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6,861 results for “Animals”
Antagonism of CGRP Receptor: Central and Peripheral Mechanisms and Mediators in an Animal Model of Chronic Migraine
<p>This dataset includes the findings obtained in the study aimed at investigating in more depth the interplay between the neuropeptide CGRP and the inflammatory mediators within the mechanisms of neuronal sensitization in an animal model of chronic migraine, using olcegepant as a pharmacological probe. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to nitroglycerin (NTG, 10 mg/kg, i.p.) or NTG vehicle and treated with the CGRP receptor antagonist olcegepant (1 or 2 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (1 ml/kg, i.p.) 1h before the orofacial formalin test. Additionally, sets of rats received NTG (5 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (equivalent volume) co-administered with olcegepant (2 mg/kg i.p.) or its vehicle every other day over a 9-day period. Twenty-four hours after the last injection of NTG (or vehicle), a first set of rats underwent the orofacial formalin test. In a second set, we evaluated the gene expression of CGRP and gene and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in specific areas involved in migraine pain. We also assessed the CGRP and cytokine levels in serum.</p> <p>The in vivo and ex vivo assessments were:</p> <p>1) Pain-related behavior in the orofacial formalin test: the face rubbing was measured counting the seconds the animal spent grooming the injected area (upper lip, lateral to the nose) with the ipsilateral forepaw or hindpaw 0–6 min (Phase I) or 12–45 min (Phase II) after formalin injection (50 µl, s.c.). The observation time was divided into 15 blocks of 3 min each.</p> <p>2) mRNA expression levels: CGRP, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) in cervical spinal cord (CSC), medulla-pons and trigeminal ganglia (TGs). mRNA levels were measured by rt-PCR. The same RNA was used for miRNAs (Mir-34a-5p, Mir-382-5p, Mir-155-5p) extraction in the same areas. All samples were assayed in triplicate and gene expression levels were calculated according to 2−∆∆Ct = 2− (∆Ct gene − ∆Ct housekeeping gene) formula by using Ct (cycle threshold) values.</p> <p>3) Pro-inflammatory cytokines in medulla-pons, CSC and TGs were evaluated using ELISA procedure. CGRP, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta serum levels were measured using commercial ELISA kits.</p> <p>Results in brief</p> <p>Olcegepant attenuated nitroglycerin-induced trigeminal hyperalgesia in the second phase of the orofacial formalin test. Interestingly, it also reduced gene expression and protein levels of CGRP, pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory-associated miRNAs (miR-155-5p, miR-382-5p and miR-34a-5p) and TRPA1 channels in medulla-pons area, cervical spinal cord and trigeminal ganglia. Similarly, olcegepant reduced the NTG-induced increase of CGRP and inflammatory.</p>
Phylogenomics and the first higher taxonomy of Placozoa, an ancient and enigmatic animal phylum
<p>Placozoa is an ancient phylum of extraordinarily unusual animals: miniscule, ameboid creatures that lack most fundamental animal features. Despite high genetic diversity, only recently have the second and third species been named. While prior genomic studies suffer from incomplete placozoan taxon sampling, we more than double the count with protein sequences from seven key genomes and produce the first nuclear phylogenomic reconstruction of all major placozoan lineages. This leads us to the first complete Linnaean taxonomic classification of Placozoa, over a century after its discovery: This may be the only time in the 21st century when an entire higher taxonomy for a whole animal phylum is formalized. Our classification establishes 2 new classes, 4 new orders, 3 new families, 1 new genus, and 1 new species, namely classes Polyplacotomia and Uniplacotomia; orders Polyplacotomea, Trichoplacea, Cladhexea, and Hoilungea; families Polyplacotomidae, Cladtertiidae, and Hoilungidae; and genus <em>Cladtertia</em> with species <em>Cladtertia</em> <em>collaboinventa</em>, nov. Our likelihood and gene content tree topologies refine the relationships determined in previous studies. Adding morphological data into our phylogenomic matrices suggests sponges (Porifera) as the sister to other animals, indicating that modest data addition shifts this node away from comb jellies (Ctenophora). Furthermore, by adding the first genomic protein data of the exceptionally distinct and branching Polyplacotoma mediterranea, we solidify its position as sister to all other placozoans; a divergence we estimate to be over 400 million years old. Yet even this deep split sits on a long branch to other animals, suggesting a bottleneck event followed by diversification. Ancestral state reconstructions indicate large shifts in gene content within Placozoa, with <em>Hoilungia</em> <em>hongkongensis</em> and its closest relatives having the most unique genetics.</p>
Grazing animals have contrasting effects on foliar pathogens by changing plant community characteristics
<p><span>Large herbivore grazing has substantial effects on plant community structure and ecosystem functioning, however, the impacts of grazing on plant diseases remain poorly understood. Here, we used a grazing experimentand a removal experiment manipulating plant density and litter biomass in northeast China to evaluate how large vertebrate herbivores (cattle and sheep) affect different foliar fungal diseases (biotrophs and necrotrophs). We found that cattle grazing significantly reduced pathogen load, of both biotrophs and necrotrophs, while sheep grazing increased biotrophic pathogen load, but did not affect necrotrophic pathogen load. </span><span> Mechanistically</span><span>, grazing effects were indirect and mediated by changing </span><span>plant community characteristics</span><span>. Moreover, litter biomass play an important role in affecting necrotrophs and by reducing litter build up the cattle reduced necrotrophic pathogen infection</span><span>. Our results demonstrate that </span><span>cattle and sheep grazing have</span><span> contrasting impacts on </span><span>pathogen load. This finding has important implications for improving disease management through grazing regimes in grassland systems.</span></p>
Datasets: Urbanisation generates multiple trait syndromes for terrestrial animal taxa worldwide
<p>This repository contains the datasets used in the main article:</p> <ul> <li>There is one Excel file per taxonomic group (amphibians, bats, bees, birds, ground beetles, and reptiles).</li> <li>Each file consists of three Excel spreadsheets: "Species" = matrix of species by sites; "Sites" = ID and coordinates of sites + urban and forest land cover variables; "Traits" = matrix of species by traits.</li> <li>Each spreadsheet contains the raw data used for the analyses in the article. For more information on how to handle the data, see the "Method" section.</li> </ul>
Supplementary animations for "Scalar dark matter vortex stabilization with black holes"
<p>Supplementary animations for <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2301.13220">Scalar dark matter vortex stabilization with black holes</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.13220">arxiv:2301.13220, </a><a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/07/004">https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/07/004</a></p>
A case of forensic genomics in Uganda reveals animal ownership and low exotic genetic introgression in indigenous cattle
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The cattle industry contributes to Uganda's agricultural output. It however faces challenges that include theft and parentage ascertainment. These challenges can benefit from recent developments in genomics and bioinformatics technologies. In the current study, we provided a proof-of-concept conflict resolution method based on the available bovine genomic tools. Briefly, two farmers we refer to as A and B contested for ownership of a group of 9 cattle. To offer objective and data-based guidance to resolving this conflict, we sampled hair samples of the 9 contested cattle as well as 7 and 2 cattle from farmers A and B respectively that were identified by these farmers as the closest relatives of the contested animals. DNA was extracted from each of the collected hair samples and subsequently genotyped on the Illumina BovineSNP50-24 version 3 BeadChip for 53218 DNA Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) variants. Upon genotype data cleaning we retained ~30,000 SNPs which were used for different genomic analyses including principal component analysis, identity by state (IBS) analysis, and hierarchical clustering analysis, to establish the genetic relationships within and between the investigated animal groups.</span></p>
Animating soils: analysed samples
<p>In the dissertation Animating soils: geoarchaeological approaches to past human-environment relationships in the Arctic, five sites in northern Scandinavia was analysed with geoarchaeological methods. This dataset contain sample information and results. Sample coordinates from Brodtkorbneset, Steintjørna and Hobergsträsk have been measured with a totalstation in custom coordinate systems. The analytical parameters include soil organic matter, inorganic and total phosphate analysis, magnetic susceptiblity before and after ignition. </p>
Evolutionary origins and patterns of diversification in animal brood parasitism
<p>Brood parasitism involves the exploitation of host parental care rather than the extraction of resources directly from hosts. Although often excluded, we show that brood parasitism fits within existing frameworks of parasitic strategies, and formulate defining criteria, including that the parasites be obligate and the hosts non-eusocial (thereby distinguishing them from social parasites). A systematic literature survey revealed 59 independently derived brood parasitic lineages with most origins (49) in insects, particularly among bees and wasps, and other origins in birds (7) and fish (3). Insects account for over 98% of brood parasitic species, with much of that diversity reflecting ancient (100+ million-year-old) brood parasitic lineages. Brood parasites usually, but not always, evolve from forms that show parental care. In insects, brood parasitism often first evolves through exploitation of a closely related species, following Emery's rule, but this is less typical in birds, which we discuss. We conducted lineage-level comparisons between brood parasitic clades and their sister groups, finding mixed results but an overall neutral to negative effect of brood parasitism on species richness and diversification. Our review of brood parasites reveals many unanswered questions requiring new research including further modelling of the co-evolutionary dynamics of brood parasites and their hosts.</p>
Ocean iron fertilisation may amplify climate change pressures on marine animal biomass for limited climate benefit
<p>Model output to support Global Change Biology paper: Ocean iron fertilisation may amplify climate change pressures on marine animal biomass for limited climate benefit</p>
Data and R code for: "Global meta-analysis shows reduced quality of food crops under inadequate animal pollination"
<p>R code, data, and metadata for the study "Global meta-analysis shows reduced quality of food crops under inadequate animal pollination"</p>
Figure 1 in Species composition of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on domestic animals and their public health importance in Tamil Nadu, South India
Figure 1. Localities where the field work was carried out in Madurai district.
Impressive pan-genomic diversity of E. coli from a wild animal community near urban development reflects human impacts
<p>Data provided here support the findings of this study and code will allow the replication of analyses therein. To do so, first download and unzip the associated data files.</p> <p>For each analysis, the following files are required:</p> <p>PCAs: PCA.R, prokka_annotations.zip (and VirulenceFinder_results.csv for virulence factor PCA)</p> <p>Sankey diagram: Plasmid_AMR_Sankey.R, mlplasmids_results.zip, MOBsuite_results.zip, ResFinder_results.csv</p> <p>Pathotype assignment: VF_data_analysis.R, VirulenceFinder_results.csv</p> <p>TableS1_Ecoli_metadata.csv contains the isolate metadata (n=143) for all above analyses.</p>
Estimating animal location from non-overhead camera views
<p>Tracking an animal's location from video has many applications, from providing information on health and welfare to validating sensor-based technologies. Typically, accurate location estimation from video is achieved using cameras with overhead (top-down) views, but structural and financial limitations may require mounting cameras at other angles. We describe a user-friendly solution to manually extract an animal's location from non-overhead video. Our method uses QGIS, an open-source geographic information system, to: (1) assign facility-based coordinates to pixel coordinates in non-overhead frames; 2) use the referenced coordinates to transform the non-overhead frames to an overhead view; and 3) determine facility-based x, y coordinates of animals from the transformed frames. Using this method, we could determine an object's facility-based x, y coordinates with an accuracy of 0.13 ± 0.09 m (mean ± SD; range: 0.01–0.47 m) when compared to the ground truth (coordinates manually recorded with a laser tape measurer). We demonstrate how this method can be used to answer research questions about space-use behaviors in captive animals, using 6 ewe-lamb pairs housed in a group pen. As predicted, we found that lambs maintained closer proximity to their dam compared to other ewes in the group and lamb-dam range sizes were strongly correlated. However, the distance traveled by lambs and their dams did not correlate, suggesting that activity levels differed within the pair. This method demonstrates how user-friendly, open-source GIS tools can be used to accurately estimate animal location and derive space-use behaviors from non-overhead video frames. This method will expand capacity to obtain spatial data from animals in facilities where it is not possible to mount cameras overhead.</p>
Animation of surface relative vorticity around Green Island, Taiwan.
<p>This animation is based on a 60m resolution simulation using UCLA-ROMS. The simulation is forced at it's boundaries by high frequency internal tides and waves as well as sub-tidal eddies and fronts. The surface forcing is derived from the ERA5 reanalysis dataset.</p>
How an interferometric gravitational wave detector works (animation)
<p>Animation of a simplified model for an interferometric gravitational wave detector. A description as well as additional background information are given in section 7.4 of the review https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.11589 of using models for teaching about general relativity.</p>
Non-Human Kids of Kiddie Lit: Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings's The Yearling and the Cultural Construction of Animal Narratives as Children's Literature
<p>secondary data used for the writing of the article Non-Human Kids of Kiddie Lit: Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings's The Yearling and the Cultural Construction of Animal Narratives as Children's Literature, published in Children's Literature in Education, 2022, DOI: 10.1007/s10583-022-09508-6</p>
Integrating animal tracking datasets at a continental scale for mapping wildlife habitat
<div><em>Aim:</em></div> <div> </div> <div>The increasing availability of animal tracking datasets collected across many sites provides new opportunities to move beyond local assessments to enable detailed and consistent habitat mapping at biogeographic scales. However, integrating wildlife datasets across large areas and study sites is challenging, as species' varying responses to different environmental contexts must be reconciled. Here, we compare approaches for large-area habitat mapping and assess available habitat for a recolonizing large carnivore, the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx).</div> <div> </div> <div> <em>Location: </em>Europe</div> <div> </div> <div><em>Methods:</em></div> <div> </div> <div>We use a continental-scale animal tracking database (450 individuals from 14 study sites) to systematically assess modeling approaches, comparing (1) global strategies that pool all data for training vs. building local, site-specific models and combining them, (2) different approaches for incorporating regional variation in habitat selection, and (3) different modeling algorithms, testing nonlinear mixed effects models as well as machine-learning algorithms.</div> <div> </div> <div><em>Results:</em></div> <div> </div> <div>Both global and local modeling strategies allowed building transferable habitat models with overall similar predictive performance. Model performance was the highest using flexible machine-learning algorithms and when incorporating variation in habitat selection as a function of environmental variation. Our best-performing model used a weighted combination of local, site-specific habitat models. Our habitat maps identified large areas of suitable, but currently unoccupied lynx habitat, with many of the most suitable unoccupied areas located in regions that could foster connectivity between currently isolated populations.</div> <div> </div> <div><em>Main conclusions:</em></div> <div> </div> <div>We demonstrate that global and local modeling strategies can achieve robust habitat models at the continental scale and that considering regional variation in habitat selection improves broad-scale habitat mapping. More generally, we highlight the promise of large wildlife tracking databases for large-area habitat mapping. Our maps provide the first high-resolution, yet continental assessment of lynx habitat across Europe, providing a consistent basis for conservation planning for restoring the species within its former range.</div>
Animated Pakistan Flag
Watch = https://youtu.be/ujycoGBFNek 3D Realistic Animated Pakistani Flag **PACKAGE INCLUDE** * High quality polygonal model, correctly scaled for an accurate representation of the original object. * Model is built to real-world scale. * Many different format like blender, fbx, obj, iclone, dae * No additional plugin is needed to open the model. * Seperate mesh for Flag, pole & Ground * Flag texture Replacement Possible * 3d print ready in different poses * Separate Loopable Animations * Ready for animation * High Quality materials and textures * Triangles = 5788 * Vertices = 3009 * Edges = 5888 * Faces = 2882 **ANIMATIONS** * Wind * rise * lift * float * +Many different 3d Print Poses **CONTACT US** https://sites.google.com/view/bilalcreation/contact-us **NOTE** 1) GIVE CREDIT BILAL CREATION PRODUCTION 2) SUBSCRIBE YOUTUBE CHANNEL = https://www.youtube.com/BilalCreation/playlists 3) FOLLOW OUR STORE = https://sketchfab.com/bilalcreation 4) LIKE AND GIVE FEEDBACK ON THE MODEL Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Arts of Southeast Asia gallery - animated!
An experimental verison of [this virtual gallery](https://skfb.ly/6UtC8), but all the art is rotating. These virtual galleries are a combination of two things: our curator's and our exhibition designer's vision for the fall 2020 gallery remodel; and the sculptures for which we have made 3D models. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Animated Naga-Enthroned Buddha, 12th - 13th C CE
Bronze Cambodian Naga-enthroned Buddha, 12th - 13th C CE, now in the collection of the Minneapolis Institute of Art. This is the animated version of the model - the static version is here: https://skfb.ly/6RFLV From the object's description on artsmia.org: *"This small bronze represents a transcendent Buddha, who is seated on the coils of a seven-headed snake. Under Jayavarman VII (1181-1218), tantric Buddhism became the state religion, as opposed to a form of Buddhism that stressed the historical events in the Buddha's life. The naga (snake) enthroned Buddha represented the ideal form of an enlightened being, and also represented the king himself."* More information about the object here: https://collections.artsmia.org/art/8146/naga-enthroned-buddha-cambodia Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.