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FIGURE 4 in A new species of Pseudopaludicola Miranda-Ribeiro (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae) from eastern Brazil, with novel data on the advertisement call of Pseudopaludicola falcipes (Hensel)

FIGURE 4. Audiospectrograms (above) and corresponding oscillograms (below) detailing the pulsed notes of the advertisement calls of four Pseudopaludicola species with non-concatenated pulses: (A) Pseudopaludicola florencei sp. nov. from the type locality with its three-pulsed notes (Pseudop_florenceiAndaraiBA2aAAGm671; 20:29 h, 26 Nov 2016; air 22°C); (B) Pseudopaludicola pocoto from Pico das Almas, Rio de Contas, state of Bahia (Pseudop_pocotoRioContasBA9bFSA_AAGm; 21:34 h, 25 Nov 2016; air 19.1°C); (C) Pseudopaludicola mineira from Serra do Cipó mountain range, state of Minas Gerais (FNJV 31899; 10 Feb 1964; air 24°C); and (D) Pseudopaludicola falcipes from Viamão, state of Rio Grande do Sul (Pseudopaludicola_4A08; 15:00 h; 28 Sep 1996; air 23°C).

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Pseudopaludicola Miranda-Ribeiro (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae) from eastern Brazil, with novel data on the advertisement call of Pseudopaludicola falcipes (Hensel)

FIGURE 2. Pseudopaludicola florencei sp. nov. holotype (ZUEC 23521, SVL = 12.9 mm), an adult male. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views; (C) lateral and (D) dorsal views of head; ventral views of (E) hand and (F) foot. Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of Pseudopaludicola Miranda-Ribeiro (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae) from eastern Brazil, with novel data on the advertisement call of Pseudopaludicola falcipes (Hensel)

FIGURE 6. Oscillogram detailing the distinct pulsed notes of Pseudopaludicola florencei sp. nov. that can be emitted shortly after the advertisement call (above). Audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram detailing three of these notes (below). Note the differences in the temporal domain compared to notes of the advertisement call. Sound file: Pseudop_florenceiBA14aFSA_AAGm.wav; 19:58 h; 26 Nov 2016; air 23.5°C.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Pseudopaludicola Miranda-Ribeiro (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae) from eastern Brazil, with novel data on the advertisement call of Pseudopaludicola falcipes (Hensel)

FIGURE 1. Partial map of South America showing the Brazilian domains and samples included in our molecular, morphological, and acoustic comparisons. The type locality of Pseudopaludicola florencei sp. nov. in Andaraí, state of Bahia, Brazil is indicated with a red star. The inset shows the hypsometric map of the Espinhaço range where tree species occur: the new species, P. mineira in the Serra do Cipó mountain range (MG) (green symbols), and P. pocoto in the Pico das Almas, Serra das Almas, Rio de Contas (BA) (yellow symbols). Municipalities: (1) Andaraí, BA; (2) Mutuípe, BA; (3) Nanuque, MG; (4) Rio de Contas, BA; (5) Xique-Xique, BA; (6) Santa Quitéria, CE; (7) Novas Russas, CE; (8) Quixadá, CE; (9) Morada Nova, CE; (10) Missão Velha, CE; (11) Cajazeiras, PB; (12) Salgueiro, PE; (13) Macaíba, RN; (14) Jaboticatubas (Serra do Cipó mountain range), MG; (15) Belo Horizonte, MG; (16) Novo Hamburgo, RS; (17) Osório, RS; (18) Eldorado do Sul, RS; (19) Porto Alegre, RS; (20) Viamão, RS; (21) Candiota, RS; (22) Santana do Livramento, RS; (23) Esquina, Corrientes; (24) Mercedes, Corrientes; (25) San Martin, Corrientes. Localities from 23 to 25 are in Argentina. Brazilian states: Bahia—BA; Ceará—CE; Minas Gerais—MG; Paraíba—PB; Pernambuco—PE; Piauí—PI; Rio Grande do Norte—RN; Rio Grande do Sul—RS. Legend contains the Brazilian domains and altitude in meters of the hypsometric map. See further details on the entire distribution of P. pocoto in Andrade et al. (2017a) and Silva et al. (2017), and for P. falcipes in Langone et al. (2015, 2016). The blue star is the centroid point of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (type locality of P. falcipes, according Langone et al. 2015).

FIGURE 7 in A new species of Pseudopaludicola Miranda-Ribeiro (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae) from eastern Brazil, with novel data on the advertisement call of Pseudopaludicola falcipes (Hensel)

FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic relationships of the Pseudopaludicola species from the 2n = 22 clade based in the 12S and 16S rDNA mitochondrial genes. Bayesian posterior probabilities are given near the nodes.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Pseudopaludicola Miranda-Ribeiro (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae) from eastern Brazil, with novel data on the advertisement call of Pseudopaludicola falcipes (Hensel)

FIGURE 5. Scatterplot of the discriminant analyzes (DAPC) on the morphometric and acoustic datasets of Pseudopaludicola florencei sp. nov., P. pocoto, P. mineira, and P. falcipes. (A) The two first axes on the morphometric data (9 first PCs, 96% retained variance). Variance explained by the axes: LD1 = 71.6 % (F-statistic = 101.9) and LD2 = 19.5 % (F-statistic = 27.7). (B) The two first axes on the acoustic data (5 first PCs, 94% retained variance). LD1 = 78.6 % (F-statistic = 220.4) and LD2 = 19.4 % (F-statistic = 54.3).

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2018View details →

CHARMM36-UA POPE Simulations (versions 1 and 2) 310 K (NOTE: hexagonal membrane and POPE is called PEUA)

<p>Two CHARMM36-UA POPE bilayer simulations performed using GROMACS 5.0.6 for 200 ns with different starting velocities. Simulations were performed with the standard CHARMM36 settings: a 1.2 nm cut-off with PME for the Coulombic interactions and a 1.2 nm cut-off for the van der Waals interactions with the forces switched off at 1.0 nm. These simulations were performed at 310 K with a 336 hexagonal lipid bilayer. The full trajectories are provided bar the initial 100 ns. The starting structure of the membrane was made by reverse mapping an equilibrated MARTINI POPE bilayer (constructed with the INSANE script).</p>

FIGURES 82–85 in On the taxonomic structure and variability of Macropsidius involutus Dlabola, 1963 (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Macropsinae) - morphology and calling signal pattern

FIGURES 82–85. Photos of localities, where Macropsidius involutus was collected. 82―the Suusamyr River Valley, Kyrgyzstan (loc. No. 4), mountain steppe dominated with Artemisia (Seriphidium) sp. at ca. 2000 m a. s. l.; 83―Kokpek Ravine, Kazakhstan (loc. No. 6), mountain steppe with low shrubs and Artemisia (Seriphidium) sp. at ca. 1200 m a. s. l., vegetation, suffering from overgrazing, trails trampled by cattle are visible; 84―environs of Taldykurgan, Kazakhstan (loc. No. 7), ca. 600 m a. s. l., dry slope in the foreground is covered with Artemisia (Seriphidium) sp.; 85― desert in the Alakol Lake Depression, Kazakhstan (loc. No. 9) at ca. 370 m a. s. l., areas of bare soil have a natural origin, in the foreground on the left there are thickets of Artemisia (Seriphidium) sp.

FIGURES 58–69 in On the taxonomic structure and variability of Macropsidius involutus Dlabola, 1963 (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Macropsinae) - morphology and calling signal pattern

FIGURES 58–69. Oscillograms of male calling signals of Macropsidius involutus, parts of signals at high speed. Scale mark at the bottom is the same for all oscillograms.

FIGURES 70–81 in On the taxonomic structure and variability of Macropsidius involutus Dlabola, 1963 (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Macropsinae) - morphology and calling signal pattern

FIGURES 70–81. Oscillograms of male calling signals of Macropsidius involutus, parts of signals at high speed. Scale mark at the bottom is the same for all oscillograms.

FIGURES 46–57 in On the taxonomic structure and variability of Macropsidius involutus Dlabola, 1963 (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Macropsinae) - morphology and calling signal pattern

FIGURES 46–57. Oscillograms of male calling signals of Macropsidius involutus, general view at low speed. Faster oscillograms of the parts of signals indicated as "58–69", "72", and "77–81" are given under the same numbers. Scale mark at the bottom is the same for all oscillograms.

FIGURES 22–45 in On the taxonomic structure and variability of Macropsidius involutus Dlabola, 1963 (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Macropsinae) - morphology and calling signal pattern

FIGURES 22–45. Macropsidius involutus, penis, back (22–36, 38–39, 41–43, and 45) and side (37, 40, and 44) view. 22– 25―males from the Crimea (loc. No. 1), 26–27―males from Saratov Oblast, Lower Volga Region (loc. No. 2), 28–30―males from the deserts South of the Balkhash Lake between the Karatal and the Lepsy Rivers (M. arenosus sensu Mityaev, 1971), 31―male from Kokpek Ravine, Kazakhstan (loc. No. 6), 32–33―males from Taldykurgan, Kazakhstan (loc. No. 7), 34―male from Dzhunghar Alatau Mtn. Range, Kazakhstan (loc. No. 8), 35–36―males from Tarbagatay, Kazakhstan (loc. No. 10), 37– 38―male from the Suusamyr River Valley, Kyrgyzstan (loc. No. 4), 39―male from Chu-Ili Mountains, Kazakhstan (loc. No. 5), 40–43―males from the Alakol Lake Depression, Kazakhstan (loc. No. 9), 44–45―male from Isfana, Kyrgyzstan (loc. No. 3).

FIGURES 8–21 in On the taxonomic structure and variability of Macropsidius involutus Dlabola, 1963 (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Macropsinae) - morphology and calling signal pattern

FIGURES 8–21. Macropsidius involutus, style (8–14) and pygofer in back view (15–21). 8–9 and 15–16―males from the Crimea (loc. No. 1), 10 and 11―males from Saratov Oblast, the Lower Volga Region (loc. No. 2), 12―male from Chu-Ili Mountains, Kazakhstan (loc. No. 5), 13―male from Kokpek Ravine, Kazakhstan (loc. No. 6), 14―male from Dzhunghar Alatau Mtn. Range, Kazakhstan (loc. No. 8), 17–18―males from Taldykurgan, Kazakhstan (loc. No. 7), 19–21―males from the Alakol Lake Depression, Kazakhstan (loc. No. 9).

FIGURES 2–7 in On the taxonomic structure and variability of Macropsidius involutus Dlabola, 1963 (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Macropsinae) - morphology and calling signal pattern

FIGURES 2–7. Macropsidius involutus, dorsal view (2–3) and face (4–7). 2 and 4―male from the Crimea (loc. No. 1), 3―male from the Alakol Lake Depression, Kazakhstan (loc. No. 9), 5―male from Kokpek Ravine, Kazakhstan (loc. No. 6), 6―female from the Crimea (loc. No. 1), 7―female from the Alakol Lake Depression, Kazakhstan (loc. No. 9).

FIGURE 1 in On the taxonomic structure and variability of Macropsidius involutus Dlabola, 1963 (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Macropsinae) - morphology and calling signal pattern

FIGURE 1. Map of localities where the material was collected and characteristics of local populations studied. The numbers of localities on the map correspond to those in the text; the list of localities is given at the end of the section on materials and methods.

FIGURE 12 in Unveiling species diversity in collared frogs through morphological and bioacoustic evidence: a new Mannophryne (Amphibia, Aromobatidae) from Sierra de Aroa, northwestern Venezuela, and an amended definition and call description of M. herminae (Boettger, 1893)

FIGURE 12. Advertisement call of Mannophryne herminae. Oscillogram (a) and spectrogram (b) of a 5 s fragment of the call. Detailed view of the oscillogram (c) and spectrogram (d) of a 1 s section of the same recording.

FIGURE 8 in Unveiling species diversity in collared frogs through morphological and bioacoustic evidence: a new Mannophryne (Amphibia, Aromobatidae) from Sierra de Aroa, northwestern Venezuela, and an amended definition and call description of M. herminae (Boettger, 1893)

FIGURE 8. César Ramón Molina Rodriguez (1960–2015) with an amplectant couple of the critically endangered Rancho Grande Harlequin Frog Atelopus cruciger in January 2010. We named Mannophryne molinai sp. nov. after him in a posthumous recognition of his friendship and contributions to the knowledge of the diversity and conservation of Venezuelan amphibians and reptiles. Photo: F.J.M. Rojas-Runjaic.

FIGURE 11 in Unveiling species diversity in collared frogs through morphological and bioacoustic evidence: a new Mannophryne (Amphibia, Aromobatidae) from Sierra de Aroa, northwestern Venezuela, and an amended definition and call description of M. herminae (Boettger, 1893)

FIGURE 11. Live specimens of Mannophryne herminae from San Esteban River, Carabobo state, Venezuela (near the type locality). Adult female, dorsolateral (a) and ventral (b) views; adult male, dorsolateral (c) and ventral (d) views. Photos: F.J.M. Rojas-Runjaic.

FIGURE 10 in Unveiling species diversity in collared frogs through morphological and bioacoustic evidence: a new Mannophryne (Amphibia, Aromobatidae) from Sierra de Aroa, northwestern Venezuela, and an amended definition and call description of M. herminae (Boettger, 1893)

FIGURE 10. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views of the type series of Mannophryne herminae. 1. Lectotype male SMF 7286; Paralectotypes SMF 7316 (2, female), SMF 7317 (3, male); SMF 7318 (4, male); SMF 7319 (5, female); SMF 54898 (6, female); SMF 54899 (7, female). (c) Label with catalog information of the paralectotypes. Photos: S. Lotzkat.

FIGURE 7 in Unveiling species diversity in collared frogs through morphological and bioacoustic evidence: a new Mannophryne (Amphibia, Aromobatidae) from Sierra de Aroa, northwestern Venezuela, and an amended definition and call description of M. herminae (Boettger, 1893)

FIGURE 7. La Rondona creek, Sierra de Aroa, northwestern Venezuela, type locality of Mannophryne molinai sp. nov. (a) View of a small pool and (b) crevices below a waterfall were several specimens of the type series were found. Photos: F.J.M. Rojas-Runjaic.