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2,474 results for “Northeast”
Data from: Feeding ecology of Northeast Atlantic mackerel, Norwegian spring-spawning herring and blue whiting in the Norwegian Sea
The Norwegian spring-spawning (NSS) herring (Clupea harengus), blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) and Northeast Atlantic (NEA) mackerel (Scomber scombrus) are extremely abundant pelagic planktivores that feed in the Norwegian Sea (NS) during spring and summer. This study investigated the feeding ecology and diet composition of these commercially important fish stocks on the basis of biological data, including an extensive set of stomach samples in combination with hydrographical data, zooplankton samples and acoustic abundance data from 12 stock monitoring surveys carried out in 2005-2010. Mackerel were absent during the spring, but had generally high feeding overlap with herring in the summer, with a diet mainly based on calanoid copepods, especially Calanus finmarchicus, as well as a similar diet width. Stomach fullness in herring diminished from spring to summer and feeding incidence was lower than that of mackerel in summer. However, stomach fullness did not differ between the two species, indicating that herring maintain an equally efficient pattern of feeding as mackerel in summer, but on a diet that is less dominated by copepods and is more reliant on larger prey. Blue whiting tended to have a low dietary overlap with mackerel and herring, with larger prey such as euphausiids and amphipods dominating, and stomach fullness and feeding incidence increasing with length. For all the species feeding incidence increased with decreasing temperature, and for mackerel so did stomach fullness, indicating that feeding activity is highest in areas associated with colder water masses. Significant annual effects on diet composition and feeding-related variables suggested that the three species are able to adapt to different food and environmental conditions. These annual effects are likely to have an important impact on the predation pressure on different plankton groups and the carrying capacity of individual systems, and emphasise the importance of regular monitoring of pelagic fish diets.
Data from: Habitat risk assessment for regional ocean planning in the U.S. Northeast and Mid-Atlantic
Coastal habitats provide important benefits to people, including habitat for species targeted by fisheries and opportunities for tourism and recreation. Yet, such human activities also can imperil these habitats and undermine the ecosystem services they provide to people. Cumulative risk assessment provides an analytical framework for synthesizing the influence of multiple stressors across habitats and decision-support for balancing human uses and ecosystem health. To explore cumulative risk to habitats in the U.S. Northeast and Mid-Atlantic Ocean Planning regions, we apply the open-source InVEST Habitat Risk Assessment model to 13 habitats and 31 stressors in an exposure-consequence framework. In doing so, we advance the science priorities of EBM and both regional planning bodies by synthesizing the wealth of available data to improve our understanding of human uses and how they affect marine resources. We find that risk to ecosystems is greatest first, along the coast, where a large number of stressors occur in close proximity and secondly, along the continental shelf, where fewer, higher consequence activities occur. Habitats at greatest risk include soft and hard-bottom nearshore areas, tidal flats, soft-bottom shelf habitat, and rocky intertidal zones—with the degree of risk varying spatially. Across all habitats, our results indicate that rising sea surface temperatures, commercial fishing, and shipping consistently and disproportionally contribute to risk. Further, our findings suggest that management in the nearshore will require simultaneously addressing the temporal and spatial overlap as well as intensity of multiple human activities and that management in the offshore requires more targeted efforts to reduce exposure from specific threats. We offer a transparent, generalizable approach to evaluating cumulative risk to multiple habitats and illustrate the spatially heterogeneous nature of impacts along the eastern Atlantic coast and the importance of spatial scale in estimating such impacts. These results offer a valuable decision-support tool by helping to constrain the decision space, focus attention on habitats and locations at the greatest risk, and highlight effect management strategies.
Data from: Seascape drivers of Macrocystis pyrifera population genetic structure in the northeast Pacific
At small spatial and temporal scales, genetic differentiation is largely controlled by constraints on gene flow, while genetic diversity across a species' distribution is shaped on longer temporal and spatial scales. We assess the hypothesis that oceanographic transport and other seascape features explain different scales of genetic structure of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera. We followed a hierarchical approach to perform a microsatellite-based analysis of genetic differentiation in Macrocystis across its distribution in the northeast Pacific. We used seascape genetic approaches to identify large-scale biogeographic population clusters and investigate whether they could be explained by oceanographic transport and other environmental drivers. We then modelled population genetic differentiation within clusters as a function of oceanographic transport and other environmental factors. Five geographic clusters were identified: Alaska/Canada, central California, continental Santa Barbara, California Channel Islands and mainland southern California/Baja California peninsula. The strongest break occurred between central and southern California, with mainland Santa Barbara sites forming a transition zone between the two. Breaks between clusters corresponded approximately to previously identified biogeographic breaks, but were not solely explained by oceanographic transport. An isolation-by-environment (IBE) pattern was observed where the northern and southern Channel Islands clustered together, but not with closer mainland sites, despite the greater distance between them. The strongest environmental association with this IBE pattern was observed with light extinction coefficient, which extends suitable habitat to deeper areas. Within clusters, we found support for previous results showing that oceanographic connectivity plays an important role in the population genetic structure of Macrocystis in the Northern hemisphere.
Data from: Northeast African genomic variation shaped by the continuity of indigenous groups and Eurasian migrations
Northeast Africa has a long history of human habitation, with fossil-finds from the earliest anatomically modern humans, and housing ancient civilizations. The region is also the gate-way out of Africa, as well as a portal for migration into Africa from Eurasia via the Middle East and the Arabian Peninsula. We investigate the population history of northeast Africa by genotyping ~3.9 million SNPs in 221 individuals from 18 populations sampled in Sudan and South Sudan and combine this data with published genome-wide data from surrounding areas. We find a strong genetic divide between the populations from the northeastern parts of the region (Nubians, central Arab populations, and the Beja) and populations towards the west and south (Nilotes, Darfur and Kordofan populations). This differentiation is mainly caused by a large Eurasian ancestry component of the northeast populations likely driven by migration of Middle Eastern groups followed by admixture that affected the local populations in a north-to-south succession of events. Genetic evidence points to an early admixture event in the Nubians, concurrent with historical contact between North Sudanese and Arab groups. We estimate the admixture in current-day Sudanese Arab populations to about 700 years ago, coinciding with the fall of Dongola in 1315/1316 AD, a wave of admixture that reached the Darfurian/Kordofanian populations some 400-200 years ago. In contrast to the northeastern populations, the current-day Nilotic populations from the south of the region display little or no admixture from Eurasian groups indicating long-term isolation and population continuity in these areas of northeast Africa.
Data from: Ecophysiological limits to aerobic metabolism in hypoxia determine epibenthic distributions and energy sequestration in the northeast Pacific ocean
Expansion of oxygen deficient waters (hypoxia) in the northeast Pacific Ocean (NEP) will have marked impacts on marine life. The response of the resident communities will be a function of their ecophysiological constraints in low oxygen, although this remains untested in the NEP due to a lack of integrative studies. Here, we combine in situ surveys and lab-based respirometry experiments were conducted on three indicator species (spot prawn Pandalus platyceros, slender sole Lyopsetta exilis, squat lobster Munida quadrispina) of seasonally hypoxic systems in the NEP to test if metabolic constraints determine distributions and energy sequestration in a hypoxic setting. These experiments were integrated with a global review of critical oxygen levels ( math formula; lower threshold of aerobic metabolism) for crustaceans to determine if math formula-based hypoxia thresholds are different among ocean basins. Our results show that species-specific differences in math formula and standard metabolic rates (1) determine the lowest environmental oxygen ([O2]env) at which in situ populations occur, (2) result in disproportionate shifts in distributions among co-occurring species during summer hypoxia expansion events, and (3) characterize shifts in megafaunal community respiration rates due to marked spatio-temporal variability in [O2]env. Our results show that math formula-based hypoxia thresholds are significantly lower in the East Pacific Ocean relative to other major ocean basins, which suggests that the physiological response of local fauna to deoxygenation can be determined by the natural variability and oxygen exposure in a region. In order to establish realistic predictions on the biological consequences of marine deoxygenation, we suggest integrating metabolism-based traits to calculate hypoxia thresholds for marine ecosystems.
FIGURES 1517. Turbonilla aquilonaria n in Five new species of Turbonilla Risso, 1826 (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia, Pyramidellidae) found off the northeast coast of Brazil º 13 º
FIGURES 1517. Turbonilla aquilonaria n. sp. holotype (UFPE 4443). 15: whole shell, length 4.7 mm; 16: base detail; 17: protoconch detail. Scale bar = 500 µm
FIGURES 17. 13. Turbonilla virgulinoi n in Five new species of Turbonilla Risso, 1826 (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia, Pyramidellidae) found off the northeast coast of Brazil º 13 º
FIGURES 17. 13. Turbonilla virgulinoi n. sp., holotype (MNRJ 9823). 1: whole shell, length 1.8 mm; 2: base detail; 3: protoconch detail. Scale bar = 100 µm. 47. Turbonilla megascymna n. sp., holotype (IBUFRJ 12703). 4: whole shell, length 2.3 mm; 5: protoconch detail; 6: base detail; 7: spiral microsculpture. Scale bar = 100 µm.
FIGURES 814. 810. Turbonilla kamayura n in Five new species of Turbonilla Risso, 1826 (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia, Pyramidellidae) found off the northeast coast of Brazil º 13 º
FIGURES 814. 810. Turbonilla kamayura n. sp., holotype (IBUFRJ 12701). 8: whole shell, length 4.0 mm; 9: base detail; 10: protoconch detail. Scale bar = 100 µm. 1114. Turbonilla mermeroglaphyra n. sp., holotype (MNRJ 9825). 11: whole shell, length 2.4 mm; 13: base detail; 14: protoconch detail; 12: paratype (IBUFRJ 12704), whole shell, length 2.8 mm. Scale bar = 100 µm.
FIGURE 18. Synanarthrura celtica. Nonovigerous female A in Tanaidacea (Crustacea) of the Northeast Atlantic: nonfiliform species of Anarthruridae Lang from the Atlantic Margin
FIGURE 18. Synanarthrura celtica. Nonovigerous female A, chela; B, maxilliped and palp article4; C, pereopod1; D, pereopod2; E, pereopod4, with enlargement of a complex seta; F, pereopod6, with enlargement of a complex seta; G, pleopod; H, uropod.
FIGURE 17. Synanarthrura celtica. Nonovigerous female A in Tanaidacea (Crustacea) of the Northeast Atlantic: nonfiliform species of Anarthruridae Lang from the Atlantic Margin
FIGURE 17. Synanarthrura celtica. Nonovigerous female A, dorsal; B, pleotelson; C, antennule; D, antenna; E–F, labrum and mandibles, lateral and ventral view respectively; G, labium; H, maxillule endite, distal; J, Epignath; K, cheliped. Scale bar 1mm (A).
FIGURE 16. Anisopechys crinitus. Nonovigerous female A in Tanaidacea (Crustacea) of the Northeast Atlantic: nonfiliform species of Anarthruridae Lang from the Atlantic Margin
FIGURE 16. Anisopechys crinitus. Nonovigerous female A, maxilliped; B, left chela, anterior view; C, pereopod1; D, pereopod2; E, pereopod4; F, pereopod6; G, pleopod; H, uropod; J, mancaII. Scale bar 1mm (J).
FIGURE 15. Anisopechys crinitus. Nonovigerous female A in Tanaidacea (Crustacea) of the Northeast Atlantic: nonfiliform species of Anarthruridae Lang from the Atlantic Margin
FIGURE 15. Anisopechys crinitus. Nonovigerous female A, dorsal; B, pleon, lateral view; C, pleotelson; D, antennule; E, antenna; F–G, labrum, lateral and dorsal views; H, mandible; J, maxillule endite, distal; K, cheliped. Scale bar 1mm (A).
FIGURE 14. Anarthrurella clairae. Nonovigerous female A–F, pereopods 1–6 in Tanaidacea (Crustacea) of the Northeast Atlantic: nonfiliform species of Anarthruridae Lang from the Atlantic Margin
FIGURE 14. Anarthrurella clairae. Nonovigerous female A–F, pereopods 1–6 respectively; G, uropod. Scale bar 0.14 mm (A–G).
FIGURE 12. Thorkelius glacialis. Preparatory male A in Tanaidacea (Crustacea) of the Northeast Atlantic: nonfiliform species of Anarthruridae Lang from the Atlantic Margin
FIGURE 12. Thorkelius glacialis. Preparatory male A, maxilliped palp; B, maxilliped endite; C, cheliped fixed finger, detail; D, anterior setae of cheliped propodus; E–G, pereopods 1–3 respectively; H–K, pereopods 4–6 respectively, with enlargements of complex spiniform setae; L, pleopod; nonovigerous female M, uropod. Scale bar 0.67 mm(E–L), 0.5 mm (M), 0.33 mm (A–D).
FIGURE 11. Thorkelius glacialis. Nonovigerous female A in Tanaidacea (Crustacea) of the Northeast Atlantic: nonfiliform species of Anarthruridae Lang from the Atlantic Margin
FIGURE 11. Thorkelius glacialis. Nonovigerous female A, dorsal; B, pleotelson; preparatory male C, antennule, lateral view, setae omitted; D, antenna; E, labrum, ventral view; F–G mandibles; H, maxillule and maxilla; J, epignath; nonovigerous female K, cheliped. Scale bar 2 mm (A), 1mm (B), 0.67 mm (C–D,K), 0.33 mm (E–J).
FIGURE 10. Thorkelius latiremis. MancaII A in Tanaidacea (Crustacea) of the Northeast Atlantic: nonfiliform species of Anarthruridae Lang from the Atlantic Margin
FIGURE 10. Thorkelius latiremis. MancaII A, dorsal; B, posterior abdomen, lateral; mancaIII C, dorsal; D, posterior abdomen, lateral; preparatory male E, dorsal; F, antennule; G, pleopod. Scale bar 1mm (A–E), 0.27 mm (F–G).
FIGURE 9. Thorkelius latiremis. Nonovigerous female A in Tanaidacea (Crustacea) of the Northeast Atlantic: nonfiliform species of Anarthruridae Lang from the Atlantic Margin
FIGURE 9. Thorkelius latiremis. Nonovigerous female A, maxilliped; B, anterior of cheliped propodus and dactylus; C–H, pereopods 1–6 respectively; J, pleopod; K, uropod. Scale bar 0.27 mm (A–K).
FIGURE 7. Ithyomus conopygus. Nonovigerous female A in Tanaidacea (Crustacea) of the Northeast Atlantic: nonfiliform species of Anarthruridae Lang from the Atlantic Margin
FIGURE 7. Ithyomus conopygus. Nonovigerous female A, cheliped; B, detail of fixed finger; C, chela, anterior view; D–J, pereopods 1–6 respectively; K, pleopod. Scale bar 0.25 mm (A–K).
FIGURE 8. Thorkelius latiremis. Nonovigerous female A in Tanaidacea (Crustacea) of the Northeast Atlantic: nonfiliform species of Anarthruridae Lang from the Atlantic Margin
FIGURE 8. Thorkelius latiremis. Nonovigerous female A, dorsal view; B, pleon, lateral view; C, antennule; D, antenna; E, labrum, ventral view; F–G, mandibles; H, maxillule; J, maxilla; K, cheliped. Scale bar 1mm (A–B), 0.27 mm (C–D,K), 0.2 mm (E–J).
FIGURE 2. Anarthrura simplex. Nonovigerous female A–F pereopods 1–6 in Tanaidacea (Crustacea) of the Northeast Atlantic: nonfiliform species of Anarthruridae Lang from the Atlantic Margin
FIGURE 2. Anarthrura simplex. Nonovigerous female A–F pereopods 1–6 respectively; G, uropod; preparatory male H, dorsal view; J, antennule; K, pleopod (some setae omitted for clarity, all finely plumose). Scale bar 1mm (H), 0.37 mm (J), 0.31 mm (A–F), 0.28 mm (G,K).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.