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6,039 results for “Adolescents”
Data from: Predictors of alcohol consumption among in-school adolescents in the Central Region of Ghana: a baseline information for developing cognitive-behavioural interventions
Background and purpose: Despite a recent shift in school going adolescents' engagement in health compromising behaviours has serious socio-economic implications on developing societies, it is surprising that baseline information through research that would influence planned interventions is sparse. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of alcohol drinking behaviours among in-school adolescents in the Junior High Schools (JHS) in the Central Region of Ghana. Methods and results: Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, multistage sampling procedures were used to sample 1400 school going adolescents in JHS in the Central Region. Preliminary results using simple frequencies and percentages revealed 42% alcohol drinking prevalence in the region. High prevalence of drunkenness (73%, n = 405) and early exposure to alcohol drinking when students were in primary school (52%, n = 286) were noted. Community festivals and use of alcohol as a form of medicine were enabling factors of alcohol consumption in the region. Binary logistic regression analysis also showed that geographical location was a significant predictor of alcohol drinking among school going adolescents, with students in the southern and central part of the region at greater risks of drinking alcohol than those from the northern part (OR = .696, 95% CI = 0.52-926, p = .013). However, no statistical significant variations were found in the odds of drinking alcohol within age (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.86-1.48, p = .370), gender (OR = .81, 95% CI = 0.65-1.01, p = .06), religious affiliation (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 0.94-1.89, p = .10), parental communication (OR = .86, 95% CI = 0.66-1.06, p = .13), academic performance (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.79-1.45, p = .05) and socioeconomic status (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.95-1.53, p = .12). Conclusions: With this baseline data, it was recommended that schools' curricula should include preventive cognitive-behavioural interventions that teach drug resistance skills and anti-drug norms. These interventions would foster the development of requisite knowledge and social skills (e.g., developing competence) for resisting social and peer influences that may trigger alcohol use and perhaps other drugs. Potentially, the motivation for alcohol use among school going adolescents in the region would be minimized, if not prevented.
Data from: Children's visuospatial memory predicts mathematics achievement through early adolescence
A previous study showed that gains in visuospatial memory from first to fifth grade predicted end-of-fifth grade mathematics but not reading achievement, controlling other factors. In this follow up study, these relations were assessed from sixth to ninth grade, inclusive (n = 145). The results showed that growth in visuospatial memory across the elementary school years was related to growth in mathematics achievement after fifth grade, controlling intelligence, the central executive and phonological memory components of working memory, in-class attentive behavior, parental education, and fifth grade mathematics achievement. As found for fifth grade, this relation was not found for reading achievement after fifth grade. In total, the results suggest that visuospatial memory has a unique influence on ease of learning some types of mathematics and that this influence becomes more important across successive grades.
Data from: Naturally-occurring changes in social-cognitive factors modify change in physical activity during early adolescence
Purpose. To determine whether naturally-occurring changes in children's motives and beliefs are associated with the steep decline in physical activity observed from childhood to early adolescence. Methods. Latent growth modeling was applied in longitudinal tests of social-cognitive influences, and their interactions, on physical activity in a large cohort of boys and girls evaluated annually between 5th and 7th grades. Results. Measurement equivalence of motives and beliefs was confirmed between boys and girls. After adjustment for gender and maturity differences, physical activity declined less in children who reported the least decreases in self-efficacy for overcoming barriers to activity and perceived parental support. Physical activity also declined less in students who persistently felt they had more parental and friend support for activity compared to those who reported the largest decrease in support from friends. After further adjustment for race, the decline in physical activity was less in those who had the largest decrease in perceived barriers and maintained a favorable perception of their neighborhood environment. Changes in enjoyment and social motives were unrelated to change in physical activity. Conclusion. Using an objective measure of physical activity, we confirm that naturally-occurring changes in children's beliefs about barriers to physical activity and their ability to overcome them, as well as perceptions of their neighborhood environment and social support, are concurrent with age-related declines in children's physical activity. The longitudinal findings confirm these putative social-cognitive mediators as plausible, interacting targets of interventions designed to mitigate the marked decline in physical activity that occurs during the transition between elementary and middle schools.
Dataset related to diabetes phase 2 of the project "Transition care between adolescent and adult services for young people with chronic health needs in Italy", funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (RF-2019-12371228).
<p>Dataset related to diabetes phase 2 of the project "Transition care between adolescent and adult services for young people with chronic health needs in Italy", funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (RF-2019-12371228).</p>
Dataset from: Development of implicit and explicit attentional modulation of the processing of social cues conveyed by faces and bodies in children and adolescents
<p>Emotions and sex of other people shape the way we interact in the social environment. Indeed, the influence of these dimensions on cognitive processing is recognized as a highly conditional phenomenon. While much of the research on the topic focused on adults, less evidence is available for the pediatric population. The present study aimed at examining the development of the modulation of attention control on emotion and sex processing using facial and body expressions in children and adolescents (age range 8-16 years old). In Experiment 1a, participants performed a Flanker task (probing space-based attention) in which they had to indicate either the emotion (happy/fearful) or the sex of the target stimulus while ignoring the distracting stimuli at the side. We found evidence for intrusion of the sex, but not the emotion, of the stimuli during both sex and emotion recognition tasks, thus both at an explicit (i.e., task relevant) and implicit (i.e., task irrelevant) level. A control experiment consisting of an emotional Flanker task confirmed that, in contrast with previous findings in adults, emotion did not modulate attention control in children and adolescents even when task relevant (Experiment 1b). In Experiment 2 participants performed a same-or-different judgment task (probing feature-based attention) in which they were asked to indicate whether the central stimulus matched the lateral for emotion or sex. Results showed that emotional features exerted an implicit influence during sex judgements; likewise, sex features intruded on the processing of both faces and bodies during emotion judgments. Finally, Experiment 3 was conducted to explore the development of the explicit attention modulation exerted by the sex dimension on the processing of faces and bodies. To this aim, participants performed a Flanker task in which they were asked to recognize the sex of faces and bodies. The results indicated that, while younger participants showed a task-relevant influence of sexual features when processing faces, older participants showed such influence in processing bodies. These findings point to a greater attentional modulation exerted by sex, as compared to emotion, during social processing in children and adolescents and suggest a developmental trend of the saliency of facial and bodily cues for the perception of others’ sex.</p>
Dataset related to ADHD phase 2 of the project "Transition care between adolescent and adult services for young people with chronic health needs in Italy", funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (RF-2019-12371228).
<p>Dataset related to ADHD phase 2 of the project "Transition care between adolescent and adult services for young people with chronic health needs in Italy", funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (RF-2019-12371228).</p>
Maternal educational attainment in pregnancy and epigenome-wide DNA methylation changes in the offspring from birth until adolescence
<p>Choudhary, P., Monasso, G. S., Karhunen, V., Ronkainen, J., Mancano, G., Howe, C. G., Niu, Z., Zeng, X., Guan, W., Dou, J., Feinberg, J. I., Mordaunt, C., Pesce, G., Baïz, N., Alfano, R., Martens, D. S., Wang, C., Isaevska, E., Keikkala, E., Mustaniemi, S., … Sebert, S. (2023). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38052982/">Maternal educational attainment in pregnancy and epigenome-wide DNA methylation changes in the offspring from birth until adolescence.</a> Molecular psychiatry, 10.1038/s41380-023-02331-5. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-023-02331-5</p> <p>Maternal educational attainment (MEA) shapes offspring health through multiple potential pathways. Differential DNA methylation may provide a mechanistic understanding of these long-term associations. We aimed to quantify the associations of MEA with offspring DNA methylation levels at birth, in childhood and in adolescence. Using 37 studies from high-income countries, we performed meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) to quantify the associations of completed years of MEA at the time of pregnancy with offspring DNA methylation levels at birth (n = 9 881), in childhood (n = 2 017), and adolescence (n = 2 740), adjusting for relevant covariates. MEA was found to be associated with DNA methylation at 473 cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites at birth, one in childhood, and four in adolescence. We observed enrichment for findings from previous EWAS on maternal folate, vitamin-B12 concentrations, maternal smoking, and pre-pregnancy BMI. The associations were directionally consistent with MEA being inversely associated with behaviours including smoking and BMI. Our findings form a bridge between socio-economic factors and biology and highlight potential pathways underlying effects of maternal education. The results broaden our understanding of bio-social associations linked to differential DNA methylation in multiple early stages of life. The data generated also offers an important resource to help a more precise understanding of the social determinants of health.</p>
Neural basis of adolescent THC-induced potentiation of opioid responses later in life - cFos Sample Images
<p>cFos samples from the brains used in our study. Each .tif file can be viewed in ImageJ to scroll through 3D sections centered in four different regions: Globus Pallidus externus (GPe), prelimbic area (PL), hippocampus, and midline group of the dorsal thalamus. These regions were selected to represent a wide sample of different tissues that might show different trends in over or undercounting of cFos-labeled cells. The files with ".count.tif" show the cells marked by ClearMap. Resampled versions of the whole brain cfos signal are also included as "*.cfos_resampled.tif"</p>
Replication Data for Younger adolescents' perspectives on book censorship in Croatia
<p>Questionnaire and raw research data from younger adolescents’ perspectives on book censorship research. </p>
Effects of chronic THC in adolescence on rat play behaviours
<p><b>Background</b>: Cannabis use remains a major public health concern, and its use typically begins in adolescence. Chronic administration of ∆<sup>9</sup>-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive compound in cannabis, during adolescence can produce deficits in adult learning and memory, stress reactivity and anxiety. One possible mechanism behind the disruptions in adulthood from adolescent exposure to THC includes changes in social behaviours, such as social play, which has been shown to be critical to socio-cognitive development.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> Here, using an established animal model of adolescent THC exposure in male and female Long–Evans rats, we explored the effects of THC on play behaviour during the chronic administration period. Following puberty onset, as indicated by external changes to the genitalia, THC (5mg/kg) was administered for 14 days. Play behaviour was assessed seven days following the onset of the injection period at approximately 1 hour post treatment. The frequency of nape attacks, the likelihood and tactics of defensive behaviour, and pins were scored and analyzed.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> THC exposure decreased playfulness in adolescent rats including the number of attacks, likelihood of defense and pins compared to control and vehicle treated rats.</p> <p><b>Conclusion: </b>This suggests that THC suppresses both the attack and defense components of social play. This is an important finding because there is evidence that attack and defense may be mediated by different mechanisms. Furthermore, the effect of THC exposure decreasing playfulness occurred similarly in males and females. This study contributes to understanding the long-term ramifications of adolescent THC exposure on healthy brain development. Disruptions in social behaviour during this period could have long-term consequences on adult brain and behaviour, and the interaction between the pharmacological effects of THC and the subsequent effects of decreased sociality should be considered.</p>
Dataset from: Sport improved 18-month results in a prospective cohort of 785 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis braced full-time
<p>Dataset from a still non-published study titled "Sport improved 18-month results in a prospective cohort of 785 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis braced full-time"</p>
The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS): Validation Study of the Slovak version for adolescents
<p>Dataset for an article called The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS): Validation Study of the Slovak version for adolescents. </p>
Unimpaired groupitizing in children and adolescents with dyscalculia
<p>Details are available in the excel file.</p>
Database of the paper: What variables allow the differentiation between more and less successful adolescent volleyball players?
<p>This is the database of the paper "What variables allow the differentiation between more and less successful adolescent volleyball players?"</p>
Mental health, suicide attempt, and family function for adolescents' primary health care during the COVID-19 pandemic
<p>The purpose of the study was to identify associations between mental health risk, suicide attempt, and family function. The instruments used were the Self-Report Questionnaire, the Suicide Risk Assessment Scale and the family APGAR.</p>
Data set from "Impact of the Free-Pelvis innovation in very rigid braces for adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: short-term results of a matched case-control study"
<p>Dataset from a still non-published study titled "Impact of the Free-Pelvis innovation in very rigid braces for adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: short-term results of a matched case-control study"</p>
Socioeconomic impacts on Andean adolescents' growth: variation between households, between communities, and over time
<p>Background/Objectives</p> <p>We evaluated potential socioeconomic contributors to variation in Andean adolescents' growth between households within a peri-urban community undergoing rapid demographic and economic change, between different community types (rural, peri-urban, urban), and over time. Because growth monitoring is widely used for assessing community needs and progress, we compared the prevalences of stunting, underweight, and overweight estimated by three different growth references.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Alteños' height averaged ∼0.8SD/∼0.6SD/∼2SDs greater than adolescents' height in urban and rural communities measured in 1983/1998/1977, respectively. Overweight prevalence was comparable to the WHO, and lower than MESA and Puno, references. Stunting was 8.5/2.5/0.5 times WHO/MESA/Puno samples, respectively. Female Alteños' growth was positively associated with household and maternal income indices.</p> <p>Conclusions/Implications</p> <p>Both peri-urban conditions and temporal trends contributed to gains in Alteños' growth. Rural out-migration can alleviate migrants' poverty, partly because of more diverse economic options in urbanized communities, especially for women. Nonetheless, Alteños averaged below WHO and MESA height and weight medians. Evolved biological adaptations to environmental challenges, and the consequent variability in growth trajectories, favors using multiple growth references. Growth monitoring should be informed by community- and household-level studies to detect and understand local factors causing or alleviating health disparities. Lay Summary Andean adolescents exhibited elevated rates of stunting; their height varied with socioeconomic status within and between high-altitude communities. Unlike some lowland populations, the prevalence of overweight/obesity was not elevated. Population-specific growth assessments and targeted interventions (e.g., maternal education and employment) are likely to help alleviate disparities in Andean children's growth.</p>
Dataset related to epilepsy phase 1 of the project "Transition care between adolescent and adult services for young people with chronic health needs in Italy", funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (RF-2019-12371228).
<p>Dataset related to epilepsy phase 1 of the project "Transition care between adolescent and adult services for young people with chronic health needs in Italy", funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (RF-2019-12371228).</p>
Dataset related to epilepsy phase 2 of the project "Transition care between adolescent and adult services for young people with chronic health needs in Italy", funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (RF-2019-12371228).
<p>Dataset related to epilepsy phase 2 of the project "Transition care between adolescent and adult services for young people with chronic health needs in Italy", funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (RF-2019-12371228).</p>
Dataset related to ADHD phase 3 of the project "Transition care between adolescent and adult services for young people with chronic health needs in Italy", funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (RF-2019-12371228).
<p>Dataset related to ADHD phase 3 of the project "Transition care between adolescent and adult services for young people with chronic health needs in Italy", funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (RF-2019-12371228).</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.