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FIGURE 8 in Morphology of the complete larval development of the symbiotic crab Sestrostoma balssi (Shen, 1932) (Varunidae: Gaeticinae)

FIGURE 8. Sestrostoma balssi (Glassell, 1933), megalopa. A–E, pereiopods 1–5; F, sternum; G, pleon with pleopods, lateral view; H, pleon, dorsal view; I, pleopod 1; J, uropod.

FIGURE 7 in Morphology of the complete larval development of the symbiotic crab Sestrostoma balssi (Shen, 1932) (Varunidae: Gaeticinae)

FIGURE 7. Sestrostoma balssi (Glassell, 1933), megalopa. A, first maxilliped; B, second maxilliped; C, third maxilliped (setules on plumodenticulate setae omitted).

FIGURE 4 in Morphology of the complete larval development of the symbiotic crab Sestrostoma balssi (Shen, 1932) (Varunidae: Gaeticinae)

FIGURE 4. Sestrostoma balssi (Glassell, 1933), fourth zoea. A, complete larva, lateral view; B, antennule; C, antenna; D, mandibles; E, maxillule; F, maxilla; G, first maxilliped; H, second maxilliped; I, third maxilliped; J, pereiopods; K, pleon, ventral view.

FIGURE 6 in Morphology of the complete larval development of the symbiotic crab Sestrostoma balssi (Shen, 1932) (Varunidae: Gaeticinae)

FIGURE 6. Sestrostoma balssi (Glassell, 1933), megalopa. A, complete larva, dorsal view; B, antennule; C, antenna; D, mandibles; E, maxillule; F, maxilla (arrows indicate tubercles; setules on scaphognathite omitted).

FIGURE 5 in Morphology of the complete larval development of the symbiotic crab Sestrostoma balssi (Shen, 1932) (Varunidae: Gaeticinae)

FIGURE 5. Sestrostoma balssi (Glassell, 1933), fifth zoea. A, complete larva, lateral view; B, antennule; C, antenna; D, mandibles; E, maxillule; F, maxilla; G, first maxilliped; H, second maxilliped; I, third maxilliped; J, pereiopods; K, pleon, ventral view.

FIGURE 3 in Morphology of the complete larval development of the symbiotic crab Sestrostoma balssi (Shen, 1932) (Varunidae: Gaeticinae)

FIGURE 3. Sestrostoma balssi (Glassell, 1933), third zoea. A, complete larva, lateral view; B, antennule; C, antenna; D, mandibles; E, maxillule; F, maxilla; G, first maxilliped; H, second maxilliped; I, pleon, dorsal view.

FIGURE 2 in Morphology of the complete larval development of the symbiotic crab Sestrostoma balssi (Shen, 1932) (Varunidae: Gaeticinae)

FIGURE 2. Sestrostoma balssi (Glassell, 1933), second zoea. A, complete larva, lateral view; B, antennule; C, antenna; D, mandibles; E, maxillule; F, maxilla; G, first maxilliped; H, second maxilliped; I, pleon, dorsal view.

FIGURE 8 in Complete morphological re-description of mud-dwelling axiid Leonardsaxius amurensis (Kobjakova, 1937) with remarks on Axiidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea) from the Russian coast of the Sea of Japan

FIGURE 8. Alive coloration of Boasaxius princeps (Boas, 1880) (a–e) and Leonardsaxius amurensis (Kobjakova, 1937) (f, g).

FIGURE 7 in Complete morphological re-description of mud-dwelling axiid Leonardsaxius amurensis (Kobjakova, 1937) with remarks on Axiidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea) from the Russian coast of the Sea of Japan

FIGURE 7. Boasaxius princeps (Boas, 1880), male (LEMMI): a—front of carapace, lateral view; b—front of carapace, dorsal view; c—sixth pleomere, telson and uropods, dorsal view; d—major first pereiopod (cheliped); e—minor first pereiopod (cheliped).

FIGURE 4 in Complete morphological re-description of mud-dwelling axiid Leonardsaxius amurensis (Kobjakova, 1937) with remarks on Axiidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea) from the Russian coast of the Sea of Japan

FIGURE 4. Leonardsaxius amurensis (Kobjakova, 1937),color photos, large adult male (LEMMI) (a, d, g)—non-ovigerous female (MIMB) (b, c, e, f, h–m): a, b—front of carapace, lateral view; c, d—carapace, dorsal view; e—sixth pleomere, telson and uropods, lateral view; f—same, dorsal view; g, h, i—first major pereiopod; j, k—first minor pereiopod; l—second pereiopod; m—third pereiopod.

FIGURE 2 in Complete morphological re-description of mud-dwelling axiid Leonardsaxius amurensis (Kobjakova, 1937) with remarks on Axiidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea) from the Russian coast of the Sea of Japan

FIGURE 2. Leonardsaxius amurensis (Kobjakova, 1937), male (LEMMI): a—front of carapace, lateral; b—front of carapace, dorsal; c—sixth pleomere, telson and uropods, lateral; d—telson and uropods, dorsal.

FIGURE 3 in Complete morphological re-description of mud-dwelling axiid Leonardsaxius amurensis (Kobjakova, 1937) with remarks on Axiidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea) from the Russian coast of the Sea of Japan

FIGURE 3. Leonardsaxius amurensis (Kobjakova, 1937), male (LEMMI): a—third maxilliped; b—larger first pereiopod (cheliped); c—smaller first pereiopod (cheliped); d—second pereiopod.

FIGURE 5 in Complete morphological re-description of mud-dwelling axiid Leonardsaxius amurensis (Kobjakova, 1937) with remarks on Axiidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea) from the Russian coast of the Sea of Japan

FIGURE 5. Leonardsaxius amurensis (Kobjakova, 1937), holotype (ZMMU): a—front of carapace, lateral view; b—front of carapace, dorsal view; c—telson and uropods, dorsal view; d—first major pereiopod; e—first minor pereiopod; f—second pereiopod.

FIGURE 1 in Complete morphological re-description of mud-dwelling axiid Leonardsaxius amurensis (Kobjakova, 1937) with remarks on Axiidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea) from the Russian coast of the Sea of Japan

FIGURE 1. Leonardsaxius amurensis (Kobjakova, 1937), general lateral view: a—adult male (LEMMI), b—subadult specimen, probably male (MIMB); c, d—adult male.

FIGURE 8. A in Towards completion of the early Eocene aviary: A new bird group from the Messel oil shale (Aves, Eopachypterygidae, fam. nov.)

FIGURE 8. A, Right humerus (cranial view) of Eocuculus sp. from the early Oligocene of southern France (SMF Av 424; see Mayr 2008). B, Right humerus (cranial view) of Eopachypteryx praeterita (SMF-ME 2426). C, Sternum of Eocuculus cf. cherpinae from the early Oligocene of southern France (SMF Av 425; see Mayr 2006). D, Sternum of?Eopachypteryx sp. (SMF-ME 11417A). Bones in A, B, and D coated with ammonium chloride. Scale bars equal 5 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Towards completion of the early Eocene aviary: A new bird group from the Messel oil shale (Aves, Eopachypterygidae, fam. nov.)

FIGURE 6.?Eopachypteryx sp. from the early Eocene of Messel, referred specimen SMF-ME 11417, skull details. A, Skull in ventral view (SMF-ME 11417A). B, C, Detail showing left quadrate and pterygoid; in C the bone is digitally enhanced. D, E, Detail showing right quadrate and pterygoid; in E the bones are digitally enhanced. F, Caudal end of right ramus mandibulae in dorsal view (SMF-ME 11417B). G–J, Caudal ends of right rami mandibularum of extant Cathartes burrovianus (Cathartidae, G), Coracias cyanogaster (Coraciidae, H), and Pharomachrus mocinno (Trogonidae, J). Abbreviations: cdm, condylus medialis; cla, cotyla lateralis; cmd, cotyla medialis; cpt, condylus pterygoideus; csq, capitulum squamosum; fos, fossa in midsection of ramus mandibulae; lpt, left pterygoid; lqd, left quadrate; prj, projection formed by caudal extension of cotyla lateralis; rpt, right pterygoid; rqd, right quadrate; ubk, upper beak. The framed areas in A indicate the position of the details in B–E. Fossil specimens coated with ammonium chloride. Scale bars equal 5 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Towards completion of the early Eocene aviary: A new bird group from the Messel oil shale (Aves, Eopachypterygidae, fam. nov.)

FIGURE 4. Eopachypteryx praeterita, gen. et sp. nov. from the early Eocene of Messel. Details of various postcranial bones. A, B, Left and right hand sections of the wings of SMF-ME 11033B in dorsal view. C, D, Left and right hand sections of the wings of the holotype (SMF-ME 825) in dorsal view. E, Furcula and ossified tracheal rings of SMF-ME 11033A. F, Distal end of right humerus of the holotype in caudodorsal view. G, Proximal portion of the right tibiotarsus of the holotype in caudal view. H, Right tfoot of the holotype in plantar view. Abbreviations: dep, depression on dorsal surface of processus extensorius; exs, extremitas sternalis of furcula; hyp, hypotarsus; ocu, os carpi ulnare; std, sulcus tendinosus; tbd, tuberculum dorsale; tra, ossified tracheal rings; ung, ungual phalanx. Specimens coated with ammonium chloride. Scale bars equal 5 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Towards completion of the early Eocene aviary: A new bird group from the Messel oil shale (Aves, Eopachypterygidae, fam. nov.)

FIGURE 3. Eopachypteryx praeterita, gen. et sp. nov. from the early Eocene of Messel, coracoid (A–E) and humerus (L–P). A, B, Left coracoid of the holotype, SMF-ME 825 (dorsal view); in the right image the bone is digitally enhanced. C, Right coracoid of the holotype (dorsal view). D, Left coracoid of SMF-ME 2426 (ventral view). E, Right coracoid of SMF-ME 11033B (dorsal view). F, Left coracoid of Vanellus vanellus (Charadriidae) in dorsomedial view. G, Left coracoid of Pterocles namaqua (Pteroclidae) in dorsal view. H, Left humerus of Coracias cyanogaster (Coraciiformes) in cranial view. I, Humerus (cranial view) of P. namaqua (bone from right side, mirrored). J, Humerus (cranial view) of Pharomachrus mocinno (Trogoniformes; bone from right side, mirrored). K, Humerus (cranial view) of Steatornis caripensis (Steatornithiformes; bone from right side, mirrored). L, Left humerus of SMF-ME 11033A (cranial view; the arrow indicates a fracture of the bone). M, Right humerus of SMF-ME 11033A (cranial view). N, Left humerus of SMF-ME 2426 (cranial view). O, Right humerus of SMF-ME 2426 (caudal view). P, Right humerus of SMF-ME 2426 (cranial view). Abbreviations: acr, acromion of scapula; cdd, condylus dorsalis; csc, cotyla scapularis; dep, depression on condylus ventralis; exo, extremitas omalis of furcula; fac, facies articularis clavicularis; fpt, fossa pneumotricipitalis; ppc, processus procoracoideus; tbd, tuberculum dorsale. Fossil specimens coated with ammonium chloride. Scale bars equal 5 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Towards completion of the early Eocene aviary: A new bird group from the Messel oil shale (Aves, Eopachypterygidae, fam. nov.)

FIGURE 2. Eopachypteryx praeterita, gen. et sp. nov. from the early Eocene of Messel (Germany). Skulls of A, SMF-ME 2426 and B, SMF-ME 11033A. C, D, Details of pterygoid and quadrate of SMF-ME 2426; in D the bones are digitally enhanced. E, Detail of quadrate of SMF-ME 11033A. F, Cervical vertebrae (numbered) of SMF-ME 11033B in dorsal view. Abbreviations: crm, caudal end of right ramus mandibulae; fos, fossa in midsection of ramus mandibulae; rpt, right pterygoid; rqd, right quadrate; tsc, tuberculum subcapitulare. The framed areas in A and B indicate the position of the details in C–E. Specimens coated with ammonium chloride. Scale bars equal 5 mm.

FIGURE 5 in Towards completion of the early Eocene aviary: A new bird group from the Messel oil shale (Aves, Eopachypterygidae, fam. nov.)

FIGURE 5.?Eopachypteryx sp. from the early Eocene of Messel, referred specimen SMF-ME 11417. A, SMF-ME 11417B. B, SMF-ME 11417A. Specimens coated with ammonium chloride. Scale bars equal 10 mm.