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4,356 results for “RED”
Evaluating how management policies affect red wolf mortality and disappearance (1987-2020)
<p>We analyzed data acquired from the USFWS Red Wolf Recovery Program (hereafter 'Recovery Program') on radio-marked (hereafter collared), monitored red wolves (i.e., within the NC recovery area). The Recovery Program data include the monitoring history for all collared and monitored adult red wolves released to the wild since the beginning of releases in 1987 to March 1, 2020; n=526. The Recovery Program survival dataset contains the following individual covariates employed in our analyses: endpoint (i.e., final wolf fate by cause of death or disappearance [lost-to-follow-up, LTF]), capture date (beginning of monitoring), and date of endpoint (end of monitoring). The dataset also provided data on sex and other individual covariates not used for our study and hence not described. For recovered wolf carcasses, cause of death was estimated by USFWS using standard methods following necropsy and radiography. Agency removal occurred when a red wolf was captured and removed permanently (lethally or not) from the NC population, generally because the wolf was considered a problem animal by USFWS but also some wolves were removed to supplement other wild populations (n=5). The LTF endpoint occurred when a wolf in the wild disappeared from monitoring because the affixed radio-collar stopped functioning due to either mechanical/battery failure or tampering/destruction by external causes including humans.</p> <p>We reclassified the marked animals' fates obtained from the Recovery Program survival data into the following mutually-exclusive endpoints, following previous studies: agency removals (lethal or not, by agency personnel; n=40, 7.6%), collision (trauma by vehicle(s); n=68, 12.9%), reported poached (n=150, 28.5%), nonhuman (unrelated to humans; e.g., disease, intraspecific strife, n=66, 12.5%), and unknown (unable to discern cause of death in necropsy; n=82, 15.6%). We include LTF (disappeared individuals; n=117, 22.2%) as one of multiple mutually-exclusive endpoints.</p> <p>We estimated the time between collaring (capture date) and endpoint in days (t) for each red wolf (n=526) in our dataset. We calculated time collared (t) differently for surviving, dead, removed to captivity and LTF endpoints, following previous studies. For our mortality endpoints, we estimated t for wolves monitored by telemetry until death. For wolves relocated to captivity, we used the date of final removal to captivity by agency action. For LTF wolves, we used the last date of telemetry contact. We censored any wolves who were alive at the end of our study period (March 1, 2020, n=3 wolves).</p> <p>In our study, we exploit the complementarity of both models: our joint stratified Cox model allowed us to test the hypothesis that our management covariates affected the rate of occurrence (i.e., hazard) of specific endpoints, and endpoint-specific FG models allowed us to test if and how much these same covariates affected the probability and incidence of said endpoints.</p>
Ontogeny of risk assessment and escape-hatching performance by red-eyed treefrog embryos in two threat contexts
<p><span>Arboreal embryos of red-eyed treefrogs,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><em>Agalychnis callidryas</em><span>, hatch prematurely in response to hypoxia when flooded and mechanosensory cues (MC) in snake attacks, but hatching later improves tadpole survival. We studied ontogenetic changes in risk assessment and hatching performance of embryos in response to flooding and physical disturbance. We hypothesized that risk assessment decreases as hatchling survival improves and hatching performance increases as embryos develop. Because snakes eat faster than embryos asphyxiate, we hypothesized that embryos decide to hatch sooner and hatch faster in response to MC. We video-recorded individual embryos hatching in response to each cue type, then compared the incidence and timing of a series of events and behaviors from cue onset to complete hatching across ages and stimuli. Latency from cue to hatching decreased developmentally in both contexts and was shorter with MC, but the elements contributing to those changes differed.</span><em> </em><span>Hypoxia-assessment involved position changes, which decreased developmentally along with assessment time. MC-assessment<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span>occurred more rapidly, without movement, and decreased</span><span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>with age. The first stages of hatching, membrane rupture and head emergence, were surprisingly age-independent but faster with MC, congruent with greater effort under more immediate risk. In contrast, body emergence and compression showed ontogenetic improvement consistent with morphological constraints but no cue effect. Both appropriate timing and effective performance of hatching are necessary for continued development. Different stages of the process vary with development and environmental context, suggesting combinations of adaptive context- and stage-dependent behavior, cue-related constraints on information acquisition, and ontogenetic constraints on elements of performance. </span></p>
Molecular tracking and prevalence of the red colour morph restricted to a harvested leopard population in South Africa
<p>The red leopard (<em>Panthera pardus</em>) colour morph is a colour variant that occurs only in South Africa, where it is confined to the Central Bushveld bioregion. Red leopards have been spreading over the past 40 years, which raises the speculation that the prevalence of this phenotype is related to low dispersal of young individuals owing to high off-take in the region. Intensive selective hunting tends to remove large resident males from the breeding population, which gives young males the chance to mate with resident females that are more likely to be their relatives, eventually increasing the frequency of rare genetic variants. To investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying the red coat colour morph in leopards, and whether its prevalence in South Africa relates to an increase in genetic relatedness in the population, we sequenced exons of six colour coat associated genes and 20 microsatellite loci in twenty wild-type and four red leopards. The results were combined with demographic data available from our study sites. We found that red leopards own a haplotype in homozygosity identified by one non-synonymous SNP and a 1 bp deletion that causes a frameshift in the Tyrosinase Related Protein 1 (TYRP1), a gene known to be involved in the biosynthesis of melanin. Microsatellite analyses indicate clear signs of a population bottleneck and a relatedness of 0.11 among all pairwise relationships, eventually supporting our hypothesis that a rare colour morph in the wild has increased its local frequency due to low natal dispersal. This was backed by a high human-induced mortality rate (40%).</p>
Type IIP Supernova Progenitors. III. Blue to Red Supergiant Ratio in Low-metallicity Models with Convective Overshoot (Dataset)
<p>MESA input and output files associated with the published journal article Wagle et al. (2020; doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab8bd5). We used MESA version r-10398 and MESA SDK version 20180822 to run these models.</p> <p>The "MESA_inputs.tar.gz" file contains work directories for initial mass of 13 solar mass and several overshoot parameter (f) values as listed in Table 2 of the published article. The models can be run directly from each working directory ("f_*") by making (./mk) and then running MESA (./rn), after instantiating MESA SDK. The run-script ("rn") is modified to start a MESA run from the pre-main-sequence (preMS) stage through core-collapse (CC) stage, if the LOGS and photos directories are absent. Otherwise, it restarts MESA from the latest "photo" binary file saved in the photos directory (that is, it assumes that the previous run was interrupted and restarts the run. So, to start a fresh run delete the "LOGS" and "photos" directories.) Each working directory has "run_star_extras.f" file which is modified to save the compactness parameters, mu_4, M_4 as extra history columns, as well as, to implement additional temporal resolution constraints as explained in section 2.2 of the article. Any other combination of mass and f-value from Table 2 of the article can be run by changing initial_mass in "inlist_control" file, and overshoot values in "inlist_f*" file.</p> <p>Each "*M_z0.006_f_*.tar.xz" file has a "LOGS" directory that contains corresponding "history.data", "profile.data" at core-collapse (CC) stage and saved model ("*.mod") at CC stage for each mass and f-value combination from Table 2 of the paper. (Note: Please copy the tar.xz files for each mass in a separate folder before decompressing them, in order to avoid overwriting the folders with the same f-values.) The LOGS directory also contains a folder "png_plots" that has saved ".png" files generated by "inlist_pgstar". These files can be used to generate stellar evolution movies using the "images_to_movie.sh" script available in the MESA SDK.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Multi-night territorial behavior, chorus attendance, and mating success in red-eyed treefrogs
<p>For many frog species that aggregate around ponds or streams, chorus attendance, the percentage of time or nights a given male is present and actively calling at an aggregation, is the strongest documented predictor of inter-male variation in reproductive success in the wild. Males are, thus, thought to compete via endurance rivalry, where available energetic reserves and individual physiology interact to determine chorus tenure. Frogs often exhibit territorial behavior within these aggregations, and territorial status is likely to influence a male's rate of energy expenditure. While males of several anuran species have been shown to hold territories across nights, it is not well understood whether such calling site fidelity is correlated with chorus attendance or mating success. Using subdermal RFID (PIT) tags, to minimize disturbance to chorus structure, we quantified site fidelity, chorus attendance, and mating success for all male red-eyed treefrogs (<em>Agalychnis callidryas</em>) within a breeding aggregation in Panama across 50 consecutive nights. We found that nearly half of these males held territories across nights, that this cross-night territorial behavior was highly correlated with chorus attendance, and that chorus attendance was, in turn, the strongest predictor of male mating success. Males were most faithful to calling sites containing vegetation contiguous with adjacent sites and were more likely to remain at a site if they were successful in acquiring a mate there on the previous night. To our knowledge, this is the first study linking male site fidelity to chorus attendance and mating success in anurans. While female mate choice is an established driver of lineage diversification and the evolution of sexual signals, agonistic interactions between males at breeding aggregations are well-documented from a wide range of anuran taxa. The relationship between male-male interactions and mating success deserves broader research attention among anuran species.</p>
African Red Slip Ware Digital (ARS3D) - Comparison Videos
<p>Characteristic of the North African bowls, plates, and jugs are their pictorial decorations applied mainly by appliqués and stamps. As mass-produced image carriers and everyday objects, the ARS spread throughout the empire.</p> <p>The range of motifs includes mythological scenes as well as scenes from the Old and New Testament, circus, arena and hunting scenes as well as fish and plant motifs. The appliqués-decorated pottery thus provides insights into Late Antique imagination and its changes, as well as into the economic history of the period between the 3rd and 5th centuries AD in North Africa.</p> <p>Previous documentation methods were not able to capture the objects and their decoration in an adequate way. The digital recording of the RGZM's collections by 3D scans allows to compare potentially identical appliqués and to assign them to their negative forms and the corresponding stamps.</p> <p>Whereas vessel curvature previously falsified the assignment of appliqués and models, 3D analysis and visualisation tools now allow a comparison . Metadata created for each object increases the effectiveness and accuracy of determining image context and content. Issues related to the production of the ARS and the process flows within the workshops can be investigated through the analysis of the 3D data.</p> <p>The developed ontology uses CIDOC CRM and various extensions. The data mainly consists of objects (E24), on which e.g. applications (features, E25) can be found. These objects can be described semantically, e.g. by the shape or time epoch. Features are described with observations, e.g. a human type man standing and wearing a beard. These observations lead to interpretations whose arguments can be observations.</p> <blockquote> <p>This repo contains exemplary cross-fade videos</p> <ul> <li>Part I: 83a33d18-660e-43b2-b0e2-2629e86f01fc.mp4 → 42129 woman and boy 40531 woman and boy</li> <li>Part II: 06fbcba6-50e3-4675-9469-49375c085be6.mp4 → 40534 human-horse hybrid 1 human-horse hybrid 2</li> <li>Part II: 682852d6-24c6-41f3-9eb1-774d723fc35f.mp4 → 40761 bear 1 bear 2</li> </ul> </blockquote>
Additional Data for "Shock cooling of a red-supergiant supernova at redshift 3 in lensed images"
<p><strong>The dataset includes additional data for the journal paper “Shock cooling of a red-supergiant supernova at redshift 3 in lensed images” by W. Chen et al., 2022. As described in the paper, these data include the MMT spectroscopic data, the HST coaddition and image differencing data, the GALFIT scripts and resulting models, the HST photometry of the SN host galaxy, the lens model, the SN light curve fitting script and resulting MCMC data, and plots of distributions of the model parameters and the best-fit light curves.</strong></p>
Caudales incorporados a EDAR a través de la Red de Colectores municipales
<p>Este conjunto de indicadores mide los parámetros de calidad del agua de entrada y salida a las depuradoras, además del consumo, rendimiento y producción de energía en las depuradoras.</p> <ul> <li><strong>OBJETIVO:</strong> Recoger todas las aguas residuales del municipio para su tratamiento en EDAR.</li> <li><strong>OBJETIVO SOBRE EL QUE INCIDE:</strong> Mejorar la calidad del agua, reducir su uso inadecuado e impulsar su estudio.</li> <li><strong>TENDENCIA DESEADA:</strong> Disminución</li> <li><strong>DEFINICIÓN MODO DE CÁLCULO:</strong> Volumen de aguas residuales que reciben tratamiento anualmente en las EDAR</li> <li><strong>SUBINDICADORES:</strong> <ul> <li>Parámetros de calidad del agua de entrada y salida a las depuradoras.</li> <li>Consumo y producción de energía en las depuradoras</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Unidad responsable o fuente: Ecociudad Zaragoza, S.A.U.; Ayuntamiento de Zaragoza</p>
Source data for: Nesting success of Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) in marshes in an anthropogenic landscape
<p>Recent analyses show significant population declines in many abundant avian species, especially marsh-nesting species including the Red-winged Blackbird (RWBL). Hypothesized causes include reduced nesting success resulting from changing land use patterns and exposure to contaminants. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that landscape and nest characteristics as well as exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) correlate with nesting success. From 2008-2014, we measured clutch size, egg and nestling mass, hatching and fledging success, and daily survival of 1293 RWBL nests from 32 marshes in the Hudson River valley of New York. Using generalized linear effect and survival models, we found that: (1) Julian date was negatively related to hatching success and clutch size but positively related to egg mass; (2) nest height was negatively related to hatching success; (3) nestling mass decreased with increased nest density and distance to edges; (4) fledging success was significantly lower in nests closer to the ground that were far from water; and (5) clutch size and daily survival were higher in nests farther from water. Results showed that nesting success was correlated with variables associated with flooding, population density, and predation and provided no support for the predicted negative effects of PCB exposure.</p>
Short-term effect of thinning on red maple transpiration in a temperate mixed forest
<p>Under climate change, forests are expected to experience drier conditions that may increase tree mortality. Silvicultural treatments, such as thinning, have been proposed to reduce moisture competition and to improve forest resistance to drought events. Most studies have investigated the effectiveness of thinning under semi-arid conditions, while little information is available regarding temperate forest responses, together with the residual basal area (BA) that is required to reap the benefits of these treatments. This research aims to understand how the residual BA influences transpiration in mixed temperate forest stands that are dominated by red maple (<em>Acer rubrum</em>) in southeastern Canada. We monitored the sap flux density (Fd) with thermal dissipation-type sensors for 18 red maples spread across nine experimental plots that were thinned to obtain a gradient of residual BA (20, 12.5, 6 m<sup>2</sup> ha<sup>-1</sup>). The study was conducted during the first growing season following treatment. Low residual BA plots (6 m<sup>2</sup> ha<sup>-1</sup>) incurred drier atmospheric conditions as shown by a greater vapor pressure deficit (VPD) compared to high residual BA plots (20 m<sup>2</sup> ha<sup>-1</sup>). At the tree scale, Fd increased with residual BA, with the most pronounced differences under dry atmospheric conditions: when daily VPD exceeded 1.1 kPa, mean Fd in high residual BA plots was respectively 20% and 75% greater than in medium (12.5 m<sup>2</sup> ha<sup>-1</sup>) and low residual BA plots. At the stand level, we simulated total transpiration considering the stand as only made of red maples. The transpiration in medium and low residual BA plots amounted to 41% and 79% of transpiration simulated in the high residual BA plot. Overall, this work highlighted broad variation in response to residual BA treatments, emphasizing the need to better model forest water budgets, and partitioning overstory and understory evapotranspiration to make more adequate residual BA prescriptions in temperate forests.</p>
In Search of the Edge: A Bayesian Exploration of the Detectability of Red Edges in Exoplanet Reflection Spectra
<p>This repository contains surface albedos for a paper submitted to AAS journals under the same title. Here we include a a realistic Earth-like surface albedo and the raw albedo files used for it's calculation.</p>
Unravelling the mystery of red flowers in the Mediterranean Basin: How to be conspicuous in a place dominated by hymenopteran pollinators
<p>Red-flowered species have traditionally been related to ornithophily, and the 'bee avoidance' hypothesis, i.e. red flower coloration is a way to reduce visits from hymenopterans, has been proposed to explain this association. In the Mediterranean Basin, ornithophily is almost absent, and hymenopterans are the most common group of pollinators. The fact that hymenopterans are virtually red-blind raises the question of how red-flowered species are pollinated in this region. Are these flowers pollinated by other groups of red-sensitive insects such as lepidopterans and coleopterans, or do they have visual cues that make them attractive to hymenopterans? We examined the reflectance spectra of 51 red-flowered species from the Mediterranean Basin and modelled these spectra in the visual system of hymenopterans, dipterans, coleopterans, and lepidopterans to obtain colour and conspicuousness. According to their reflectance curves, species were classified as pure red and UV-red flowers, and the presence of more than one flower colour (patterned flowers) was studied. We evaluated the match between flower reflectance spectra and the maximum discrimination abilities of hymenopteran and lepidopteran visual system. All these metrics were analysed in a phylogenetically explicit framework, and a literature review of potential pollinators was performed. The vast majority of red-flowered species in the Mediterranean Basin are potentially pollinated by hymenopterans, and only three species are exclusively visited by coleopterans. We found that 90% of these species showed at least one colour signal strategy that helps to enhance conspicuousness to hymenopterans: to produce UV-red flower type spectra and/or patterned flowers. The UV-red colour showed a significant phylogenetic signal, but the presence of patterned flowers did not. Even though the red-flowered species of the Mediterranean Basin did not optimally match the colour vision of hymenopterans or lepidopterans, the presence of patterned and UV-red colours suggests an improvement in detection and discrimination by hymenopterans. The bee-avoidance hypothesis seems to be ruled out for the red-flowered species of the Mediterranean Basin. Our results suggest that red-flowered species are mostly pollinated by hymenopterans and show different flower colour signal strategies that can be interpreted as signs of adaptation to these pollinators.</p>
Data: Sex-specific effects of capital resources on reproductive timing and success in red squirrels
<p><span>Reproduction is an energetically expensive activity for both sexes. However, if males and females differ in their annual timing of reproduction, such that peak investment for one sex occurs during a more resource-limited period, there is an opportunity for sex-specific selection to act on the acquisition of energetic resources. Both male and female North American red squirrels (<em>Tamiasciurus hudsonicus</em>) cache conifer cones, although males typically have larger caches than females. Peak energetic investment in reproduction occurs for males during the mating season in winter and early spring (when squirrels rely almost exclusively on cached resources) and for females during lactation (which can align with fresh food availability). We provide evidence that suggests sex differences in cache size are likely driven by a stronger positive connection between cached resources and components of fitness for males than for females. Specifically, males with larger caches have greater siring success than males with smaller caches, whereas for females, only early breeding females experience a positive effect of cache size on the number of recruits produced. We also show that males sire pups and females give birth earlier in the year if they have larger caches compared with squirrels of the same sex with smaller caches. Sexual selection can thus extend beyond traits directly connected to mating behavior, and can act on traits related to acquiring resources needed to fuel reproduction that are expressed months or years in advance of breeding efforts.</span></p>
A mechanism for red coloration in vertebrates
<p>Red coloration is a salient feature of the natural world. Many vertebrates produce red color by converting dietary yellow carotenoids into red ketocarotenoids via an unknown mechanism. Here, we show that two enzymes, cytochrome P450 2J19 (CYP2J19) and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1-like (BDH1L), are sufficient to catalyze this conversion. In birds, both enzymes are expressed at sites of ketocarotenoid biosynthesis (feather follicles and red cone photoreceptors), and genetic evidence implicates these enzymes in yellow/red color variation in feathers. In fish, homologs of CYP2J19 and BDH1L are required for ketocarotenoid production, and we show that these enzymes are sufficient to produce ketocarotenoids in cell culture and when ectopically expressed in fish skin. Finally, we demonstrate that the red-cone-enriched tetratricopeptide repeat protein 39B (TTC39B) enhances ketocarotenoid production when co-expressed with CYP2J19 and BDH1L. The discovery of this mechanism of ketocarotenoid biosynthesis has major implications for understanding the evolution of color diversity in vertebrates.</p>
Niche overlap between two large herbivores across landscape variability using dietary eDNA metabarcoding: Raw sequences of European bison and red deer – Bialowieza
<p><span>Understanding the trophic ecology of herbivore species is key to assess their environmental requirements and to improve management policies, but measuring their trophic interactions remains challenging. Among the methods available, quantifying the plant composition of a species' diet provides a detailed picture of how species exploit the resources in their environment and their associated niche overlap. Yet, most studies focusing on herbivore trophic ecology ignore the influence that landscape variability may have. Here, we studied how landscape variability influences trophic interactions through niche partitioning. We used eDNA metabarcoding to quantify the diet composition of two large herbivores of the Bialowieza Forest, red deer (<em>Cervus elaphus</em>) and European bison (<em>Bison bonasus</em>, hereafter referred to as bison) to investigate how increasing habitat quality and predation risk in their environment influence their diet composition and niche partitioning. We found red deer to have an overall greater diet variability and lower niche overlap within species compared to bison. Moreover, our findings indicate herbivore interactions are non-homogeneous across the landscape. Higher habitat quality was associated with higher niche overlap only within bison. We also detected an increase in niche overlap with increasing predation risk within red deer, indicating they modify their diet choice as a reaction to wolf predation risk. This study provides evidence of eDNA dietary metabarcoding as a useful tool for wildlife management to assess the status of species in an ecosystem based on known environmental factors. We suggest future studies to integrate the environments' variability when studying trophic ecology of herbivores to capture the whole extent of species interaction in order to improve conservation and management guidelines. </span></p>
Figure 5 in Agricultural activities and threat to fauna in Brazil: an analysis of the Red Book of Endangered Brazilian Fauna
Figure 5. Number of species affected by isolation, in each group, compared to the number of species affected by habitat reduction and habitat fragmentation.
King Colobus and Western Red Colobus of Taï National Park - microsatellite dataset
<p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>We compared the genetic patterns - genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic history - of two African colobine species - King Colobus (<em>Colobus polykomos</em>) and Western Red Colobus (<em>Piliocolobus badius</em>) - in Taï National Park (TNP), Ivory Coast, and Cantanhez Forests National Park (CFNP), Guinea-Bissau, using a dataset of microsatellite loci. While TNP is the largest and best preserved forest of West Africa, CFNP is highly fragmented. Thus, these two forests provide the opportunity of studying the impact of forest status on the maintenance of these species' evolutionary potential.</p> <p>CFNP colobines showed very low genetic diversity, while the populations in TNP still maintain high levels of genetic diversity. A strong signal of population decline was and we found no clear signal of population decrease in Western red colobus and a limited decrease in King colobus. These results suggest larger and historically more stable populations in TNP compared to CFNP. We cannot exclude the possibility that the demographic effects resulting from the recent increase of bushmeat hunting are not yet detectable in TNP using genetic data. Nevertheless, the fact that the TNP colobus populations are highly genetically diverse and maintain large effective population sizes suggests that well-preserved forests are crucial for the maintenance of populations, species and probably for the evolutionary potential in colobines.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong></p> <p>Blood-derived DNA samples of eight King Colobus (<em>Colobus polykomos</em>) and 20 Western Red Colobus (<em>Piliocolobus badius</em>) were genotyped for eleven and ten, respectively, human-derived nuclear microsatellite loci. Loci were amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), following the protocol optimised by Minhós <em>et al.</em> (2013). PCR products were analysed using an ABI 3130XL Automatic Sequencer at the Genomics Unit of Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Portugal. Alleles were scored using GeneMapper® Software version 4.1 (Applied Biosystems). Each locus was genotyped up to three times per sample and two independent observers scored the genotypes. Genotypes were considered as heterozygous after each allele was observed in at least two independent PCR reactions. This dataset presents the consensus genotypes obtained for each individual at each locus. No GPS data are available for this dataset, although all individuals are known to come from Taï National Park, Ivory Coast.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Usage notes:</strong></p> <p>The dataset corresponds to two CSV files - one for King Colobus (<em>Colobus polykomos</em>) and another for Western Red Colobus (<em>Piliocolobus badius</em>). The header shows microsatellite names (2 columns per microsatellite, as these are diploid individuals) and each subsequent row corresponds to an individual. The first column exhibits the codes of the individuals. Missing data is coded as 0.</p>
Supplementary dataset for: Genome-wide signatures of adaptation to extreme environments in red algae
<p>The high temperature, acidity, and heavy-metal-rich environments associated with hot springs have a major impact on biological processes in resident cells. Understanding the origin and evolution of adaptations to these extreme environments has long intrigued scientists. One group of photosynthetic eukaryotes, the Cyanidiophyceae (Rhodophyta), has successfully thrived in hot springs and associated sites (e.g., endolithic) worldwide for >1 billion years. These poly-extremophilic red algae are models for studying a wide range of topics in cell evolution. Here, we analyze chromosome-level assemblies from three Cyanidiophyceae species, the Cyanidiales <em>Cyanidium caldarium</em> 063 E5 and <em>Cyanidiococcus yangmingshanensis </em>8.1.23 F7 and the Galdieriales <em>Galdieria sulphuraria </em>108.79 E11, to gain insights into environmental adaptation. We find that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has played a major role in this process, as has other mechanisms such as subtelomeric gene duplication (STGD) of functional genes and the elimination of canonical eukaryotic traits, including microRNA processing. These extremophilic adaptation strategies are shared by the two major orders, Cyanidiales and Galdieriales, but most of the specialized genes evolved independently in each lineage. Our findings provide significant and novel insights into Cyanidiophyceae adaptation to hot-spring environments and demonstrate how the genomic consequence of extremophilic adaptation varies among the taxa in different microhabitats. The latter result underlines the power of local selection to shape eukaryotic genomes that face vastly different stresses, although the cells may live in close proximity. </p>
Data for: Activation of bisulfite by LaFeO3 loaded on red mud for degradation of organic dye
<p>In this study, red mud was used as a support for LaFeO3 to prepare a synergistic catalyst (LaFeO3-RM) via ultrasonic-assisted sol-gel method for the enhanced removal of methylene blue (MB) assisted with bisulfite (BS) in an aqueous solution. The Characterization of SEM and BET indicated that comparing with the non-porous structure of bulk LaFeO3, LaFeO3-RM exhibited high surface area and obvious porous structure with a higher pore volume (i.e. 10 times). XRD, XPS and FTIR revealed that in addition to dispersing LaFeO3 particles, the support of porous RM also increased Fe oxidation activity, oxygen-containing functional groups and chemically adsorbed oxygen (from 44.3% to 90.3%) of LaFeO3-RM which enhanced the catalytic performance in structure and chemical composition. MB was removed through the synergistic effect of adsorption and catalysis with MB molecule was first absorbed on the surface and then degraded. The pseudo-first-order kinetic constant of LaFeO3-RM was 6 times than that of LaFeO3. Fe(III) in LaFeO3-RM played a key role in the activation of BS to produce SO4·- by the redox cycle of Fe(III)/Fe(II). With the application of LaFeO3-RM as a promising low-cost synergistic catalyst for the activation of BS under neutral condition, this work provides a new approach of using porous industrial waste to improve the catalytic performance of LaFeO3.</p>
Old Town Red Lobate Bottle; Cross County, AR
Mississippian Culture bottle featuring a lobed body design and still-vibrant Old Town Red finish. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.