Find research datasets worth reusing

Remarkable effects of microbial factors on soil phosphorus bioavailability: a country-scale study

Low soil phosphorus (P) bioavailability causes the widespread occurrence of P-limited terrestrial ecosystems around the globe. Exploring the factors influencing soil P bioavailability at large spatial scales is critical for managing these ecosystems. However, previous studies have mostly focused on abiotic factors. In this study, we explored the effects of microbial factors on soil P bioavailability of terrestrial ecosystems using a countrycontinental-scale sampling effort. Our results showed that soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and acid phosphatase were important predictors of soil P bioavailability of agro- and natural ecosystems across China although they appeared less important than total soil P. The two microbial factors had a positive effect on soil P bioavailability of both ecosystem types and were able to mediate the effects of several abiotic factors (e.g., mean annual temperature). Meanwhile, we revealed that soil phytase could affect soil P bioavailability at the countrycontinental scale via ways similar to those of soil MBC and acid phosphatase, a pattern being more pronounced in agroecosystems than in natural ecosystems. Moreover, we obtained evidence for the positive effects of microbial genes encoding these enzymes on soil P bioavailability at the countrycontinental scale although their effect sizes varied between the two ecosystem types. Taken together, this study demonstrated the remarkable effects of microbial factors on soil P bioavailability at a large spatial scale, highlighting the importance to consider microbial factors in managing the widespread P-limited terrestrial ecosystems.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →

Scenario data for article: Effects of the energy transition on environmental impacts of cobalt supply: A prospective Life Cycle Assessment study on future supply of cobalt

This dataset contains the background data for the paper '<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jiec.13258">Effects of the energy transition on environmental impacts of the cobalt supply: A prospective Life Cycle Assessment study on the future cobalt supply</a>' as published in the Journal of Industrial Ecology. Please note that an easier to use version of this data for LCA is available through the Premise (<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S136403212200226X">Sacchi et al. 2022</a>) Community Scenarios <a href="https://github.com/premise-community-scenarios/cobalt-perspective-2050">here</a>. This version is slightly adapted to fit into the Premise architecture and is compatible with ecoinvent v3.8 cutoff. This repository contains: <ul> <li>Python code + readme to model the variables, generate presamples packages and generate LCA results based on those. (code folder)</li> <li>Input and output data for Variables 1-3 (files 1&2)</li> <li>Presamples excel sheets for each variable/scenario combination (file 3)</li> <li>Summarized LCA results (the full results can be generated through running the code provided) (file 4)</li> <li>Full LCA results used for the contribution analysis (file 5)</li> <li>Underlying data for each of the figures (file 6)</li> </ul> We refer to the paper (linked above) for more information on the study.   License: The metal supply scenario data is licensed under the CC-BY 4.0 license. Access: Open access   [Changelog] 2023-03-23 - 1.3.1: Add link to Premise Community scenario page. 2022-05-18 - 1.3.0: Fix minor error in data files '4 - LCA results' and '6 - Figure data' in demand amounts for total impacts. 2022-04-06 - 1.2.1: Included link to article after publication 2022-03-30 - 1.2.0: Included underlying figure data 2022-01-24 - 1.1.1: Opened repository after paper acceptance 2021-11-26 - 1.1.0: Update of code to comply with peer-review 2021-07-12 - 1.0.0: Set-up of repository

opengpl-2.0May 2022View details →

Code: The effects of model complexity on model output uncertainty in co-evolved coupled natural–human systems

This is the code archive for the publication "The effects of model complexity on model output uncertainty in co-evolved coupled natural–human systems" in Earth's Future. Abstract: Studies have recently focused on using coupled natural–human systems (CNHS) to inform policymaking. However, model uncertainty can increase with model complexity and affect the variance of the model outcomes. Therefore, this study explores an uncertainty analysis of coupled hydrological and human decision models to better evaluate CNHS modeling properties. Five coupled models are proposed with different model complexities for human behavior settings (i.e., model structure and the number of calibrated parameters): one static, two adaptive, and two learning adaptive. Learning adaptive models (the most complex) have both a learning component (capturing long-term trends) and an adaptive component (capturing short-term variations), while adaptive models omit the learning component. The static model is the simplest, without learning or adaptive components. Applying the law of total variance, the model output uncertainty is decomposed into three sources: (1) climate change scenario uncertainty, (2) climate internal variability, and (3) different model configurations with parameter sets or model structures that are equally capable of producing similar outcomes. Our exploratory analysis demonstrated that model uncertainty would likely increase with model complexity given uncertain input data (e.g., climate forcing) and different model configurations; the inclusion of a learning mechanism in the human system can potentially offset the impact of the natural system on uncertainty through coupling natural and human systems. We also discuss other uncertainty sources, such as assumptions about model structure due to incomplete knowledge and metrics for calibration target selection for future studies.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

Dataset: The effect of hydrogen enrichment, flame-flame interaction, confinement, and asymmetry on the acoustic response of a model can combustor

Complementary dataset for the article: The effect of hydrogen enrichment, flame-flame interaction, confinement, and asymmetry on the acoustic response of a model can combustor. This document provides a brief description of datasets associated with the paper by Æsøy et al. [1]. The datasets contain flame shapes, flame transfer functions (FTFs), and time series data for perfectly premixed methane/hydrogen/air flames operated in a model can combustor (see [1] for more details). The data is divided into four main categories listed below. Each of these are described in the read-me file in the subsequent sub-folder. • FTF flame interaction: The level of flame interaction was systematically varied through varying the spacing between flames and by varying the level of hydrogen enrichement of the fuel. • FTF confinement: The level of wall confinement was varied by varying the combustion chamber diameter. • FTF symmetry: The flame symmetry was varied through equipping the can with different injector geometries. • Time series: Time series data of pressure and heat release rate taken with different hydrogen concentrations and combustion chamber lengths. [1] E. Æsøy, T. Indlekofer, F. Gant, A. Cuquel, M. R. Bothien, J. R. Dawson, The effect of hydrogen enrichment, flame-flame interaction, confinement, and asymmetry on the acoustic response of a model can combustor, Combustion and Flame 242 (2022) 112176.

Limited effect of thermal pruning on wild blueberry crop and its root-associated microbiota - Agricultural dataset

These datasets contain all the agricultural data (soil chemistry, blueberry performance, weeds and diseases...) used in our study.

Edge effects and vertical stratification of aerial insectivorous bats across the interface of primary-secondary Amazonian rainforest

Edge effects - abiotic and biotic changes associated with habitat boundaries - are key drivers of community change in fragmented landscapes. Their influence is heavily modulated by matrix composition. With over half of the world's tropical forests predicted to become forest edge by the end of the century, it is paramount that conservationists gain a better understanding of how tropical biota is impacted by edge gradients. Bats comprise a large fraction of tropical mammalian fauna and are demonstrably sensitive to habitat modification. Yet, knowledge about how bat assemblages are affected by edge effects remains scarce. Capitalizing on a whole-ecosystem manipulation in the Central Amazon, the aims of this study were to i) assess the consequences of edge effects for twelve aerial insectivorous bat species across the interface of primary and secondary forest and ii) investigate if the activity levels of these species differed between the understory and canopy and if they were modulated by distance from the edge. Acoustic surveys were conducted along four 2-km transects each traversing equal parts of primary and ca. 30-year-old secondary forest. Five models were used to assess the changes in the relative activity of forest specialists (three species), flexible forest foragers (three species), and edge foragers (six species). Modelling results revealed no evidence of edge effects, except for forest specialists in the understory. No significant differences in activity were found between the secondary or primary forest but most species exhibited pronounced vertical stratification. Our study highlights that forest specialist bats are more edge-sensitive than both flexible forest and edge foraging bats and suggests that the influence of edge effects on aerial insectivorous bats may exceed 2 km. The absence of pronounced edge effects and the comparable activity levels between primary and old secondary forests indicates that old secondary forest can help ameliorate the consequences of fragmentation on tropical aerial insectivorous bats.

Reef effect of offshore structures on the occurrence and foraging activity of harbour porpoises

With increasing numbers of offshore structures to be decommissioned, a better understanding of their effect on marine predators is timely. There is some evidence that oil and gas platforms may attract marine mammals acting as artificial reefs. However, it is unclear whether different man-made structure designs have similar effects. Further, due to the lack of baseline data prior to installation, it is unknown whether artificial structures modify the diel patterns of occurrence and foraging behaviour of marine mammals. Here, we used passive acoustics to investigate the occurrence and foraging activity of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) around three artificial structures of different age and complexity. We deployed an array of echolocation click detectors (CPODs) in 2021, along a gradient of distances to these structures and assessed the extent to which porpoises were attracted to them. We also investigated the effect of these structures on the diel patterns of occurrence and foraging activity of porpoises. The probability of porpoise occurrence and foraging activity decreased with distance from offshore structures. A significant increase in porpoise occurrence and foraging was detected during night-time compared to daytime around all three offshore structures (< 200 m). Comparing pre- and post-installation porpoise detections, the daily patterns of occurrence and foraging activity shifted from a weak <a>diel</a> pattern before the structure was installed, to a strong nocturnal pattern when the structure was present. These findings provide evidence that marine mammals are attracted to man-made structures and that porpoises modify their diel patterns of occurrence and foraging activity around them. This research suggests that offshore structures play an important role as foraging areas for marine mammals and provides key information for the decommissioning process.

Data from journal article "Amplifying effects of recurrent drought on the dynamics of tree growth and water use in a subalpine forest"

This dataset contains all data used in the above mentioned publication (DOI: tba). The data was obtained in a field drought experiment in a subalpine forest in the Austrian Central Alps, where adult trees were exposed to either ambient conditions or recurrent summer drought. The experiment was conducted from 2016-2018. All data were measured on individual tree level. All dataset contains the following, pre-processed data (processed as described in the corresponding journal article): - Micrometeorological data - Dendrometer data - Tree ring data - Sapflow data - Stem electrical resistivity data - Non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) and soluble sugar carbon isotopic composition (d13C) data The metadata.xlsx file contains all metadata, including units and descriptions of the variables.

Effects of insularity on genetic diversity within and among natural populations

We conducted a review of genetic diversity (GD) within and among populations in relation to categorical population size and isolation (together "insularity"). Using populations from within the same studies, we were able to control for between-study variation in methodology, as well as demographic and life histories. Contradictory to typical expectations, insularity had relatively minor effects on GD within and among population, which points to the more important roles of other factors in shaping evolutionary processes. Such effects of insularity were sometimes seen – particularly in systems (i.e. studies) where GD was already high overall. That is, insularity influenced GD in a study system when GD was high even in non-insular populations of the same system – suggesting an important role for the "scope" of influences on GD. These conclusions were more robust for within - population GD than among - population GD, although a number of biases might underlie this difference. Overall, our findings indicate that population-level genetic assumptions need to be tested rather than assumed in nature, particularly for topics highly relevant to current conservation management practices.

Selpercatinib treatment of RET mutated thyroid cancers is associated with gastrointestinal adverse effects

Background: Metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and radioactive iodine refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma (RAI-R DTC) have poor prognosis and limited treatment options.  Selpercatinib (LOXO-292), a selective kinase inhibitor targeting the RET gene, has shown a 69-79% objective responses have been observed in this cohort (1) with benefits in other tumours harbouring the same oncogenic driver (2).  Published reports describe only 17% of patients experiencing gastrointestinal Adverse effects (AE) which is in contrast to our local experience. Here we characterise the AE and correlate with radiological and histopathological findings.  Methods: Sequential patients enrolled in LIBRETTO-001 at Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney with available imaging (n=22) were recruited.  Patients had regular visits with AE documented and CT scans 3 monthly.  CT at screening, at time of gastrointestinal AE and at most recent follow up were reviewed and scored.  Endoscopic examination was performed in five patients. Results: Of 22 patients in this cohort, the majority had somatic RET alterations (n=18), most commonly p.Met918Thr (n=14). Ten patients (50%) developed gastrointestinal adverse effects.  Dose reduction was required in 8 of the 10 patients, but none discontinued therapy.  The majority had stable disease (n=17). Gastric and small bowel oedema was evident in symptomatic patients after a median time of 67 weeks’ treatment.  Histological correlation in five patients revealed mucosal oedema correlating with radiological evidence of congestion and oedema. Discussion: Gastrointestinal AEs with selpercatinib may be more common than previously described. Most are self-limiting but often require dose adjustments. Histological evidence of mucosal oedema observed in conjunction with the radiological findings of congestion and wall thickening suggest that bowel wall oedema is a predominant mechanism of abdominal pain in these patients.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2021View details →

The challenge of being slow: Effects of tempo, laterality, and experience on dance movement consistency

Data set for the study published in Journal of Motor Behavior.

Dataset of Rainy years counteract negative effects of drought on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity: resilience in annual plant communities

Data used in the article:  Rainy years counteract negative effects of drought on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity: resilience in annual plant communities Abstract 1- Climate models forecast changes in the amounts and distribution of rain, which may affect ecosystems worldwide, especially in drylands where water is already the limiting factor for plant life. Annual plant communities are common in drylands where they can complete their entire life cycle during the rainy period while avoiding the dry season. Moreover, seed dormancy allows them to disperse over time by remaining in the seed bank for long periods. However, the extent to which these communities will be able to tolerate increasing drought is uncertain. 2- We performed a five-year rainfall reduction treatment under field conditions and determined its effects on annual plant communities in a Mediterranean gypsum ecosystem. We assessed the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of these communities each year for five years. 3-The taxonomic and functional diversity decreased under the rainfall reduction treatment whereas the phylogenetic diversity increased. Moreover, the relative importance of species with drought-resistant functional designs increased in the community assemblages. However, after a rainy season with above average rainfall, all of the diversity values recovered completely even under the rainfall reduction treatment. 4- Our results provide important insights into the responses of these plant communities under a climate change scenario, where they indicate high losses of diversity during drought events but rapid recovery in milder years. Synthesis Our findings highlight the great resilience of annual plant communities in drylands, which may allow them to tolerate increased drought under the present climate change scenario.

Enemy exclusion effects on biodiversity-productivity relationship in subtropical forest experiment

This data set is described in full detail in Huang et al. (2022) Journal of Ecology XXX. In brief, we used a large tree biodiversity experiment (BEF-China), established in 2009-2010, to test whether the application of fungicide or insecticide changes observed tree species richness effects on tree growth. We used a subset of plots in which tree species numbers ranged from 1 to 8. To these plots, a factorial split-plot treatment was added in April 2014. The new treatments (I: insecticide; F: fungicide; C: untreated control) were applied to subplots located along one side of the main plots. Each subplot contained 4 × 4 = 16 trees. We further used the central 4 × 4 trees of the main plot for additional measurements (central control subplot). Insecticide and fungicide solutions (4 L per subplot) were sprayed over tree crowns every 4 weeks, but only on days with no or very little wind. During the rainy season, application intervals were halved to 2 weeks to compensate for more rapid leaching. The insecticide solution contained 10 mL dimethoate (an organophosphate) and 10 mL deltamethrin (a pyrethroid). The fungicide solution contained 8 g of mancozeb (a dithiocarbamate) and 25 mL of myclobutanil (a triazole). Control subplots were sprayed with 4 L of water.

The effects of robotic assistance on upper limb spatial muscle synergies in healthy people during planar upper-limb training

This is the minimal dataset underlying the paper: "The effects of robotic assistance on upper limb spatial muscle synergies in healthy people during planar upper-limb training"

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2021View details →

Tapping to hip-hop: Effects of cognitive load, arousal, and musical meter on time experiences

This upload contains the data set for the study published in Attention, Perception and Psychophysics.

Data and R-scripts from: Multiple stressors: negative effects of nest predation on the viability of a threatened gull in different environmental conditions

This contains data and R-scripts used in: <ul> <li>Bård-Jørgen Bårdsen and Jan Ove Bustnes (2022). Multiple stressors: negative effects of nest predation on the viability of a threatened gull in different environmental conditions. Journal of Avian Biology.</li> </ul> This study assessed the population viability of a population of the lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus fuscus) using data collected during 2005-2020 from a nature reserve in Northern Norway. The study merged results from statistical analyses of empirical data with a Leslie model. Here, we provide the underlying data, and the R-scripts used to analyse the data and run the model. The data set include information about reproduction at several stages (laying, hatching and fledgling), nest predation, and individual capture histories (used to estimate apparent survival; see <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.02953">Bårdsen and Bustnes 2022</a>).

Data for: Assortative mating in an ecological context: Effects of mate choice errors and relative species abundance on the frequency and asymmetry of hybridization

The frequency and asymmetry of mixed-species mating set the initial stage for the ecological and evolutionary implications of hybridization. How such patterns of mixed-species mating, in turn, are influenced by the combination of mate choice errors and relative species abundance remain largely unknown. We develop a mathematical model that generates predictions for how relative species abundances and mate choice errors affect hybridization patterns. When mate choice errors are small (<5%) the highest frequency of hybridization occurs when one of the hybridizing species is at low abundance, but when mate choice errors are high (>5%) the highest hybridization frequency occurs when species occur in equal proportions. Furthermore, females of the less abundant species are overrepresented in mixed-species matings. We compare our theoretical predictions with empirical data on naturally hybridizing Ficedula flycatchers and find that hybridization is highest when the two species occur in equal abundance, implying rather high mate choice errors. We discuss ecological and evolutionary implications of our findings and encourage future work on hybrid zone dynamics that take demographic aspects, such as relative species abundance, into account.

Trait functional diversity explains mixture effects on litter decomposition at the arid end of a climate gradient

Litter decomposition is controlled by climate, litter quality and decomposer communities. Because the decomposition of specific litter types is also influenced by the properties of adjacent types, mixing litter types may result in non-additive effects on overall decomposition rates. The strength of these effects seems to depend on the litter functional diversity. However, it is unclear which functional traits or combination of traits explain litter mixture effects and if these depend on the range of trait values and the ecosystems involved. These uncertainties hamper our ability to predict decomposition in plant communities. We aimed at understanding whether and how functional diversity (measured as functional dispersion, FDis) influences litter decomposition, and how this influence varies among different climates and across decomposition stages. We calculated FDis based on litter traits related to nutrient concentrations or to litter recalcitrance, and tested whether these diversity measures and climatic parameters (soil moisture and temperature) explained litter mixture effects on decomposition. Additive mixture effects (i.e. decomposition of mixtures equalling the mean decomposition of the single litter types) were common in most of the evaluated climates. Non-additive, negative effects were mainly restricted to the driest and warmest sites, and decreased with time. Non-additive effects increased in magnitude with the mixtures' FDis, with positive effects being related to FDis in nutrient traits and negative effects being related to FDis in recalcitrance traits. Synthesis: Litter mixing did not have strong effects on decomposition rates across the studied climatic gradient overall, and the direction and intensity of the mixture effects were context-dependent. The effects were stronger and more negative in the dryer ecosystems. Where effects were found, functional diversity calculated from selected groups of traits (related to nutrients or litter recalcitrance) predicted mixture effects, especially where trait ranges were broad, though much of the variation remains unexplained. We propose that functional diversity metrics based on litter traits that are mechanistically relevant, applied to diverse site-specific litter mixtures in different climates, can help to better understand under which conditions and in which direction litter diversity affects decomposition.

Data from: Soil mesofauna may buffer the negative effects of drought on alien plant invasion

Although many studies have tested the direct effects of drought on alien plant invasion, less is known about whether drought affects alien plant invasion indirectly via interactions of plants with other groups of organisms such as soil mesofauna. To test for such indirect effects, we grew single plants of nine naturalized alien target species in pot-mesocosms with a community of five native grassland species under four combinations of two drought (well-watered vs drought) and two soil-mesofauna-inoculation (with vs without) treatments. We found that drought decreased the absolute and the relative biomass production of the alien plants, and thus reduced their competitive strength in the native community. Drought also decreased the abundance of soil mesofauna, particularly soil mites, but did not affect the abundance and richness of soil herbivores. Soil-fauna inoculation did not affect biomass of the alien plants but increased biomass of the native plant community, and thereby decreased the relative biomass production of the alien plants. This increased invasion resistance due to soil fauna, however, tended (p = 0.09) to be stronger for plants growing under well-watered conditions than under drought. Synthesis. Our multispecies experiment thus shows that soil fauna might help native communities to resist alien plant invasions, but that this effect might be weakened under drought. In other words, soil mesofauna may buffer the negative effects of drought on alien plant invasions.