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3,339 results for “heterogeneities”
Figure 5 in High-resolution survey indicates high heterogeneity in copepod distribution in the hydrologically active Drake Passage
Figure 5. Distribution of chlorophyll a values integrated over the euphotic zone (Chlph) in the study area in the Drake Passage, October–November 2008 (Demidov et al. 2011). Open circles indicate stations. PFZ, Polar Front Zone; PF, Polar Front; AZ, Antarctic Zone; SPC, South Polar Current.
Figure 8 in High-resolution survey indicates high heterogeneity in copepod distribution in the hydrologically active Drake Passage
Figure 8. Contribution of the dominant species and groups of zooplankton to the total biomass along the transects.
Figure 3 in Integrated systematics of the Poecilimon luschani species group (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): radiation as a chain of populations in a small heterogeneous area
Figure 3. Bioacoustic terminology followed for Poecilimon luschani species group: A, a syllable sequence; B, impulses in a single syllable.
Figures 82–84 in Integrated systematics of the Poecilimon luschani species group (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): radiation as a chain of populations in a small heterogeneous area
Figures 82–84. Plots showing results of Tukey's analyses applied to four song parameters from Poecilimon luschani species group given in Table 2. 82, syllable duration; 83, impulse number per syllable; 84, impulse period.
Figure 2. Morphological terminology followed for Poecilimon luschani species group. A in Integrated systematics of the Poecilimon luschani species group (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): radiation as a chain of populations in a small heterogeneous area
Figure 2. Morphological terminology followed for Poecilimon luschani species group. A, male head pronotum and tegmina from above; B, tegmina from ventral side; C, male cerci; D, male subgenital plate; E, female genitalia from profile.
Figures 48–65 in Integrated systematics of the Poecilimon luschani species group (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): radiation as a chain of populations in a small heterogeneous area
Figures 48–65. Male subgenital plate in Poecilimon luschani species group, each representing a population (scale bar = 2 mm): 48, İzmir; 49, Balkan; 50, Balıkesir; 51, Kütahya; 52, Aydın; 53, Akdag˘; 54, Erentepe; 55, Es¸en1; 56, Es¸en2; 57, Es¸en3; 58, Patara; 59, Kalkan; 60, Demre; 61, Olympos; 62, Kemer; 63, Tahtalıdag˘; 64, Termessos; 65, Bakırlıdağ.
Figure 1 in Integrated systematics of the Poecilimon luschani species group (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): radiation as a chain of populations in a small heterogeneous area
Figure 1. Distribution of the Poecilimon luschani species group (filled circles indicate the specimens used for morphology, song, and DNA studies, see Table 1; open circles indicate the material in the collection of K.G. Heller; taxa names are according to the results of this study).
Figures 22–29 in Integrated systematics of the Poecilimon luschani species group (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): radiation as a chain of populations in a small heterogeneous area
Figures 22–29. Male pronotum from profile in Poecilimon luschani species group, each representing a phylogroup suggested by the phylogenetic tree (scale bar = 4 mm): 22, İzmir; 23, Balkan; 24, Balıkesir; 25, Kütahya; 26, Aydın; 27, Demre; 28, west phylogroup of the Antalya + Mug˘ la range; 29, east phylogroup of the Antalya + Mug˘ la range.
Figures 74–81 in Integrated systematics of the Poecilimon luschani species group (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): radiation as a chain of populations in a small heterogeneous area
Figures 74–81. Male calling song in Poecilimon luschani species group, each representing a phylogroup suggested by the phylogenetic tree (A, a syllable sequence; B, details of a syllable): 74, İzmir; 75, Balkan; 76, Balıkesir; 77, Kütahya; 78, Aydın; 79, Demre; 80, west phylogroup of the Antalya + Mug˘ la range; 81, east phylogroup of the Antalya + Mug˘ la range.
Figures 4–21 in Integrated systematics of the Poecilimon luschani species group (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): radiation as a chain of populations in a small heterogeneous area
Figures 4–21. Male pronotum from dorsal in Poecilimon luschani species group, each representing a population (scale bar = 2 mm): 4, İzmir; 5, Balkan; 6, Balıkesir; 7, Kütahya; 8, Aydın; 9, Akdag˘; 10, Erentepe; 11, Es¸en1; 12, Es¸en2; 13, Es¸en3; 14, Patara; 15, Kalkan; 16, Demre; 17, Olympos; 18, Kemer; 19, Tahtalıdag˘; 20, Termessos; 21, Bakırlıdağ.
Figure 86 in Integrated systematics of the Poecilimon luschani species group (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): radiation as a chain of populations in a small heterogeneous area
Figure 86. Evolution of the male cerci and subgenital plate in the light of molecular phylogeny and the background for taxonomic decisions for Poecilimon luschani species group. MU, morphological unit.
FIGURE. General characters in Myrcia. A: Asymmetrical anther thecae; B: Symmetrical anther thecae; C: Simple trichome; D: Dibrachiate trichome; E: 2-locular ovary; F: 3-locular ovary; G: Hypanthium persistent in the fruit, hollow; H: Hypanthium persistent in the fruit, beaked and filled by tissue; I. Homogeneous gland dots; J: Heterogeneous gland dots; K: Tertiary veins densely reticulated; L: Tertiary veins sparsely reticulated. (A: Oliveira 841; B: Moreira 404; C: Lindeman 1640; D: Hatschbach 13407; E: Bonaldi 502; F: Hatschbach 8646; G: Silva 4334; H: Brotto 2434; I: Hatschbach 61476; J: Carrião s.n. UPCB 28305; K: Kuniyoshi 4844; L: Michelon 1327). in Myrcia (Myrtaceae) in the state of Paraná, Brazil
FIGURE. General characters in Myrcia. A: Asymmetrical anther thecae; B: Symmetrical anther thecae; C: Simple trichome; D: Dibrachiate trichome; E: 2-locular ovary; F: 3-locular ovary; G: Hypanthium persistent in the fruit, hollow; H: Hypanthium persistent in the fruit, beaked and filled by tissue; I. Homogeneous gland dots; J: Heterogeneous gland dots; K: Tertiary veins densely reticulated; L: Tertiary veins sparsely reticulated. (A: Oliveira 841; B: Moreira 404; C: Lindeman 1640; D: Hatschbach 13407; E: Bonaldi 502; F: Hatschbach 8646; G: Silva 4334; H: Brotto 2434; I: Hatschbach 61476; J: Carrião s.n. UPCB 28305; K: Kuniyoshi 4844; L: Michelon 1327).
Ligand binding remodels protein side chain conformational heterogeneity
<p>While protein conformational heterogeneity plays an important role in many aspects of biological function, including ligand binding, its impact has been difficult to quantify. Macromolecular X-ray diffraction is commonly interpreted with a static structure, but it can provide information on both the anharmonic and harmonic contributions to conformational heterogeneity. Here, through multiconformer modeling of time- and space-averaged electron density, we measure conformational heterogeneity of 743 stringently matched pairs of crystallographic datasets that reflect unbound/apo and ligand-bound/holo states. When comparing the conformational heterogeneity of side chains, we observe that when binding site residues become more rigid upon ligand binding, distant residues tend to become more flexible, especially in non-solvent exposed regions. Among ligand properties, we observe increased protein flexibility as the number of hydrogen bonds decrease and relative hydrophobicity increases. Across a series of 13 inhibitor bound structures of CDK2, we find that conformational heterogeneity is correlated with inhibitor features and identify how conformational changes propagate differences in conformational heterogeneity away from the binding site. Collectively, our findings agree with models emerging from NMR studies suggesting that residual side chain entropy can modulate affinity and point to the need to integrate both static conformational changes and conformational heterogeneity in models of ligand binding.</p>
Replication package for "Real Effects of Financial Distress: The Role of Heterogeneity"
<p>This package contains synthetic data and code that generates the figures and tables in the paper and the online appendix. Data files in .csv and stata format have been provided. A readme has been included that provides detailed guidelines how to run the codes.</p>
Divergent patterns and spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients in a complex and dynamic savanna landscape
<p>Many grassy ecosystems around the world are experiencing woody encroachment. These woody encroachers often cause nutrient enrichment in the plant-soil environment, potentially facilitating their growth and reproduction. However, studies of encroachment effects on nutrient distributions have been confined to a few major elements (<i>e.g.,</i> N, and P) and limited in spatial extent. We analyzed 19 elements in dominant plants and in georeferenced soils across a subtropical savanna landscape experiencing woody encroachment to quantify their spatial patterns and elucidate drivers responsible for these patterns. We found divergent patterns of spatial heterogeneity of these elements in surface soils across this complex landscape. Nutrient accumulation underneath woody canopies and redistribution by woody plants occurred in a subset of elements (<i>i.e.</i>, N, P, S, Ca, Cu, and Sr). Though some of these elements are not necessarily growth-limiting, they do occur in higher concentrations in woody compared to herbaceous plants. Distributions of the other elements were closely related to spatial variation in soil pH, clay content, and slope rather than to woody encroachment. Our nuanced spatial sampling approach and analysis reveal significant variation in nutrient distributions in response to woody encroachment, and illustrate the role of landscape patterns in mediating ecosystem processes. These changes in the concentrations and distributions of key essential nutrients broaden our understanding of the biogeochemical consequences of woody encroachment, and provide new insights regarding the significance of long-term vegetation dynamics in dryland ecosystems.</p>
Single-cell analysis of patient-derived PDAC organoids reveals cell state heterogeneity and a conserved developmental hierarchy
<p>scRNA-seq read count matrices from patient-derived PDAC organoids.</p>
Open forest successional stages and landscape heterogeneity promote wild bee diversity in temperate forests
<p>Recent studies have emphasized forests as crucial habitat for wild bees. In Europe, most forests are managed following the principles of close‐to‐nature silviculture, which combine timber production and nature conservation. However, open late and early successional stages within these forests are largely missing, which could be important for wild bees. This highlights that close‐to‐nature silviculture alone might not be sufficient to conserve bees within temperate forests. Open structures such as canopy gaps and road verges in forests could improve habitat for bees. To provide management recommendations for wild bee conservation in temperate forests, we analyzed how components of bee beta diversity varied between forest management types and tested how open structures, namely clear‐cuts, canopy gaps, and forest road verges influenced bee abundance, richness, and diversity. In addition, we analyzed the abundance and percent of red‐listed bee species at different scales. Bees were sampled using 90 pan traps on 45 (1 ha) plots in 2019 and 2020 in the Black Forest, Germany. Plots were selected in 15 triplets each consisting of three management types related to different successional stages: unmanaged, close‐to‐nature, and small clear‐cut. Beta diversity was not consistently nested highlighting the importance of different management and successional stages within the landscape to support bees in forests. Abundance, species richness, and Shannon diversity of bees were highest on clear‐cuts, compared to unmanaged‐ and close‐to‐nature plots. At landscape scale, wild bee abundance increased with canopy openness while wild bee diversity increased with landscape heterogeneity. Abundance‐ and percent of red‐listed bee species increased with the length of forest road verges. We advocate creating habitats at local scales which offer flowering and nesting resources by providing canopy gaps. At landscape scale, heterogeneity created through different forest successional stages is needed to conserve the entire community of wild bees.</p>
Assessing the atmospheric response to subgrid surface heterogeneity in CESM2 - code, output, and analysis script
<p>This dataset contains the raw model output, analysis scripts, and CESM source code (containing modifications to include subgrid-scale surface heterogeneity impacts in CAM) that were used to produce the figures in a manuscript targeting the Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (JAMES) for submission, "Assessing the atmospheric response to subgrid surface heterogeneity in CESM2". For additional information on CESM2 and the most up to date source code, see https://github.com/ESCOMP/CESM. </p> <p>The pre-print of the submitted article is available here: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10512837.1">https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10512837.1</a></p>
Quantifying particle-to-particle heterogeneity in aerosol hygroscopicity
<p>Chemical compositions in an aerosol polulation can generally be classified into the nearly hydrophobic (NH), the less hygroscopic (LH), and the more hygroscopic (MH) components according to their capacities of water absorption. The distribution of these three components varies between and within particles due to the complex sources and aging processes, causing the particle-to-particle heterogeneity in aerosol hygroscopicity. Although this heterogeneity is of great importance to the evaluation of aerosol climatic and environmental effects, it has not been paid attention to in previous studies. This study proposes an algorithm to quantify the particle-to-particle heterogeneity from in-situ measurements for the first time. This algorithm can efficiently characterize the evolution of aerosol heterogeneity with time in the atmosphere and provide a framework for quantifying heterogeneities to merge observations into numerical models to deeply investigate how heterogeneity in aerosol hygroscopicity influences aerosol effects on climate and environment.</p>
Multi-region sequencing with spatial information enables accurate heterogeneity estimation and risk stratification in liver cancer
<p>We performed multi-region sampling and sequencing on 14 patients with HCC, collecting a total of 75 tumor samples with spatial information and molecular data. In addition, 21 matched adjacent liver samples were also collected. All samples were subjected to RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). RNA sequencing was performed on Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform with 40M pair-end 150bp reads per sample. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on 36 samples from patients T10, T13 and T18 (n = 26) as well as adjacent non-tumor tissues (n = 10). Paired end, 150bp read-length sequencing was then performed on Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform with a mean sequencing coverage of 100X. Raw sequencing data has been deposited at the National Omics Data Encyclopedia (NODE) under the accession code OEP002956 ( <a href="http://www.biosino.org/node/project/detail/OEP002956">http://www.biosino.org/node/project/detail/OEP002956</a>).</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.