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Fig. 20 in Phylogeny and Geological History of the Cynipoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)

Fig. 20. Strict consensus of 11 shortest trees (L 5 227, CI 5 56, RI 5 79) resulting from parsimony analysis of Ronquist's (1995b) data matrix, supplemented with paleontological data for several Late Cretaceous amber fossils described herein. We have added to the original matrix two additional characters (refer to section on Cladistics) and four fossil taxa (i.e., Protimaspis, Stolamissus, Anteucoila, and Proliopteron). No constraints were applied to the search which consisted of: hold 10,000; mult 5,000; wh*; max* in NONA (Goloboff, 1997). Values above branches are the number of unambiguous character changes supporting particular nodes, while those below are Jackknife and Bootstrap values.

Fig. 12 in Phylogeny and Geological History of the Cynipoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)

Fig. 12. Holotype female of Anteucoila delicia Liu and Engel, new genus and species (RTMP-96-9-785); note that the right antenna (lower one in image) is partially pulled from the head capsule and so the basalmost sclerites depicted are not portions of the antenna but are instead sclerotic debris.

Fig. 11 in Phylogeny and Geological History of the Cynipoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)

Fig. 11. Photomicrograph of holotype female of Anteucoila delicia Liu and Engel, new genus and species (RTMP-96-9-785).

Fig. 17 in Phylogeny and Geological History of the Cynipoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)

Fig. 17. Photomicrograph of holotype male of Tanaoknemus ecarinatus Liu and Engel, new genus and species (CAS-78).

Fig. 7 in Phylogeny and Geological History of the Cynipoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)

Fig. 7. Photomicrograph of holotype female of Goerania petiolata Liu and Engel, new genus and species (CAS).

Fig. 3 in Phylogeny and Geological History of the Cynipoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)

Fig. 3. Photomicrograph of holotype female of Stolamissus mirabilis Liu and Engel, new genus and species (NJ-709).

Fig. 15 in Phylogeny and Geological History of the Cynipoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)

Fig. 15. Photomicrograph of holotype female of Syneucoila magnifica Liu and Engel, new genus and species (NJ-1075).

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Figs. 1–6. Janzenella innupta, n in Janzenella, an Enigmatic New Genus of Scelionid Wasp from Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea, Scelionidae)

Figs. 1–6. Janzenella innupta, n. gen. et sp., paratype female. (OSUC 167372); 1, Lateral habitus. 2, Dorsal habitus. 3, Head and mesosoma, lateral view. 4, Head and mesosoma, dorsal view. 5, Head, frontal view. 6, Head, posterior view. Scale bars in millimeters.

Fig. 21 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 21. Flagellomeres: A, Apoica arborea. Flagellomeres are ''knotted'', or convex both dorsally (1 and 2) and ventrally (3); B, Apoica pallida. Dorsal flagellomeres are either slightly convex (19) or nearly flat (29), as is typical of other vespids. Ventral flagellomeres are nearly flat (39).

Fig. 22 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 22. Anal lobe: A, Apoica arborea, anal lobe present; B, Apoica albimacula, anal lobe absent (here severely reduced).

Fig. 20. A in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 20. A: Apoica ellenae. Mesonotum sits lower relative to pronotum, mesonotal bristles do not reach anterior margin; B: Apoica thoracica. Mesonotum sits higher (typical), mesonotal bristles reach anterior margin.

Fig. 15 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 15. Mesonotum with longitudinal stripes: A, Apoica arborea female, absent; B, Apoica strigata, 4 pales stripes, two on either side of the parapsidal furrows. The lateral two stripes are sometimes lacking. C, Apoica ambracarina, two dark stripes, medial to the parapsidal furrows, fusing posteriorly. Scale bars 51.0 mm.

Fig. 14 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 14. Aedeagus: A, Apoica gelida, posterior end of aedeagus widening, B, Apoica arborea, posterior end of aedeagus straight. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm.

Fig. 16 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 16. Strict consensus (L 5 94; CI 5 0.52; RI 5 0.64) of three equally parsimonious topologies (L 5 91; CI 5 0.53; RI 5 0.66) of Apoica spp. and outgroups based on morphology and behavior. Numbers above and below each branch are jackknife and Bremer support values, respectively. Jackknife values below 50% and Bremer values of 1 are not reported.

Fig. 13 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 13. Parameral spine: A, Apoica arborea, parameral spine with setae (1) and posterior lobe of paramere angled (2); B, Apoica ambracarina, parameral spine without setae and posterior lobe of paramere rounded (29). Scale bars 5 1.0 mm.

Fig. 12 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 12. Parameral spine: A, Apoica albimacula, parameral spine thick and blunt; B, Apoica gelida, parameral spine thin and sharp. Both characters 22 and 23 are illustrated here only for efficiency; the different character states from the two characters do not always co-occur as in these species. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm.

Fig. 3 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 3. Metanotum with central carina: A, Apoica thoracica, absent; B, Apoica ambracarina, anterior carina; C, Apoica albimacula, extending posteriorly and sharply carinate. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm.

Fig. 8 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 8. Digitus shape: A, Apoica arborea, posterior surface expanded, forming a triangular shape; B, Apoica strigata, fingerlike and curved. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm.

Fig. 7 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 7. Metanotal bristles in posterior view. A. Apoica arborea, erect. B, Apoica thoracica, apically bent towards midline. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm.

Fig. 1 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 1. Ocelli: A, Polistes fuscatus, typical (small); B, Apoica ambracarina, large. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm.