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FIGURE 2 in The influence of landscape at multiple spatial scales of the river basins at the Eastern Amazon fish assemblage

FIGURE 2 | Scheme showing different spatial scales from which land use types were quantified in four catchments of the Eastern Amazon.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

FIGURE 1 in The influence of landscape at multiple spatial scales of the river basins at the Eastern Amazon fish assemblage

FIGURE 1 | Study area containing 76 streams distributed in four Eastern Amazon basins and land use distribution. Land use: represents all uses (e.g., pasture, agriculture, and urbanization).

FIGURE 1 in Variation in patterns of fish assemblage and their environmental correlates in a tropical river basin from the Gulf of Mexico slope

FIGURE 1 | Study area and sampling sites in the Usumacinta River basin (shaded area in figure box), Mexico. Site number and names of the main rivers in the region are enclosed in boxes (see Tab. 1 for names of watercourses). Black arrow indicates flow direction.

FIGURE 2 in Variation in patterns of fish assemblage and their environmental correlates in a tropical river basin from the Gulf of Mexico slope

FIGURE 2 | Relative contribution of common species to total fish abundance by seasons (left panel) and years (right panel). Species shown had a contribution above the 50% quantile for abundance. Refer to Tab. 1 for species acronyms.

FIGURE 5 in Variation in patterns of fish assemblage and their environmental correlates in a tropical river basin from the Gulf of Mexico slope

FIGURE 5 | Plots for the redundancy analysis of fish communities and environmental data, displaying weighted averages of species scores (A), fitted site scores (B), and species scores of significant species (C). Centroids of factor "ORD" are indicated by a "×". Convex hulls (A, C) and point shape (A, B) show cluster affiliation. DO, dissolved oxygen; DU, distance to the confluence with the Usumacinta River; FC, forest cover; ORD, stream order; TC, water temperature.

FIGURE 4 in Variation in patterns of fish assemblage and their environmental correlates in a tropical river basin from the Gulf of Mexico slope

FIGURE 4 | Multivariate regression tree of transformed species abundances and environmental data. Percentage of improvement in the model is shown under each node; discriminating environmental variables and threshold values are shown at each split. DO, dissolved oxygen; ORD, stream order; n, number of samples.

FIGURE 3 in Variation in patterns of fish assemblage and their environmental correlates in a tropical river basin from the Gulf of Mexico slope

FIGURE 3 | Principal component analysis plot of environmental data. DO, dissolved oxygen; DU, distance to the confluence with the Usumacinta River; EC, electric conductivity; FC, forest cover; ORD, stream order.

FIGURE 6 in Effects of urbanization and environmental heterogeneity on fish assemblages in small streams

FIGURE 6 | Ordination of fish species composition by distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) in relation to environmental heterogeneity (EH; estimated from environmental data and transformed by loge(x) prior to dbRDA) and the proportion of impervious surfaces (ImpSurf). Species codes, 1: Poecilia reticulata; 2: Corydoras aeneus; 3: Phenacogaster jancupa; 4: Astyanax abramis; 5: Hoplias malabaricus; 6: Hypostomus khimaera; 7: Serrapinnus calliurus; 8: S. microdon; 9: Hemigrammus tridens; 10: A. lacustris.

FIGURE 5 in Effects of urbanization and environmental heterogeneity on fish assemblages in small streams

FIGURE 5 | Relationship between the local contribution to beta diversity (LCBD) and the proportion of impervious surfaces in urban streams in Cuiabá. The line indicates fitted values.

FIGURE 4 in Effects of urbanization and environmental heterogeneity on fish assemblages in small streams

FIGURE 4 | Relationship between rarefied species richness (Srarefied) and the proportion of impervious surfaces in urban streams in Cuiabá. The line indicates fitted values.

FIGURE 3 in Effects of urbanization and environmental heterogeneity on fish assemblages in small streams

FIGURE 3 | Spatial variation in rarefied species richness (Srarefied; A) and the local contribution to beta diversity (LCBD; B) in urban streams in Cuiabá (Mato Grosso, Brazil). The circle sizes in the legend indicate the minimum, mean, and maximum values of Srarefied and the LCBD. The arrow in "A" indicates flow direction.

FIGURE 2 in Effects of urbanization and environmental heterogeneity on fish assemblages in small streams

FIGURE 2 | Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) of local environmental variables of streams from the urban area of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, midwestern Brazil. The symbol sizes are proportional to the environmental heterogeneity (EH); PlaMat: plant matter; GraRoc: gravel and rocks; CanCov: canopy cover.

FIGURE 1 in Effects of urbanization and environmental heterogeneity on fish assemblages in small streams

FIGURE 1 | Location of the 45 streams sampled for fish in urban area within Cuiabá, Mato Grosso state, midwestern Brazil. The gray area indicates impervious surfaces. The color gradient indicates the proportion of impervious surfaces in a 500 m buffer around each stream; the closer to one the value is, the higher the quantity of urban infrastructure around the stream. The continuous lines indicate the hydrography. The dashed lines indicate the political boundary of Cuiabá with the neighboring municipality of Várzea Grande.

FIGURE 4 in Estimated richness and environmental correlates of miniature fish assemblages in the rio Jacundá, Brazil

FIGURE 4 | Pairwise Pearson correlations in species abundance across the 20 sampling locations showing positive correlations in blue and negative correlations in red. Species codes are Aama (Ammoglanis amapaensis), Amin (Ammocryptocharax minutus), Epul (Elachocharax pulcher), Fpal (Fluviphylax palikur), Haft (Hemigrammus aff. tridens), Mwei (Microcharacidium weitzmani), Pana (Physopyxis ananas), Phas (Potamoglanis hasemani) and Tsp (Tyttobrycon sp.).

FIGURE 1 in Estimated richness and environmental correlates of miniature fish assemblages in the rio Jacundá, Brazil

FIGURE 1 | Study area map illustrating A. The location of the rio Jacundá in the lower Amazon Basin, B. The two areas sampled on the western edge of the Reserva Extrativista Ipaú-Anilzinho, Pará, Brazil, C. The distribution of 11 sampling locations and a site photograph at the upstream area, and D. The distribution of nine sampling locations and a site photograph at the downstream area.

FIGURE 3 in Estimated richness and environmental correlates of miniature fish assemblages in the rio Jacundá, Brazil

FIGURE 3 | Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot illustrating 20 sampling locations (points) at upstream (blue boxes) and downstream (red circles) sampling sites. Miniature fish scores are shown as green text, including Aama (Ammoglanis amapaensis), Amin (Ammocryptocharax minutus), Epul (Elachocharax pulcher), Fpal (Fluviphylax palikur), Haft (Hemigrammus aff. tridens), Mwei (Microcharacidium weitzmani), Pana (Physopyxis ananas), Phas (Potamoglanis hasemani), and Tsp (Tyttobrycon sp.). Environmental and spatial correlates with miniature fish assemblage structure are shown as gray vectors and text, including water overhead canopy cover (%), water temperature (C), pH, total suspended solids (TSS, ppm), conductivity (µs/cm), and the spatial relationship among sites from the first axis of an asymmetric eigenvector map (AEM1).

FIGURE 2 in Estimated richness and environmental correlates of miniature fish assemblages in the rio Jacundá, Brazil

FIGURE 2 | Accumulation (solid lines), extrapolation (dashed lines), and 95% confidence intervals (shaded areas) for diversity of miniature (red) and non-miniature (blue) freshwater fishes collected from the rio Jacundá, rio Amazonas basin, Brazil.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Fig. 6 in The contribution of the Middle Triassic fossil assemblage of Monte San Giorgio to insect evolution.

Fig. 6 | Abundance of fossils per insect lineage found at VM12 site and location of the main Middle Triassic insect deposits. A Time-calibrated phylogenetic tree of insect evolutionary relationships from Montagna et al. (5) where the abundance of insects collected at VM12 per lineage, expressed as the natural logarithm of the number of individuals, is reported; (B). Location of main Middle Triassic fossil insect deposits as in Zheng et al. (11) with the addition of Monte San Giorgio. (1) Tongchuan, China (Ladinian); (2) Karamay, China (Carnian); (3) Madygen, Kyrgyzstan (Ladinian-Carnian); (4) Vosges, France (early Anisian); (5) Solite, USA (late Carnian); (6) Ipswich, Australia (Carnian); (7) Brookvale, Australia (Anisian); (8) Molteno, South Africa (Carnian); (MSG) Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland (Ladinian). Giulia Magoga drew insect silhouettes.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Fig. 5 in The contribution of the Middle Triassic fossil assemblage of Monte San Giorgio to insect evolution.

Fig. 5 | Diptera preserving peculiar features. A MCSN 8696, adult preserving the hexagonal facets of compound eyes and three round-shaped bodies at the end of the abdomen. B MCSN 8696, enlargement of the hexagonal facets of compound eyes. C MCSN 8696, enlargement of the three round-shaped bodies present externally on the abdomen, with visible ornamentations. D MCSN 8697, three round-shaped bodies present externally on the abdomen, with visible ornamentations. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, C, 200 µm; D, 100 µm.