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FIGURE 2 in Two new species of Monstera (Araceae: Monsteroideae) from the Pacific slope of the Andes in Colombia
FIGURE 2. Distribution map for Monstera momoi. (circles) and Monstera kikiae. (triangles). National Natural Parks are shown in green from top to bottom Las Orquídeas, Tatamá and Farallones de Cali.
FIGURE 3 in Two new species of Monstera (Araceae: Monsteroideae) from the Pacific slope of the Andes in Colombia
FIGURE 3. Comparison of Monstera momoi, Monstera kikiae and similar species. A-B, Monstera momoi. C-D, M. dissecta. E-F, M. kikiae. G-H, M. oreophila. A, Leaf blade. B, Petiole apex showing the sheath and geniculum. C, Petiole apex showing the sheath and geniculum. D, Leaf blade. E, Leaf blade. F, Inflorescence in post-anthesis. G, Inflorescence in anthesis. H, Leaf blade. Photographs A-D by Marco Cedeño; F-H by Alejandro Zuluaga.
FIGURE 4 in Two new species of Monstera (Araceae: Monsteroideae) from the Pacific slope of the Andes in Colombia
FIGURE 4. Monstera momoi sp. nov. A, Undeveloped inflorescence. B, Partially-opened inflorescence, frontal view. C, Part-opened inflorescence, dorsal view. D, Infructescence. E, Fertile flower in lateral view (left) and in longitudinal section (right). F, Sterile flower in lateral view (left) and in longitudinal section (right). G, Adult plant. H, Stylar cap, dorsal view (left), and individual stamen (right). Photographs by Marco Cedeño.
FIGURE 6 in A new species of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) with a colourful venter from the cloud forests of Colombian western Andes
FIGURE 6. General (above) and detailed (below) representative pictures of the habitat of Pristimantis postducheminorum sp. nov. in the cloud forests of the Colombian northwestern Andes. Individuals were found perched on the moss covering tree branches or (one) directly sitting on bromeliad leaves. Photos by Luis A. Mazariegos-H.
FIGURE 4 in A new species of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) with a colourful venter from the cloud forests of Colombian western Andes
FIGURE 4. Schematic lateral (A) and dorsal (B) views of the snout of Pristimantis postducheminorum sp. nov.; ventral view of the hand (C) and foot (D). All illustrations by Luis A. Mazariegos-H. based on his own photographs on the holotype (MHUA- A11550).
FIGURE 5 in A new species of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) with a colourful venter from the cloud forests of Colombian western Andes
FIGURE 5. Representative examples of among-individuals variation in ventral colouration of Pristimantis postducheminorum sp. nov. after preservation in 70% ethanol during at least one-year. Regarding the gular area, individuals may lack patterning (A), or present a V-shaped band (C) or a blotched (B, D) pattern. Some keep the belly orange pigment (B), and some exhibit a mid-ventral white line (D). From left to right and top to down: MHUA-A 11549, ANDES-A4425, MHUA-A 11550, ANDES- A4428. Photographs not to scale.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) with a colourful venter from the cloud forests of Colombian western Andes
FIGURE 3. Variation in dorsolateral and ventral coloration among some individuals of the type series. From top to down: A. MHUA-A11550 (holotype), B: ANDES-A4428, C: MHUA-A11551, D: ANDES-A4427, E: MHUA-A 1549. Photographs not to scale.
FIGURE 7 in A new species of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) with a colourful venter from the cloud forests of Colombian western Andes
FIGURE 7. Currently known distribution of Pristimantis postducheminorum sp. nov. and the phylogenetically closest species throughout the Colombian western Andes. The light blue dot with the new species name encloses the type locality (MPNR) and only other locality (El Centello Reserve) where the species is currently known. They are separated by less than 5 km of straight line.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) with a colourful venter from the cloud forests of Colombian western Andes
FIGURE 2. Two-dimensional representation of genetic uncorrected distances between individuals of Pristimantis postducheminorum sp. nov. and the phylogenetically closest species of Pristimantis (Fig. 1). The axes are unitless and derived from Classic Multidimensional Scaling of pairwise genetic distances. The Pearson's correlation coefficient between graphical distances and original genetic distances is 0.96.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) with a colourful venter from the cloud forests of Colombian western Andes
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic analysis on the relationship between Pristimantis postducheminorum sp. nov. and related species of Pristimantis based on the mitochondrial gene 16S (see Supplementary Table 1). Numbers at nodes represent ultrafast bootstrap support after 5000 pseudoreplicates, replaced by green-filled circles when the values are above 95. The taxon composed by P. euphronides and P. shrevei was used as external group. Photos: P. ferwerdai and P. postducheminorum sp. nov. by Luis A. Mazariegos-H., and P. satagius by Juan M. Daza.
Data from: A diversification relay race from Caribbean-Mesoamerica to the Andes: historical biogeography of Xylophanes hawkmoths
<p>The regions of the Andes and Caribbean-Mesoamerica are both hypothesized to be the cradle for many Neotropical lineages, but few studies have fully investigated the dynamics and interactions between Neotropical bioregions. The NewWorld hawkmoth genus Xylophanes is the most taxonomically diverse genus in the Sphingidae, with the highest endemism and richness in the Andes and Caribbean-Mesoamerica. We integrated phylogenomic and DNA barcode data and generated the first time-calibrated tree for this genus, covering 93.8% of the species diversity. We used event-based likelihood ancestral area estimation and biogeographic stochastic mapping to examine the speciation and dispersal dynamics of Xylophanes across bioregions. We also used trait-dependent diversification models to compare speciation and extinction rates of lineages associated with different bioregions. Our results indicate that Xylophanes originated in Caribbean-Mesoamerica in the Late Miocene, and immediately diverged into five major clades. The current species diversity and distribution of Xylophanes can be explained by two consecutive phases. In the first phase, the highest Xylophanes speciation and emigration rates occurred in the Caribbean-Mesoamerica, and the highest immigration rates occurred in the Andes, whereas in the second phase the highest immigration rates were found in Amazonia, and the Andes had the highest speciation and emigration rates.</p>
Subspecies and Distribution. P. c. culpaeus Molina, 1782 — W & C Argentina and C Chile. P. c. andinus Thomas, 1914 — altiplano of Bolivia, N Chile, and Peru. P.c. lycoides Philippi, 1895 — Tierra del Fuego. P.c. magellanicus Gray, 1837 — Argentina and S Chile. P. c. reissu Hilzheimer, 1906 — Ecuadorian Andes and extreme S Colombia (Narino). P. c. smithersi Thomas, 1914 — Argentina (Cordoba Mts). in Canidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P. c. culpaeus Molina, 1782 — W & C Argentina and C Chile. P. c. andinus Thomas, 1914 — altiplano of Bolivia, N Chile, and Peru. P.c. lycoides Philippi, 1895 — Tierra del Fuego. P.c. magellanicus Gray, 1837 — Argentina and S Chile. P. c. reissu Hilzheimer, 1906 — Ecuadorian Andes and extreme S Colombia (Narino). P. c. smithersi Thomas, 1914 — Argentina (Cordoba Mts).
Subspecies and Distribution. L. c. colocolo Molina, 1782 — C Chile. L.c. braccatus Cope, 1899 — C Brazil (Mato Grosso) to N Argentina. L.c. budini Pocock, 1941 — Salta highlands in NW Argentina. L.c. crespoi Cabrera, 1957 — Salta lowlands in NW Argentina L.c. garleppi Matschie, 1912 — Andes in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. L.c. munoai Ximénez, 1961 — extreme S Brazil and Uruguay. L. c. pajeros Desmarest, 1816 — Pampas grasslands from Buenos Aires Province to S Argentina and Chile. L. c. thomasi Lonnberg, 1913 — Ecuador. in Felidae
Subspecies and Distribution. L. c. colocolo Molina, 1782 — C Chile. L.c. braccatus Cope, 1899 — C Brazil (Mato Grosso) to N Argentina. L.c. budini Pocock, 1941 — Salta highlands in NW Argentina. L.c. crespoi Cabrera, 1957 — Salta lowlands in NW Argentina L.c. garleppi Matschie, 1912 — Andes in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. L.c. munoai Ximénez, 1961 — extreme S Brazil and Uruguay. L. c. pajeros Desmarest, 1816 — Pampas grasslands from Buenos Aires Province to S Argentina and Chile. L. c. thomasi Lonnberg, 1913 — Ecuador.
Subspecies and Distribution. L. t. tigrinus Schreber, 1775 = Venezuela, the Guianas, N Brazil. L. t. guttulus Hensel, 1872 — E and S Brazil, Paraguay, N Argentina. L. t. oncilla Thomas, 1903 — Costa Rica. L. t. pardinoides Gray, 1867 — N Andes from Colombia to Bolivia. in Felidae
Subspecies and Distribution. L. t. tigrinus Schreber, 1775 = Venezuela, the Guianas, N Brazil. L. t. guttulus Hensel, 1872 — E and S Brazil, Paraguay, N Argentina. L. t. oncilla Thomas, 1903 — Costa Rica. L. t. pardinoides Gray, 1867 — N Andes from Colombia to Bolivia.
Subspecies and Distribution. L. p. pardalis Linnaeus, 1758 — S Mexico through Central America. L. p. aequatorialis Mearns, 1902 — N Andes. L. p. albescens Pucheran, 1855 — S USA (SW Texas) to NE Mexico. L. p. melanurus Ball, 1844 — Venezuela E to the Guianas highlands, also Trinidad I. L. p. mitis Cuvier, 1820 — S Brazil through Paraguay to N Argentina. L. p. nelsoni Goldman, 1925 — W Mexico (from Sinaloa to Oaxaca). L. p. pseudopardalis Boitard, 1842 — N Colombia and W Venezuela. L. p. pusaeus Thomas, 1914 — coastal Ecuador to Peru. L. p. sonoriensis Goldman, 1925 — NW Mexico, and formerly USA (Arizona). L. p. steinbachi Pocock, 1941 — Bolivian highlands. in Felidae
Subspecies and Distribution. L. p. pardalis Linnaeus, 1758 — S Mexico through Central America. L. p. aequatorialis Mearns, 1902 — N Andes. L. p. albescens Pucheran, 1855 — S USA (SW Texas) to NE Mexico. L. p. melanurus Ball, 1844 — Venezuela E to the Guianas highlands, also Trinidad I. L. p. mitis Cuvier, 1820 — S Brazil through Paraguay to N Argentina. L. p. nelsoni Goldman, 1925 — W Mexico (from Sinaloa to Oaxaca). L. p. pseudopardalis Boitard, 1842 — N Colombia and W Venezuela. L. p. pusaeus Thomas, 1914 — coastal Ecuador to Peru. L. p. sonoriensis Goldman, 1925 — NW Mexico, and formerly USA (Arizona). L. p. steinbachi Pocock, 1941 — Bolivian highlands.
Subspecies and Distribution. M.n.nigricansSchinz,1821—SouthAmericaNof¢.26°S,includingTrinidadandTobagoIs. M.n.carteriLaVal,1973—PacificcoastofMexico,fromNayaritandMichoacantoBalsasBasininSMexicoState. M. n. extremus G. S. Miller & G. M. Allen, 1928 — Gulf coast of Mexico from S Tamaulipas S through Central America to Panama. M. n. osculatii Cornalia, 1849 — throughout the Andes from c.5° N to c.15° S. in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. M.n.nigricansSchinz,1821—SouthAmericaNof¢.26°S,includingTrinidadandTobagoIs. M.n.carteriLaVal,1973—PacificcoastofMexico,fromNayaritandMichoacantoBalsasBasininSMexicoState. M. n. extremus G. S. Miller & G. M. Allen, 1928 — Gulf coast of Mexico from S Tamaulipas S through Central America to Panama. M. n. osculatii Cornalia, 1849 — throughout the Andes from c.5° N to c.15° S.
Distribution. Known from two localities in W Andes, La Guayacana, Narino (SW Colombia) and Santo Domingo (WC Ecuador). in Vespertilionidae
Distribution. Known from two localities in W Andes, La Guayacana, Narino (SW Colombia) and Santo Domingo (WC Ecuador).
Distribution. Known from highlands in Venezuela to Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and NW Argentina. in Vespertilionidae
Distribution. Known from highlands in Venezuela to Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and NW Argentina.
Subspecies and Distribution. M. m. megalophylla Peters, 1864 — from SW Arizona and Texas, USA, and Baja California, Mexico, S to W Nicaragua. M. m. carteriJ. D. Smith, 1972 — Carchi and Pichincha provinces, N Ecuador, and Lambayeque Department, NW Peru. M. m. intermedia G. S. Miller, 1900 — Netherlands Antilles (Aruba, Curacao, and Bonaire). M. m. tumidiceps G. S. Miller, 1902 — coastal and inland localities between C & E Andes ranges of Colombia, Caribbean coast of Venezuela including Margarita I, and Trinidad I. in Mormoopidae
Subspecies and Distribution. M. m. megalophylla Peters, 1864 — from SW Arizona and Texas, USA, and Baja California, Mexico, S to W Nicaragua. M. m. carteriJ. D. Smith, 1972 — Carchi and Pichincha provinces, N Ecuador, and Lambayeque Department, NW Peru. M. m. intermedia G. S. Miller, 1900 — Netherlands Antilles (Aruba, Curacao, and Bonaire). M. m. tumidiceps G. S. Miller, 1902 — coastal and inland localities between C & E Andes ranges of Colombia, Caribbean coast of Venezuela including Margarita I, and Trinidad I.
Distribution. Known from scattered localities in lowlands of N & E South America, from E slopes of Andes in Venezuela, the Guianas, N Peru, and W Brazilian Amazon. in Molossidae
Distribution. Known from scattered localities in lowlands of N & E South America, from E slopes of Andes in Venezuela, the Guianas, N Peru, and W Brazilian Amazon.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.