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13,276 results for “IT management”
FSC-certified forest management benefits large mammals compared to non-FSC
<p><strong>Data for:</strong> <br>Zwerts, J.A., Sterck, E.H.M., Verweij, P.A. <em>et al.</em> FSC-certified forest management benefits large mammals compared to non-FSC. <em>Nature</em> <strong>628</strong>, 563–568 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07257-8</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong><br>Over a quarter of the world's tropical forests are exploited for timber. This has extensive impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems, primarily through the creation of roads which facilitates hunting for wildlife over extensive areas. Forest management certification schemes such as the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) are expected to mitigate impacts on biodiversity but to date very little is known about the effectiveness of FSC certification due to research design challenges, predominantly due to limited sample sizes. Here we provide this evidence by using 1.3 million camera trap photos of 55 mammal species in 14 logging concessions in Western Equatorial Africa. We observed higher mammal encounter rates in FSC-certified than in non-FSC logging concessions. The effect was most pronounced for species weighing over 10 kg, and for species of high conservation priority such as the Critically Endangered forest elephant and western lowland gorilla. Across the whole mammal community, non-FSC concessions contained proportionally more rodents and other small species than FSC-certified concessions. Our findings provide convincing data that FSC-certified forest management is less damaging to the mammal community than non-FSC forest management. This study provides strong evidence that FSC-certified forest management, or equivalently stringent requirements and controlling mechanisms, should become the norm for timber extraction to avoid half-empty forests dominated by rodents and other small species. </p> <p><strong>Data collection</strong></p> <p>We set up arrays of camera traps from 2018 to 2021 in 14 logging concessions owned by 11 different companies (5 FSC and 6 non-FSC) in Gabon and the Republic of Congo. Seven FSC-certified concessions were each paired to the closest non-FSC concession that was similar in terms of terrain and forest type1. All concessions are situated in a matrix of connected forests. Within each pair of concessions, camera traps (Bushnell Trophy Cam HD for pairs 1 - 6 and Browning 2018 Spec Ops Advantage for pair 7) were deployed simultaneously to account for seasonal differences, for two to three months. There was one exception where Covid restrictions obliged the cameras to remain in place for longer. Camera trap grid locations within each pair of concessions were chosen based on similarity between potential drivers of mammal abundance, including distance to settlements, roads, rivers, protected areas, elevation and time since logging (2-10 years before our study), although some camera grids overlapped older logging blocks. Camera traps were set out in systematic, one-kilometre spaced grids with a random start point. Upon reaching the predetermined GPS locations, the first potential installation location was used where cameras had at least 4 metres of visibility. This ensured that each grid was representative of environmental heterogeneity: i.e. not specifically targeting nor ignoring trails or other landscape elements that could influence detection2. The one-kilometre inter-camera distance exceeds most species' home range sizes to avoid spatial autocorrelation. Neither were species expected to migrate within the sampling duration of the study. Between 28 to 36 cameras were deployed in each concession, totalling up to 474 camera traps, distributed over 474 km2. Cameras were installed at a height of 30 cm to enable observations of mammals of all sizes while ensuring that each camera had at least four metres visibility in front of it. Cameras were programmed to take bursts of three photos to maximize the chance of detection and to take a photo every 12 hours for correct calculation of active days in the event of a defect before the end of the deployment period. For each camera, we recorded whether there was an elephant path skidder trail, small wildlife trail, or none of the above within each camera's field of view. We also visually estimated forest visibility (0-10m / 11-20m / >20m), slope (0-5° / 5-20° / >20°), presence of fruiting trees within 30 m and presence of small water courses within 50 m. When approaching each predefined camera point, we counted cartridges, snares and hunting camps from 500 m before the camera up to its location. Various field teams were employed in different sites and hence there may be some influence interobserver bias of hunting observations between sites.</p> <p><strong>Photo processing and data analysis</strong></p> <p>Camera trap efforts yielded 1,278,853 photos, including 645,165 photos with animals. All photos were annotated in the program Wild.ID, version 1.0.1. We identified animals up to the species level if photo quality permitted and otherwise designated the species as 'indet'3. As reliable species identification of small mammals is difficult, they were grouped into squirrels, rats and mice and shrews. Rare observations of humans, birds, bats, reptiles and domestic dogs were excluded from the analyses.</p> <p>Observations of the same species that were at least 10 minutes apart were considered as separate detections. We assessed the influence of this threshold by calculating the number of detections for intervals of 10, 30, 60 and 1440 minutes, which all yielded similar numbers of observations. When multiple animals were observed, the number of individuals was determined by taking the highest number of individuals in a photo within the 10-minute threshold. Sampling effort was defined as the number of camera days minus down time due to malfunctioning cameras or obstruction of vision by vegetation. </p> <p>Mammal behaviour may be different in hunted concessions, as mammals may be shyer for non-natural objects like camera traps, which would in turn negatively affect their probability of detection. If this dynamic indeed existed, this shyness was assumed to fade over time with habituation to the materials, resulting in an increase of observations over time. We tested for an interaction between certification status and the number of observations over time using a linear model with a log transformed number of observations for the first 65 days of all deployments, as that was the shortest concession deployment period, ensuring that all concessions were equally represented, but did not find that FSC certification was related to a trend in observations over time. We recognize however that other factors may exist that may have influenced detection probability, such as movement rates, which may be affected by hunting.</p> <p>For each species for each concession, we calculated encounter rate, weighted by group size, as the number of observations divided by the sampling effort and we reported all findings using the metric "Observations / day". Encounter rate was calculated for all species combined, per weight class, per taxonomic group, per IUCN Red List category and within taxonomic groups for large versus small forest antelopes, carnivores, primates and pangolins. Body weight of each species was determined by taking the mean across sexes3. Taxonomic groups Hyracoidea and Tubulidentata were excluded from the taxonomic analysis due to low sample sizes. Shrews were included as rodents in the taxonomy analysis even though they are formally not, because they are difficult to distinguish from mice. We consider this acceptable given that shrews are functionally very similar to rodents in the light of this study. Lastly, to study the impact of certification on total estimated faunal biomass, the encounter rate of each species was multiplied by its average weight divided by the sampling effort.</p> <p>To assess whether encounter rates varied between FSC and non-FSC concessions, we quantified the means of the paired concessions using linear mixed-effects models with concession pairs, concessions and cameras as random effects, whereby cameras were nested within concessions within concession pairs, in a multi-level random effect structure. We allowed the means of concession pairs to vary between weight class, taxonomic group and IUCN Red List category if supported by model selection. We tested whether potential drivers of mammal abundance were important using a model-selection approach based on minimization of Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) values. We found that the inclusion of geographic covariates did not substantially improve the model for weight classes, taxonomic groups and IUCN categories. Only for all mammals pooled together , the inclusion of elevation and distance to rivers resulted in slightly improved models, but differences were negligible and did not support strong evidence for a significant influence of these covariates4. Quadratic geographic covariate terms and camera trap site covariates did not result in better models. Post hoc comparisons were multivariate t adjusted. We used two-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for all other analyses. Statistical analyses were performed in R version 4.2.2.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ol> <li>Grantham, H. S. <em>et al.</em> Spatial priorities for conserving the most intact biodiverse forests within Central Africa. <em>Environmental Research Letters</em> <strong>15</strong>, 0940b5 (2020).</li> <li>Zwerts, J. A. <em>et al.</em> Methods for wildlife monitoring in tropical forests: Comparing human observations, camera traps, and passive acoustic sensors. <em>Conserv Sci Pract</em> <strong>3</strong>, e568 (2021).</li> <li>Kingdon, J. <em>The Kingdon field guide to African mammals</em>. (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015).</li> <li>Anderson, D. R. <em>Model based inference in the life sciences: a primer on evidence</em>. vol. 31 (Springer, 2008).</li> </ol> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Black American women's attitudes toward seeking mental health services and use of mobile technology to support the management of anxiety
<p><strong>Objective</strong>: This study aimed to understand Black American women's attitudes toward seeking mental health services and using mobile technology to receive support for managing anxiety.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: A self-administered web-based questionnaire was launched in October 2019 and closed in January 2020. Women who identify as Black/African American were eligible to participate. The survey consisted of approximately 70 questions and covered topics such as attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help, acceptability of using a mobile phone to receive mental health care, and screening for anxiety.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: The findings of the study (N=395) showed that younger Black women were more likely to have greater severity of anxiety than their older counterparts. Respondents were most comfortable with the use of a voice call or video call to communicate with a professional to receive support to manage anxiety in comparison to text messaging or mobile app. Younger age, higher income, and greater scores for psychological openness and help-seeking propensity increased the odds of indicating agreement with using mobile technology to communicate with a professional. Black women in the South region of the U.S. had twice the odds of agreeing to the use of mobile apps than women in the Midwest and Northeast regions.</p> <p><strong>Discussion</strong>: Black American women, in general, have favorable views toward the use of mobile technology to receive support to manage anxiety.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Preferences and cultural appropriateness of resources should be assessed on an individual basis to increase the likelihood of adoption of and engagement with digital mental health interventions for management of anxiety. </p>
Figure 19 in INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN CONILON COFFEE
Figure 19. Damage caused by C. cephalonica.
Figure 17 in INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN CONILON COFFEE
Figure 17. Coffee bean weevil, Araecerus fasciculatus.
Figure 16 in INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN CONILON COFFEE
Figure 16. Coffee tree branches attacked by the black twig borer.
Figure 15 in INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN CONILON COFFEE
Figure 15. Adult stem borer of the coffee tree.
Figure 18. C in INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN CONILON COFFEE
Figure 18. C. cephalonica caterpillar.
Figure 10 in INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN CONILON COFFEE
Figure 10. Imperial Moth Caterpillar, Eacles imperialis magnifica species.
Figure 5 in INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN CONILON COFFEE
Figure 5. Adult coffee berry borer beheaded by the Ivory Coast Wasp.
Figure 14 in INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN CONILON COFFEE
Figure 14. Coffee tree leaves with the broad mite attack symptoms.
Figure 2 in INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN CONILON COFFEE
Figure 2. Coffee beans damaged by coffee berry borer at different maturation stages.
Figure 8 in INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN CONILON COFFEE
Figure 8. Coffee scale root, Dysmicoccus texensis.
A dataset of community perspectives on living conditions and disaster risk management in informal settlements: A case study in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa
<p>This article describes a dataset of community perspectives on living conditions and disaster risk management in Khan Road, a non-serviced informal settlement, located in Pietermaritzburg, the capital of KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa. The data were collected by local community researchers via a structured questionnaire of 159 participants conducted between August and September 2022, using mobile phones via KoboToolbox. The dataset was analysed using exploratory data analysis (EDA) techniques. This household survey is part of a research project aiming to develop an evidence base of opportunities, risks and vulnerabilities related to housing construction and resource management in incremental upgrading of informal settlements in South Africa. This dataset can be used by local practitioners and policymakers involved in decision-making for informal settlement upgrading and help them prioritise resources and upgrading interventions based on what informal dwellers need. Furthermore, this cleaned dataset could support the analysis of further South African data guiding the development of digital platforms as a real-time resource management tool or guide the enhancement of existing theoretical frameworks in the field of participatory design and co-production used by academic scholars. </p>
Energy management strategies for ectothermic vertebrates: temperature and heart rate as independent proxies
<p>Filtered data used for analysis of energy management strategies in three different species. R script provides an example of the across- and within-individual analysis. </p>
The umbrella value of caribou management strategies for biodiversity conservation in boreal forests under global change
<p><span>Single-species conservation management is often proposed to preserve biodiversity in human-disturbed landscapes. How global change will impact the umbrella value of single-species management strategies remains an open question of critical conservation importance. We assessed the effectiveness of threatened boreal caribou as an umbrella for bird and beetle conservation under global change. We combined mechanistic, spatially explicit models of forest dynamics and predator-prey interactions to forecast the impact of management strategies on the survival of boreal caribou in boreal forest. We then used predictive models of species occupancy to characterize concurrent impacts on bird and beetle diversity. Landscapes were simulated based on three scenarios of climate change and four of forest management. We found that strategies that best mitigate human impact on boreal caribou were an effective umbrella for maintaining bird and beetle assemblages. While we detected a stronger effect of land-use change compared to climate change, the umbrella value of management strategies for caribou habitat conservation were still impacted by the severity of climate change. Our results showed an interplay among changes in forest attributes, boreal caribou mortality, as well as bird and beetle species assemblages. The conservation status of some species mandates the development of recovery strategies, highlighting the importance of our study which shows that single-species conservation can have important umbrella benefits despite global change.</span></p>
Research Data Management Workflow
<p>This diagram illustrates essential ideas and useful tools during the RDM cycle.</p>
Data from: Quantifying the impacts of management and herbicide resistance on regional plant population dynamics in the face of missing data
<p>A key challenge in the management of populations is to quantify the impact of interven-tions in the face of environmental and phenotypic variability. However, accurate estima-tion of the effects of management and environment, in large-scale ecological research is often limited by the expense of data collection, the inherent trade-off between quality and quantity, and missing data.</p> <p>In this paper we develop a novel modelling framework, and demographically informed imputation scheme, to comprehensively account for the uncertainty generated by miss-ing population, management, and herbicide resistance data. Using this framework and a large dataset (178 sites over 3 years) on the densities of a destructive arable weed (Alo-pecurus myosuroides) we investigate the effects of environment, management, and evolved herbicide resistance, on weed population dynamics.</p> <p>In this study we quantify the marginal effects of a suite of common management prac-tices, including cropping, cultivation, and herbicide pressure, and evolved herbicide re-sistance, on weed population dynamics.</p> <p>Using this framework, we provide the first empirically backed demonstration that herbi-cide resistance is a key driver of population dynamics in arable weeds at regional scales. Whilst cultivation type had minimal impact on weed density, crop rotation, and earlier cultivation and drill dates consistently reduced infestation severity.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: As we demonstrate that high herbicide resistance levels can produce extremely severe weed infestations, monitoring of herbicide resistance is a pri-ority for famers across western Europe. Furthermore, developing non chemical control methods is essential to control current weed populations, and prevent further resistance evolution. We recommend that planning interventions that center on crop rotation and incorporate spring sewing and cultivation to provide the best reductions in weed densi-ties. More generally, by directly accounting for missing data our framework permits the analysis of management practices with data that would otherwise be severely compro-mised.</p>
Interacting impacts of hydrological changes and air temperature warming on lake temperatures highlight the potential for adaptive management: Model output
<p>This archive includes the output from the General Ocean Turbulence Model for a series of simulations that used differing model drivers (inflow discharge, Q, and air temperature, T). The Experiment_output.zip contains text files generated from the GOTM workflow containing modelled water temperatures and the Mod_z.txt are the corresponding depths for these temperatures. </p><p>The file name corresponds to the change made to the driving data from baseline (unchanged conditions), a combination of air temperature <i>increase </i>and flow percentage change e.g. Mod_temp_T_2_Q_1.5 refers to an air temperature increase of 2 degrees Celsius and a flow increase of 50% and a Mod_temp_T_3.5_Q_0.7 refers to an air temperature increase of 3.5 degrees Celsius and a flow decrease of 30%.</p>
Code to reproduce Figures in "Adapting to Disruptions: Managing Supply Chain Resilience through Product Rerouting"
<p>This repository contains the code and data to reproduce the results of the paper:<em> "Adapting to Disruptions: Managing Supply Chain Resilience through Product Rerouting" </em>in<em> Science Advances</em>, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adj1194</p> <ul> <li>The `code/` directory contains the scripts used for the analysis and generating figures in the paper:</li> <li>The `data/` directory contains the data to create the plots</li> </ul> <p>The original data was obtained from <a href="https://www.slcg.com/opioid-data" target="_new">https://www.slcg.com/opioid-data</a>, which publicly distributes the Automation of Reports and Consolidated Orders System (ARCOS) dataset.</p>
Fault Detection and Inventory Management in Manufacturing with Plastic Bricks: A Dataset
<p><strong>Dataset for Smart Manufacturing</strong></p> <p>The dataset contains images of plastic bricks showcasing various colors, shapes, and minor surface damages, designed to represent the use-cases of quality classification and inventory management in manufacturing. The use cases are separated and include 3 categories for quality classification and 24 categories for inventory classification. The data is analyzed in the publication titled "Demonstrating Computer Vision to Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises in Manufacturing: Towards Overcoming Costs and Implementation Challenges". The associated research explores the development of a simple computer vision demonstrator and its demonstration to small- and medium-sized enterprises. </p> <p><strong>Structure of Files</strong></p> <blockquote> <p>quality_classification (224 images)</p> <p> defect</p> <p> defect_free</p> <p> empty</p> <p>inventory_classification (2732 images)</p> <p> beige_large</p> <p> beige_small</p> <p> blue_bright_large</p> <p> 21 further categories (colour_shape)</p> </blockquote>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.