cottage industry and home use ofits wool, and in North America increasingly utilized as a guard animal for protecting sheep and goats from canid predators.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

Global Airborne Observatory: Forest Canopy Height of Peruvian Amazon and Andes

This dataset contains a forest canopy height map of the Peruvian Amazon and Andes region.  The map is based on airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) data, combined with satellite-based maps, acquired in 2012.  Units for the map are meters above ground level.  The map is provided at 1.0 ha spatial resolution. Use of these data require citation of this dataset and the original journal paper that delivered the mapping method.  These citations are as follows: Asner, G.P., D.E. Knapp, R.E. Martin, R. Tupayachi, C.B. Anderson, J. Mascaro, F. Sinca, K.D. Chadwick, M. Higgins, W. Farfan, W. Llactayo, and M.R. Silman. 2014. Targeted carbon conservation at national scales with high-resolution monitoring. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111(47):E5016-E5022 doi:10.1073/pnas.1419550111

Distribution. The range is unknown, but it is believed to occur on the W slopes and foothills of the Andes of W Colombia, in the region of Quindio and Riseralda. in Aotidae

Distribution. The range is unknown, but it is believed to occur on the W slopes and foothills of the Andes of W Colombia, in the region of Quindio and Riseralda.

Subspecies and Distribution. A. a. azarae Humboldt, 1812 — SC Brazil (Pantanal), S Bolivia (Banados del Izozog), Paraguay (S & W Chaco, W of the Rio Paraguay), and N Argentina (provinces of Chaco & Formosa). A. a. boliviensis Elliot, 1907 — SE Peru (S of the rios Madre de Dios and Inambari) and Bolivia E of the Andes (from the Rio Madre de Dios S to the Banados del Izozog in the border region with Paraguay). A. a. infulatus Kuhl, 1820 — Brazil, S of the Rio Amazonas (but with a small enclave in the SE tip of Amapa State), including Marajo and Caviana Is, extending E in the state of Maranhao as far as the Rio Parnaiba, S along the W bank of Rio Tocantins to the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, W limits are marked by the rios Tapajos and Juruena. in Aotidae

Subspecies and Distribution. A. a. azarae Humboldt, 1812 — SC Brazil (Pantanal), S Bolivia (Banados del Izozog), Paraguay (S & W Chaco, W of the Rio Paraguay), and N Argentina (provinces of Chaco & Formosa). A. a. boliviensis Elliot, 1907 — SE Peru (S of the rios Madre de Dios and Inambari) and Bolivia E of the Andes (from the Rio Madre de Dios S to the Banados del Izozog in the border region with Paraguay). A. a. infulatus Kuhl, 1820 — Brazil, S of the Rio Amazonas (but with a small enclave in the SE tip of Amapa State), including Marajo and Caviana Is, extending E in the state of Maranhao as far as the Rio Parnaiba, S along the W bank of Rio Tocantins to the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, W limits are marked by the rios Tapajos and Juruena.

Subspecies and Distribution. A. [. fusciceps Gray, 1866 — NW Ecuador, W of the Andes, historically in the provinces of Esmeraldas and Carchi, from the Colombian border S to the Cordillera de Colonche in the Guayas Province (most S record is in "Puente sobre el rio Chimbo," Chimborazo Province), but today it is restricted to two remnant populations (Awa Ethnological Reserve N of the Rio Mira, and Cotacachi-Cayapas Ecological Reserve and adjacent Los Cedros Protected Forest and surrounding forests S of the Rio Mira). A. f. rufiventris Sclater, 1872 — E Panama (Atlantic slope) and W Colombia from the Uraba region in NW Antioquia, N through Cordoba, Sucre, and N Bolivar departments (N distributional limit on the S bank of the Canal del Dique, Cartagena), W of the Rio Cauca to the coast, E to the lower Rio Cauca along the W bank to SC Antioquia (the Cerro Pirre or the Rio Tucuti marks the border with A. geoffroyi grisescens), and S to the Cordillera Occidental of the Andes in SW Colombia (the most southerly record is Barabacoas, Narino Department). in Atelidae

Subspecies and Distribution. A. [. fusciceps Gray, 1866 — NW Ecuador, W of the Andes, historically in the provinces of Esmeraldas and Carchi, from the Colombian border S to the Cordillera de Colonche in the Guayas Province (most S record is in "Puente sobre el rio Chimbo," Chimborazo Province), but today it is restricted to two remnant populations (Awa Ethnological Reserve N of the Rio Mira, and Cotacachi-Cayapas Ecological Reserve and adjacent Los Cedros Protected Forest and surrounding forests S of the Rio Mira). A. f. rufiventris Sclater, 1872 — E Panama (Atlantic slope) and W Colombia from the Uraba region in NW Antioquia, N through Cordoba, Sucre, and N Bolivar departments (N distributional limit on the S bank of the Canal del Dique, Cartagena), W of the Rio Cauca to the coast, E to the lower Rio Cauca along the W bank to SC Antioquia (the Cerro Pirre or the Rio Tucuti marks the border with A. geoffroyi grisescens), and S to the Cordillera Occidental of the Andes in SW Colombia (the most southerly record is Barabacoas, Narino Department).

Subspecies and Distribution. A. p. palliata Gray, 1849 — NE Guatemala (Rio Motagua, and possibly along the coast a short distance to Cabo de Tres Puntas, where it meets the distribution of the Central American Black Howler, A. pigra), E to E Costa Rica or W Panama; it is not found in El Salvador, although it may have occurred there in the past. A. p. aequatorialis Festa, 1903 — from the S distributional limits of the nominate subspecies palliata (either in E Costa Rica or W Panama) through the Serrania del Darién into W Colombia (N through basins of the rios Sint and Atrato to the Caribbean coast, and S through the Serrania del Baudo and the foothills, lowlands, and lower montane areas W of the Andes to the Pacific coast), W Ecuador, and NW Peru (extreme N of Tumbes Department). A. p. coibensis Thomas, 1902 — SW Panama (Coiba and Jicaron Is). A. p. mexicana Merriam, 1902 — S & SE Mexico (states of Veracruz, Tabasco, Campeche, Oaxaca, and N Chiapas) and Guatemala, in a swathe skirting the S of the distribution of the Central American Black Howler. A. p. trabeata Lawrence, 1933 — SW Panama (Azuero Peninsula). in Atelidae

Subspecies and Distribution. A. p. palliata Gray, 1849 — NE Guatemala (Rio Motagua, and possibly along the coast a short distance to Cabo de Tres Puntas, where it meets the distribution of the Central American Black Howler, A. pigra), E to E Costa Rica or W Panama; it is not found in El Salvador, although it may have occurred there in the past. A. p. aequatorialis Festa, 1903 — from the S distributional limits of the nominate subspecies palliata (either in E Costa Rica or W Panama) through the Serrania del Darién into W Colombia (N through basins of the rios Sint and Atrato to the Caribbean coast, and S through the Serrania del Baudo and the foothills, lowlands, and lower montane areas W of the Andes to the Pacific coast), W Ecuador, and NW Peru (extreme N of Tumbes Department). A. p. coibensis Thomas, 1902 — SW Panama (Coiba and Jicaron Is). A. p. mexicana Merriam, 1902 — S & SE Mexico (states of Veracruz, Tabasco, Campeche, Oaxaca, and N Chiapas) and Guatemala, in a swathe skirting the S of the distribution of the Central American Black Howler. A. p. trabeata Lawrence, 1933 — SW Panama (Azuero Peninsula).

Subspecies and Distribution. A. s. seniculus Linnaeus, 1766 — Colombia wherever there is forest (except along the Pacific coast and in the desert of the Guajira Peninsula in the far N), NW Venezuela (around Lake Maracaibo), Amazonian Brazil (N of the Solimoes and S of the Rio Negro), E Ecuador and E Peru (E of the Andes, E of the Rio Huallaga, to the upper rios Maranon, Napo, and Putumayo). A. s. juara Elliot, 1910 = W Amazonian Brazil S of the Solimoes, extending W into Amazonian Peru, in the Jurua Basin and, considering the form amazonica to be a synonym, extending across the Rio Solimoes to the interfluvium of the rios Japura and Negro; the W limit defining its distribution is not known. A. s. puruensis Lonnberg, 1941 — Brazilian Amazon, from the Rio Jurua Basin E to the lower Rio Madeira and the middle Rio Aripuana, it extends E across the upper Aripuana to the Rio Teles Pires, to the S is restricted to the N of the Rio Abuna, a left bank tributary of the Rio Madeira that extends along the N border of Bolivia; its occurrence is uncertain in the N of Rondonia State, S of the Rio Ji-parana, although it occurs in S Rondonia, to the Rio Mamoré-Guaporé, in the Serra da Pacaas Novos, and E through the Serra dos Parecis to the Rio Teles Pires. in Atelidae

Subspecies and Distribution. A. s. seniculus Linnaeus, 1766 — Colombia wherever there is forest (except along the Pacific coast and in the desert of the Guajira Peninsula in the far N), NW Venezuela (around Lake Maracaibo), Amazonian Brazil (N of the Solimoes and S of the Rio Negro), E Ecuador and E Peru (E of the Andes, E of the Rio Huallaga, to the upper rios Maranon, Napo, and Putumayo). A. s. juara Elliot, 1910 = W Amazonian Brazil S of the Solimoes, extending W into Amazonian Peru, in the Jurua Basin and, considering the form amazonica to be a synonym, extending across the Rio Solimoes to the interfluvium of the rios Japura and Negro; the W limit defining its distribution is not known. A. s. puruensis Lonnberg, 1941 — Brazilian Amazon, from the Rio Jurua Basin E to the lower Rio Madeira and the middle Rio Aripuana, it extends E across the upper Aripuana to the Rio Teles Pires, to the S is restricted to the N of the Rio Abuna, a left bank tributary of the Rio Madeira that extends along the N border of Bolivia; its occurrence is uncertain in the N of Rondonia State, S of the Rio Ji-parana, although it occurs in S Rondonia, to the Rio Mamoré-Guaporé, in the Serra da Pacaas Novos, and E through the Serra dos Parecis to the Rio Teles Pires.

Subspecies and Distribution. C. p. pygmaea Spix, 1823 — Upper Amazon in S Colombia, W Brazil, E Ecuador, and N Peru, N of the Amazon River and left bank of the Rio Pastaza, E to the mouth of the Rio Japura, and S of the Rio Japura-Caqueta to the Andes. C. p. niverventris Lonnberg, 1940 — Amazonian lowlands and Andean foothills in W Brazil, E Peru, and N Bolivia, S of the Amazon River, E of the Rio Mayo and the Rio Huallaga above the Rio Mayo, S to the upper Rio Purus, E to N Bolivia (Rio Muyumanu), and N probably through the entire interfluvium of the rios Purus and Madeira. in Callitrichiade

Subspecies and Distribution. C. p. pygmaea Spix, 1823 — Upper Amazon in S Colombia, W Brazil, E Ecuador, and N Peru, N of the Amazon River and left bank of the Rio Pastaza, E to the mouth of the Rio Japura, and S of the Rio Japura-Caqueta to the Andes. C. p. niverventris Lonnberg, 1940 — Amazonian lowlands and Andean foothills in W Brazil, E Peru, and N Bolivia, S of the Amazon River, E of the Rio Mayo and the Rio Huallaga above the Rio Mayo, S to the upper Rio Purus, E to N Bolivia (Rio Muyumanu), and N probably through the entire interfluvium of the rios Purus and Madeira.

Subspecies and Distribution. S. w. weddelli Deville, 1849 — W Brazil (between the rios Purus and Madeira in the states of Amazonas, Acre, and NW Rondonia, as far N as the Rio Pixuna) to SE Peru (from the Rio Abujao, E tributary of the Rio Ucayali, to the S along both banks of the Rio Ucayali, E of the Andes, E of the Rio Apurimac, and along the upper reaches of the Apurimac, Inambari, Urubamba, and Tambopata), and to N Bolivia (rios Madeira and Beni or Mamoré); it crosses the upper Rio Madeira to its right bank in Rondonia in the region of the Rio Jamari, S of the Rio Ji-parana, being sympatric there with Rondon's Marmoset (Mico rondonz). S. w. crandalli Hershkovitz, 1966 — provenance unknown but possibly near the headwaters of the rios Jurua and Tarauaca in W Brazil. S. w. melanoleucus Miranda Ribeiro, 1912 — Brazilian Amazon, along the right bank of the upper Rio Jurua, S from the mouth of the Rio Eira, up to its headwaters, E to the left bank of the Rio Tarauaca (no saddle-back tamarins have been recorded to the E of the Rio Tarauaca in Acre State as far as the upper Rio Purus), in SE Peru from the upper reaches of the Rio Breu and the Quebrada Breu, right bank affluents of the upper Rio Yurua. in Callitrichiade

Subspecies and Distribution. S. w. weddelli Deville, 1849 — W Brazil (between the rios Purus and Madeira in the states of Amazonas, Acre, and NW Rondonia, as far N as the Rio Pixuna) to SE Peru (from the Rio Abujao, E tributary of the Rio Ucayali, to the S along both banks of the Rio Ucayali, E of the Andes, E of the Rio Apurimac, and along the upper reaches of the Apurimac, Inambari, Urubamba, and Tambopata), and to N Bolivia (rios Madeira and Beni or Mamoré); it crosses the upper Rio Madeira to its right bank in Rondonia in the region of the Rio Jamari, S of the Rio Ji-parana, being sympatric there with Rondon's Marmoset (Mico rondonz). S. w. crandalli Hershkovitz, 1966 — provenance unknown but possibly near the headwaters of the rios Jurua and Tarauaca in W Brazil. S. w. melanoleucus Miranda Ribeiro, 1912 — Brazilian Amazon, along the right bank of the upper Rio Jurua, S from the mouth of the Rio Eira, up to its headwaters, E to the left bank of the Rio Tarauaca (no saddle-back tamarins have been recorded to the E of the Rio Tarauaca in Acre State as far as the upper Rio Purus), in SE Peru from the upper reaches of the Rio Breu and the Quebrada Breu, right bank affluents of the upper Rio Yurua.