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5,371 results for “Flow”
Bankfull and Mean-flow Channel Geometry Dataset across the CONtiguous United States (CONUS)
<p>This dataset includes estimated river channel geometry attributes, specifically width and depth, under bankfull and mean-flow conditions across the CONtiguous United States (CONUS). The method utilized for providing these estimations are based on eXtreme Gradient Boosting Regression (XGBR). This dataset can be linked to the National Hydrograohy Dataset Plus (NHDPlusV2.1) through Common identifier of the NHD feature, known as COMID.</p>
Flow cytometry data and image data -A dendritic cell vaccine for both vaccination and neoantigen-reactive T cell preparation for cancer immunotherapy in mice
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
MIrreM Public Database on Irregular Migration Flow Estimates and Indicators
<p><span>This <em>Public Database on Irregular Migration Flow Estimates and Indicators</em>, in short MIrreM D5.2, is a MIrreM project deliverable under work package 5.</span><strong><span> </span></strong><span>This database provides an </span><span>inventory and critical appraisal of available estimates and indicators related to irregular migration flows. More specifically, <span>the database contains the country-level data collected by MIrreM’s national rapporteurs, as well as EU-level data from sources other than Eurostat. The datasets include </span>meta-level information on sources and methodology and a quality assessment based on MIrreM’s criteria. </span></p> <p><span>Users of this database are advised to consult the following <strong>companion document</strong> (henceforth, MIrreM Working Paper No. 9/2024) for a full discussion of the context, the underlying concepts, and the methodology used: </span></p> <p><span>Siruno, L., Leerkes, A., Hendow, M. & Brunovská, E. 2024. Working Paper on Irregular Migration Flows. MIrreM Working Paper No. 9. Krems: University for Continuing Education Krems (Danube University Krems). <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.%2010702228"><span>https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.</span> 10702228</a>.</span></p> <p><span>The MIrreM project is a follow-up to CLANDESTINO, which covered the period 2000-2007. MIrreM extends this to the subsequent period 2008-2023. The data covered in this database reflect what is available within this period. Most of the data was collected between June and October 2023, and thus in some cases, the data are only until 2022 pending complete reports for 2023. </span></p>
Unconfined gravity current interactions with oblique slopes: deflection, reflection and combined-flow behaviours
<p><span>Video 1. Annotated video illustrating the behaviour of density currents upon incidence with an oblique topographic slope (Experiment S40°IN75°). </span></p> <p><span> </span><span>Video 2. Annotated video illustrating the behaviour of density currents upon incidence with an oblique topographic slope (S40°IN60°). </span></p> <p><span> </span><span>Video 3. Annotated video illustrating the behaviour of density currents upon incidence with an oblique topographic slope (Experiment S40°IN15°). </span></p> <p><span> </span><span>Video 4. Annotated video illustrating the behaviour of density currents upon incidence with an oblique topographic slope (Experiment S30°IN75°). </span></p> <p><span> </span><span>Video 5. Annotated video illustrating the behaviour of density currents upon incidence with a flow-parallel topographic slope of 10° slope gradient.</span></p>
Quantification of preferential flow in single fracture using electrical monitoring
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Estimates for US foreign-born population size and immigration flows, 2000-2019
<p>Detailed results files for "Bayesian evidence synthesis to infer unobserved population dynamics: an application to international migration into the United States, 2000-2019"</p>
Impact of night-time cold-air flow on particulate matter concentration at Tempelhofer Feld, Berlin, Germany
<p>The dataset consists of particulate matter concentration and meteorology data, measured in Berlin-Hasenheide and Berlin-Temeplhof from June 15, 2022 to June 18, 2022.</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/records/14046315/draft/files/Hasenheide_cargo-bike_PM_HUB.geojson/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Hasenheide_cargo-bike_PM_HUB.geojson</a> : The observed PM concentration and meteorology, at 10 measurement points around Tempelhofer Feld, Hasenheide and Kreuzberg. The mesurements were carried out on a mobile-platform, using a cargo-bike. </p> <p>Information on working with geojson file can be found under <a href="https://geojson.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">GeoJSON</a> .</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/records/14046315/draft/files/Hasenheide_Crane_HUB.csv/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Hasenheide_Crane_HUB.csv</a> : The observed PM concentration and meteorology at 2 m, 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, and 20 m in Hasenheide. The measurments were carried out using a crane to move the instruments to different heights.</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/records/14046315/draft/files/Hasenheide_Crane_HUB.csv/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Hasenheide_Stationary_Meteorology_HUB.csv</a> and <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/records/14046315/draft/files/Hasenheide_Stationary_PM_HUB.csv/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Hasenheide_Stationary_PM_HUB.csv</a> contain the stationary and continuous, meteorology and PM measurement data collected in Berlin Hasenheide. The data was collected at 0.5m and 2m above ground level.</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/records/14046315/draft/files/Hasenheide_Crane_HUB.csv/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Tempelhof_Stationary_Meteorology_HUB.csv</a> and <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/records/14046315/draft/files/Hasenheide_Stationary_PM_HUB.csv/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Tempelhof_Stationary_PM_HUB.csv</a> contain the stationary and continuous, meteorology and PM measurement data collected in Berlin Hasenheide. The data was collected at 0.5m and 2m above ground level.</p> <p>Units: <br>PM : µg/m³<br>Air temperature: °C<br>Surface temperature: °C<br>Potential temperature: K<br>Relative humidity: %<br>Specific humidity: g Water vapour per kg dry air<br>Pressure: hPa<br>Solar radiation: W/m²<br>Wind speed: m/s<br>Wind direction: Degree</p> <p> </p> <p>The original article providing all necessary background information on study sites, methodology and data processing is the following: Venkatraman Jagatha, J., T. Sauter, C. Schneider (2024): Impact of night-time cold-air flow on particulate matter concentration at Tempelhofer Feld, Berlin, Germany. </p> <p>The article will be submitted to the journal "Die Erde", ISSN: 0013-9998. </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Lineage diversification of fringe-toed lizards (Phrynosomatidae: Uma notata complex) in the Colorado Desert: Delimiting species in the presence of gene flow
Multi-locus nuclear DNA data were used to delimit species of fringe-toed lizards of the Uma notata complex, which are specialized for living in wind-blown sand habitats in the deserts of southwestern North America, and to infer whether Quaternary glacial cycles or Tertiary geological events were important in shaping the historical biogeography of this group. We analyzed ten nuclear loci collected using Sanger sequencing and genome-wide sequence and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data collected using restriction-associated DNA (RAD) sequencing. A combination of species discovery methods (concatenated phylogenies, parametric and non-parametric clustering algorithms) and species validation approaches (coalescent-based species tree/isolation-with-migration models) were used to delimit species, infer phylogenetic relationships, and to estimate effective population sizes, migration rates, and speciation times. Uma notata, U. inornata, U. cowlesi, and an undescribed species from Mohawk Dunes, Arizona (U. sp.) were supported as distinct in the concatenated analyses and by clustering algorithms, and all operational taxonomic units were decisively supported as distinct species by ranking hierarchical nested speciation models with Bayes factors based on coalescent-based species tree methods. However, significant unidirectional gene flow (2NM >1) from U. cowlesi and U. notata into U. rufopunctata was detected under the isolation-with-migration model. Therefore, we conservatively delimit four species-level lineages within this complex (U. inornata, U. notata, U. cowlesi, and U. sp.), treating U. rufopunctata as a hybrid population (U. notata x cowlesi). Both concatenated and coalescent-based estimates of speciation times support the hypotheses that speciation within the complex occurred during the late Pleistocene, and that the geological evolution of the Colorado River delta during this period was an important process shaping the observed phylogeographic patterns.
Data from: Gene flow, divergent selection and resistance to introgression in two species of morning glories (Ipomoea)
Gene flow is thought to impede genetic divergence and speciation by homogenizing genomes. Recent theory and research suggests that strong enough divergent selection can overpower gene flow, leading to islands of divergence. However, there are alternative explanations for these patterns. Independent evidence that islands of divergence are due to divergent selection would allow these explanations to be distinguished, but such evidence is scarce. Here we present multiple lines of evidence that islands of divergence in a pair of sister morning glory species, Ipomoea cordatotriloba and I. lacunosa, are the outcome of divergent selection in the face of gene flow. We analyzed a SNP dataset across the genome to assess the amount of gene flow, resistance to introgression, and patterns of selection on genes resistant to introgression. We show that differentiation between the two species is much lower in sympatry than in allopatry, consistent with gene flow between the species in sympatry. In addition, highly differentiated SNPs were subject to divergent selection. Finally, despite gene flow in sympatry, SNPs that are highly differentiated in allopatry are resistant to homogenization in sympatry. Our investigation reveals the complex interplay between selection and gene flow that can occur during the early stages of speciation.
Data from: Linking beaver dam affected flow dynamics to upstream passage of Arctic grayling
Beaver reintroductions and beaver dam structures are an increasingly utilized ecological tool for rehabilitating degraded streams, yet beaver dams can potentially impact upstream fish migrations. We collected two years of data on Arctic grayling movement through a series of beaver dams in a low gradient mountain stream, utilizing radio-telemetry techniques, to determine how hydrology, dam characteristics, and fish attributes impeded passage and movement rates of spawning grayling. We compared fish movement between a "normal" flow year and a "low" flow year, determined grayling passage probabilities over dams in relation to a suite of factors, and predicted daily movement rates in relation to the number of dams each fish passed and distance between dams during upstream migration to spawning areas. We found that the average passage probability over unbreached beaver dams was 88%, though we found that it fell below 50% at specific dams. Upstream passage of grayling was affected by three main characteristics: 1) temperature 2) breach status and 3) hydrologic linkages that connect sections of stream above and below the dam. Other variables influence passage, but to a lesser degree. Cumulative passage varied with distance upstream and total number of dams passed in low versus normal flow years, while movement rates upstream slowed as fish swam closer to dams. Our findings demonstrate that upstream passage of fish over beaver dams is strongly correlated with hydrologic conditions with moderate controls by dam- and fish-level characteristics. Our results provide a framework that can be applied to reduce barrier effects when and where beaver dams pose a significant threat to the upstream migration of fish populations while maintaining the diverse ecological benefits of beaver activity when dams are not a threat to fish passage.
Microsatellite-based analysis of genetic structure and gene flow of Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China
<p>The oriental armyworm, <i>Mythimna separata</i>, is a serious agricultural pest in China. Seasonal and roundtrip migration has recently led to sudden, localized outbreaks and crop losses. To evaluate genetic differentiation between populations in eastern and western China and elucidate gene flow, the genetic structure of 20 natural populations from nine provinces was examined using seven microsatellite markers. The results indicated high genetic diversity. However, little to moderate (0 < <i>F</i><sub>ST</sub> < 0.15) genetic differentiation was detected, and there was no correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance. Bayesian clustering analysis identified three groups whereas discriminant analysis of principal components identified ten clusters that were considered as two clear‐cut clusters and one admixed group. Gene flow occurred frequently in most population pairs, and an asymmetrical migration rate was detected in several pairwise population comparisons. The bottleneck test showed that few populations had experienced recent bottlenecks. Correspondingly, large‐scale and long‐distance migration of <i>M. separata</i> has caused low genetic differentiation and frequent gene exchange. Our findings are important for studying genetic evolution and help to improve predictions of <i>M. separata</i> outbreaks in China.</p>
VAMONOS - Flow through bridges. Experimental data.
<p>This dataset contains the results from the experimental tests carried out at the hydraulics laboratory of the Civil Engineering School, at University of A Coruña (Spain), as part of the VAMONOS (Vertically-averaged models for non-hydrostatic flows) project (CTM2017-85171-C2-2-R). The aim of the project is the development of enhanced 2D river flow models including additional terms to account for non-hydrostatic pressure and mixed flow conditions around hydraulic structures.</p> <p>This data package includes experimental results on 4 bridge geometries that were tested in an open channel. The experimental facility consists of a 15 m flume with a square cross-section of 0.5 x 0.5 m. Water depths were measured with an automatic positioner on a grid of approximately 117 points. In whole, 32 experimental tests have been carried out under different flow conditions.</p> <p>This dataset is structured in the following pdf documents and folders:</p> <ul> <li>. This file summarizes all the experimental tests.</li> <li>. This file includes information about the experimental facilities, the test conditions and the uploaded files.</li> <li><em>.pdf</em>. This file includes a 3D representation of the water depths measured in each experimental test.</li> <li>This folder includes the raw data registered in the experimental tests.</li> <li><em>Matlab_files. </em>This folder contains three Matlab files (.m) that can be used to process the raw data, to plot the results and to generate a document with information about the test.</li> <li><em>Processed_data. </em>This folder contains, for each structure, a pdf with the structure geometry and a text file per test with the water surface elevations measured.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Those interested in experimental data for the calibration of numerical models or the analysis of empirical discharge rating curves, are suggested to work only with the data included in the folder <em>Processed_data</em></strong><em>.</em></p> <p>Further details on the experimental setup are given in the document <em>Data_package_description.pdf.</em></p>
Numerical simulation data of a two-dimensional flow around a fixed circular cylinder
<p>Numerical results of a two-dimensional flow past a fixed circular cylinder in the vortex shedding regime. The solver is Cadyf, an in-house fluid-structure interaction code using finite element method (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2008.11.032">doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2008.11.032</a>). The Reynolds number is Re = 100. The boundary conditions and numerical integration are described in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2021.252">doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2021.252</a>.</p> <p>The fixed_cylinder_atRe100 raw file contains the values of the flow velocity, pressure, and node coordinates at each time step. Tables of the results can be extracted using the file processing code in text_flow.py.</p> <p>The Re100_fixe00.reactions raw file contains the values of the total force and torque applied on the cylinder at each time step. Tables of the results can be extracted using the file processing code in reactions_process.py.</p>
Local climate adaptation and gene flow in the native range of two co-occurring fruit moths with contrasting invasiveness
<p><span class="fontstyle01"><span>Invasive species pose increasing threats to global biodiversity and ecosystems. While previous studies have characterized successful invaders from ecological traits, characteristics related to evolutionary processes have rarely been investigated. Here we compared gene flow and local adaptation using demographic analyses and outlier tests in two co-occurring moth pests across their common native range of China, one of which (the peach fruit moth, </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span><i>Carposina</i></span></span> <span class="fontstyle01"><span><i>sasakii</i></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>) has maintained its native distribution, while the other (the oriental fruit moth, </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span><i>Grapholita molesta</i></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>)</span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span> has expanded its range globally during the past century. We found that both species showed a pattern of genetic differentiation and an evolutionary history consistent with a common southwestern origin and northward expansion in their native range. However, for the noninvasive species, genetic differentiation was closely aligned with the environment, and there was a relatively low level of gene flow, whereas in the invasive species, genetic differentiation was associated with geography. Genome scans </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>indicated stronger patterns of climate-associated loci</span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span> in the noninvasive species. While s</span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>trong local adaptation and reduced gene flow across its native range may have decreased the invasiveness of </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span><i>C. sasakii</i></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>, this requires further validation with additional comparisons of invasive and non-invasive species across their native range.</span></span></p>
SNAPP Flow Impacts Literature Review Datasets
<p>Datasets created and used in the SNAPP Flow Impacts project (https://snappartnership.net/teams/water-flow-impact/)</p> <p>SNAPPFlowImpacts_agRangeDB_20210702.zip contains a SQLite database with the results of a systematic review of agricultural and rangeland BMP effects on water flows in these systems. Please see the included documentation regarding the status of quality control, as the database includes results from a somewhat broader literature search than could be fully quality controlled. </p> <p>SNAPPFlowImpacts_Forest_placeholder.xlsx is an excel spreadsheet containing the results of a "review of reviews" of the effects of forest management on water flows. The current version is a placeholder without the full set of citations, which will be updated in the near future.</p> <p>SNAPPFlowImpacts_Wetland_Final.xlsx is an excel spreadsheet containing the results of a "review of reviews" of the effects of wetland management on water flows, including both a summary sheet and details for each citation. </p> <p>SNAPP Flow Impacts Literature Review Datasets - metadata_02July2021.pdf contains metadata information for the database and the spreadsheet. It is also included in the .zip file for easy access.</p>
Data from: Widespread selection and gene flow shape the genomic landscape during a radiation of monkeyflowers
Speciation genomic studies aim to interpret patterns of genome-wide variation in light of the processes that give rise to new species. However, interpreting the genomic 'landscape' of speciation is difficult, because many evolutionary processes can impact levels of variation. Facilitated by the first chromosome-level assembly for the group, we use whole-genome sequencing and simulations to shed light on the processes that have shaped the genomic landscape during a radiation of monkeyflowers. After inferring the phylogenetic relationships among the nine taxa in this radiation, we show that highly similar diversity (π) and differentiation (FST) landscapes have emerged across the group. Variation in these landscapes was strongly predicted by the local density of functional elements and the recombination rate, suggesting that the landscapes have been shaped by widespread natural selection. Using the varying divergence times between pairs of taxa, we show that the correlations between FST and genome features arose almost immediately after a population split and have become stronger over time. Simulations of genomic landscape evolution suggest that background selection (i.e., selection against deleterious mutations) alone is too subtle to generate the observed patterns, but scenarios that involve positive selection and genetic incompatibilities are plausible alternative explanations. Finally, tests for introgression among these taxa reveal widespread evidence of heterogeneous selection against gene flow during this radiation. Combined with previous evidence for adaptation in this system, we conclude that the correlation in FST among these taxa informs us about the processes contributing to adaptation and speciation during a rapid radiation.
Data from: Genomic differentiation during speciation-with-gene-flow: comparing geographic and host-related variation in divergent life history adaptation in Rhagoletis pomonella
A major goal of evolutionary biology is to understand how variation within populations gets partitioned into differences between reproductively isolated species. Here, we examine the degree to which diapause life history timing, a critical adaptation promoting population divergence, explains geographic and host-related genetic variation in ancestral hawthorn and recently derived apple-infesting races of Rhagoletis pomonella. Our strategy involved combining experiments on two different aspects of diapause (initial diapause intensity and adult eclosion time) with a geographic survey of genomic variation across four sites where apple and hawthorn flies co-occur from north to south in the Midwestern USA. The results demonstrated that the majority of the genome showing significant geographic and host-related variation can be accounted for by initial diapause intensity and eclosion time. Local genomic differences between sympatric apple and hawthorn flies were subsumed within broader geographic clines; allele frequency differences within the races across the Midwest were 2 to 3-fold greater than those between the races in sympatry. As a result, sympatric apple and hawthorn populations displayed more limited genomic clustering compared to geographic populations within the races. The findings suggest that with reduced gene flow and increased selection on diapause equivalent to that seen between geographic sites, the host races may be recognized as different genotypic entities in sympatry, and perhaps species, a hypothesis requiring future genomic analysis of related sibling species to R. pomonella to test. Our findings concerning the way selection and geography interplay could be of broad significance for many cases of earlier stages of divergence-with-gene flow, including (1) where only modest increases in geographic isolation and the strength of selection may greatly impact genetic coupling and (2) the dynamics of how spatial and temporal standing variation is extracted by selection to generate differences between new and discrete units of biodiversity.
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T3.4 Young rocky pavements, lava flows and screes
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>T3.4 Young rocky pavements, lava flows and screes</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Response of flow and saltating particle characteristics to bed roughness and particle spatial density
<p>The data were used in the paper "Response of flow and saltating particle characteristics to bed roughness and particle spatial density" which was submitted to "<em>Water Resources Research</em>". In this paper, The numerical model combining LES method and point-particle method is applied for tracking particle trajectories. The effects of bed roughness and particle spatial density on the bedload transport are investigated by numerical simulations. The distributions of key parameters for saltation, including their changes, are assessed using the PDF curves. </p>
Data from: A test of genomic modularity among life-history adaptations promoting speciation with gene flow
Speciation with gene flow may require adaptive divergence of multiple traits to generate strong ecologically based reproductive isolation. Extensive negative pleiotropy or physical linkage of genes in the wrong phase affecting these diverging traits may therefore hinder speciation, while genetic independence or "modularity" among phenotypic traits may reduce constraints and facilitate divergence. Here, we test whether the genetics underlying two components of diapause life history, initial diapause intensity and diapause termination timing, constrain differentiation between sympatric hawthorn and apple-infesting host races of the fly Rhagoletis pomonella through analysis of 10,256 SNPs measured via genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Loci genetically associated with diapause termination timing were mainly observed for SNPs mapping to chromosomes 1–3 in the genome, most notably for SNPs displaying higher levels of linkage disequilibrium (LD), likely due to inversions. In contrast, selection on initial diapause intensity affected loci on all five major chromosomes of the genome, specifically those showing low levels of LD. This lack of overlap in genetically associated loci suggests that the two diapause phenotypes are largely modular. On chromosome 2, however, intermediate level LD loci and a subgroup of high LD loci displayed significant negative relationships between initial diapause intensity and diapause termination time. These gene regions on chromosome 2 therefore affected both traits, while most regions were largely independent. Moreover, loci associated with both measured traits also tended to exhibit highly divergent allele frequencies between the host races. Thus, the presence of nonoverlapping genetic modules likely facilitates simultaneous, adaptive divergence for the measured life-history components.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.