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18,658 results for “impacts”
Advice Taking under Uncertainty: The Impact of Genuine Advice versus Arbitrary Anchors on Judgment
<p>A major module of rational advice taking consists in the metacognitive ability to distinguish between credible advice and arbitrary anchors. Accordingly, we investigated the extent to which framing the very same information as either advice or anchor exerts a differential influence on quantitative judgments. Four experiments showed that although arbitrary anchors were given lower weight than advice, they nevertheless exerted a systematic impact on final judgments. Degree of integration was related to subjective confidence only in the advice condition, but not in the anchoring condition, suggesting that arbitrary anchors were not considered informative. Framing the source of advice as a human being versus as a computer did not affect our results. Only the aboutness of advice, that is, whether it targeted the focal judgment item, determined its influence on final judgments and on confidence. On the one hand, these findings speak to the (partial) sensitivity of human judges to the source and validity of advice under uncertainty. On the other hand, the persevering effect of arbitrary anchors demonstrates the dependence of judgments on unauthorized influences. Both findings together highlight the need to study advice taking from a metacognitive perspective.</p>
Survey data on the perceptions and impacts of gender inequality in the geosciences
<p>The data stem from an anonymous, online survey conducted from March 25 to April 11, 2018 using Google Surveys. The link to the survey was distributed by the authors via emails and social media (Twitter and Facebook). Among the 1415 participants, we analyzed the responses of those who identified as either female or male (leaving out seven non-binary respondents due to the small sample size), and currently work in academia (i.e., universities or research institutes, including emeritus and adjunct professors, research support staff, and research assistants). We thereby retained 1220 respondents with a gender distribution of 67.0% female to 33.0% male survey participants.</p> <p>Based on this survey, we published to following freely accessible article: Popp, A. L.; Lutz, S. R.; Khatami, S.; van Emmerik, T. H. M.; Knoben, W. J. M. (2019) A global survey on the perceptions and impacts of gender inequality in the earth and space sciences, <em>Earth and Space Science</em>, 6(8), 1460-1468, <a href="http://doi.org/10.1029/2019EA000706">doi:10.1029/2019EA000706</a>.</p>
The impact of biological bedforms on near-bed and subsurface flow: a laboratory validated numerical study of flow in the vicinity of pits and mounds
<p>The data were used in the paper "The impact of biological bedforms on near-bed and subsurface flow: a laboratory validated numerical study of flow in the vicinity of pits and mounds" which was submitted to "Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface". In this paper, a novel, unified water-sediment three-dimensional model is developed to investigate the impact of simulated biogenic bedforms. The impact of biogenic bedforms on near-bed turbulence and sediment entrainment is discussed in gravelly substrates. Biogenic bedform morphology has an important role in determining the spatial extent of up- and down-welling flow.</p>
Data for "On the impact of Citizen Science-derived data quality on deep learning based classification in marine images"
<p>This dataset contains all the annotations done by either citizen scientists or experts of the publication: "On the impact of Citizen Science-derived data quality on deep learning based classification in marine images"</p> <p><strong>CSP.csv</strong> -> CS annotations of the Citizen Science Primer-experiment</p> <p><strong>CSPExpert.csv</strong> -> Expert annotations of the Citizen Science Primer-experiment</p> <p><strong>CSS.csv</strong> -> CS annotations of the Citizen Science Study</p> <p><strong>CSSExpert.csv</strong> -> Expert annotations of the Citizen Science Study</p> <p>Visual exploration of the image data is possible in the BIIGLE 2.0 image annotation system at <a href="https://biigle.de/projects/139">https://biigle.de/projects/159</a> using the login <em><a href="mailto:cs@example.com">cs@example.com</a></em> and the password <em>plosonecs</em>.</p>
Impacts of rainforest degradation on the diets of the insectivorous bats of Sabah
<b>Description: </b><p>The work was carried out within Sabah, at the SAFE project, Danum Valley and Maliau basin. Bats were captured by deploying 6 harp traps per night, during field seasons taking place in 2015, 2016 and 2017. Bat guano samples were collected by placing individual bats into cloth bags, and then releasing them after 12 hours. Any guano in the bottom of the bag was then transferred into 95% ethanol and stored at -20. DNA was extracted from the faecal samples using a Qiagen Stool Mini kit, and then amplified using the ZBJ-ArtF1c ZBJ-ArtR2c primers, and sequencing the DNA on an Illumina MiSeq.</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/182"><b>Impacts of rainforest degradation on the diets of the insectivorous bats of Sabah</b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>NERC (Standard grant, NE/K016407/1)</li><li>Royal Society (Standard grant, RG130793)</li><li>Bat Conservation International (Standard grant)</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>Permits: </b>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:</p><ul><li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre (Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/2 JLD.4 (46))</li></ul><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=3247465">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This dataset consists of 3 files: Bat_SAFE_data_metadata.xlsx, interaction_network.csv, sequences_95.fasta</p><p><b>Bat_SAFE_data_metadata.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 1 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>data</b> (described in worksheet Data)</p><p>Description: measurements collected</p><p>Number of fields: 21</p><p>Number of data rows: 3292</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>TrapName</b>: The trap ID which the bats were captured in (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Lat</b>: Latitude of trap (Field type: Latitude)</li><li><b>Long</b>: Longitude of trap (Field type: Longitude)</li><li><b>Elevation</b>: Elevation of trap (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>Bat_no</b>: Bat ID (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Date</b>: Date of capture (Field type: Date)</li><li><b>Faeces_no1</b>: Tube number used to store faecal sample. Pairs up with column names of interaction matrix (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Faeces_no2</b>: Number of any additional faeces (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Biopsy_Dave</b>: Tube used to store wing biopsy (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Block</b>: If sampling occurred within the SAFE landscape, this is the block it occurred within (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Fragment</b>: If sampling occurred within the SAFE landscape, this is the fragment size it occurred within (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Site</b>: The site within Sabah sampling occurred at (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Species</b>: The bat species ID (Field type: Taxa)</li><li><b>Sex</b>: Male or Female (Field type: Categorical trait)</li><li><b>Age</b>: Was the bat an adult or juvenile (Field type: Categorical trait)</li><li><b>Forearm</b>: The forearm length of the bat (Field type: Numeric trait)</li><li><b>Weight</b>: The weight of the bat (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>Reproductive_condition</b>: If a female bat, if the bat was Non-Reproductive, PRegnant, LActating or Post-Lactating (Field type: Categorical trait)</li><li><b>Parasite</b>: Tube used to store any ectoparasites obtained (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Time</b>: If the bat was captured in evening or morning (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>Tag</b>: Band ID, if used (Field type: ID)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>interaction_network.csv</b></p><p>Description: A network of operational taxonomic units found within the guano of bats captured in Sabah. The column names refer to the bat guano id, as found in the columns 'Faeces_no1' and 'Faeces_no2' in the fieldwork data, and the rownames refer to the OTU of the prey, which is paired to the names of the OTUs in the fasta file.</p><p><b>sequences_95.fasta</b></p><p>Description: A fasta file of prey OTUs found in bat guano, generated using 95% similarity for clustering. The sequence names correspond with the rownames of the file interaction_network.csv</p><p><b>Date range: </b>2015-02-16 to 2017-07-21</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.5000 to 5.0933</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.7500 to 117.8380</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div>Animalia<br> - Chordata<br> -  - Mammalia<br> -  -  - Chiroptera<br> -  -  -  - Emballonuridae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Emballonura</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Emballonura alecto</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Emballonura monticola</i><br> -  -  -  - Hipposideridae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Hipposideros</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hipposideros ater</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hipposideros bicolor</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hipposideros cervinus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hipposideros diadema</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hipposideros doriae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hipposideros dyacorum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hipposideros galeritus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hipposideros ridleyi</i><br> -  -  -  - Megadermatidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Megaderma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Megaderma spasma</i><br> -  -  -  - Nycteridae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Nycteris</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nycteris tragata</i><br> -  -  -  - Pteropodidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Balionycteris</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Balionycteris maculata</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Macroglossus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Macroglossus minimus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Megaerops</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Megaerops wetmorei</i><br> -  -  -  - Rhinolophidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhinolophus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhinolophus acuminatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhinolophus affinis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhinolophus borneensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhinolophus creaghi</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhinolophus luctus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhinolophus sedulus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhinolophus trifoliatus</i><br> -  -  -  - Vespertilionidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Harpiocephalus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Harpiocephalus harpia</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Hesperoptenus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hesperoptenus blanfordi</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Kerivoula</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Kerivoula hardwickii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Kerivoula intermedia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Kerivoula lenis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Kerivoula minuta</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Kerivoula papillosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Kerivoula pellucida</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Kerivoula whiteheadi</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Murina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Murina aenea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Murina cyclotis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Murina rozendaali</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Murina suilla</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Myotis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Myotis muricola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Myotis ridleyi</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Phoniscus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phoniscus atrox</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Pipistrellus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pipistrellus javanicus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pipistrellus tenuis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Scotophilus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Scotophilus kuhlii</i><br></div><p></p>
Dataset: Climate experts' views on geoengineering depend on their beliefs about climate change impacts
<p>This is the dataset and corresponding do-files to reproduce the main results from the Paper "Climate experts’ views on geoengineering depend on their beliefs about climate change impacts" and from the Supplemenatary Information.</p> <p>This fith versions incorporates additional work done after journal review.</p>
Helping or not Helping? Why and How Trivial Packages Impact the npm Ecosystem
<p>Developers often share their code snippets by packaging them and making them available to others through software packages. How much a package does and how big it is can be seen as positive or negative. Recent studies showed that many packages that exist in the npm ecosystem are trivial and may introduce high dependency overhead.</p> <p>Hence, one question that arises is why developers choose to publish these trivial packages. Therefore, in this paper, we perform a developer-centered study to empirically examine why developers choose to publish such trivial packages. Specifically, we ask 1) why developers publish trivial packages, 2) what they believe to be the possible negative impacts of these packages, and 3) how such negative issues can be mitigated. The survey response of 59 JavaScript developers who publish trivial npm packages showed that the main reasons for publishing these trivial packages are to provide <em>reusable components</em>, <em>testing</em> & <em>documentation</em>, and <em>separation of concerns</em>. Even the developers who publish these trivial packages admitted to having issues when they publish such packages, which include the <em>maintenance of multiple packages</em>, <em>dependency hell</em>, <em>finding the right package</em>, and the <em>increase of duplicated packages</em> in the ecosystems. Furthermore, we found that the majority of the developers suggested grouping these trivial packages to cope with the problems associated with publishing them. Then, to quantitatively investigate the impact of these trivial packages on the npm ecosystem and its users, we examine grouping these trivial packages. We found that if trivial packages that are always used together are grouped, the ecosystem can reduce the number of dependencies by approximately 13%. Our findings shed light on the impact of publishing trivial packages and show that ecosystems and developer communities need to rethink their publishing policies since it can negatively impact the developers and the entire ecosystem.</p> <p>The published data set contains the following:</p> <ol> <li>List of identified trivial npm packages.</li> <li>The survey questions.</li> <li>The developers' responses to the survey.</li> <li>The results of the co-usage analysis of trivial npm packages.</li> </ol> <p> </p>
Companion for "OpenMP and StarPU Abreast: the Impact of Runtime in Task-Based Block QR Factorization Performance"
<p>This is the companion website for the paper entitled *OpenMP and StarPU Abreast: the Impact of Runtime in Task-Based Block QR Factorization Performance* by Marcelo Cogo Miletto and Lucas Mello Schnorr that has been submited to Simpósio de Sistemas<br> Computacionais de Alto Desempenho (WSCAD) - 2019. This repository provides all the data and the code snippets used to generate the figures that are discussed inside the article, in a way that you can use them to reproduce our steps.</p>
The impact of severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome following cardiac arrest on neurologic outcomes
<p>Overall survival rates at 28 days in patients with and without ARDS. ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome</p>
Data for the publication "Impact of Isolated Atmospheric Aging processes on the Cloud Condensation Nucleiactivation of Soot Particles"
<p>The repository contains the data for the paper:</p> <p>Friebel, F., Lobo, P., Neubauer, D., Lohmann, U., Drossaart van Dusseldorp, S., Mühlhofer, E., and Mensah, A. A.: Impact of isolated atmospheric aging processes on the cloud condensation nuclei activation of soot particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 15545–15567, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15545-2019, 2019.</p> <p>Note that the scripts to plot this data are to be found in the accompanying package (http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3452036)</p>
Data for recreating figures of scientific paper by Hermanson et al on volcanic impacts on climate
<p>This data is the data necessary to recreate the figures that appear in a draft manuscript submitted to the AGU journal Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres for peer review. When / if the manuscript is accepted then the article will be linked from here. The data is in netcdf files. The data was created by processing (mainly averaging) data from five different institutions. It was given to the authors for the purpose of scientific research only.</p>
Impact of the ice thickness distribution discretization on the sea ice concentration variability in the NEMO3.6-LIM3 global ocean–sea ice model
<p>Model output and observational data and scripts corresponding to the manuscript "Impact of the ice thickness distribution discretization on the sea ice concentration variability in the NEMO3.6-LIM3 global ocean–sea ice model"</p> <p><strong>Abstract. </strong></p> <p>This study assesses the impact of different sea ice thickness distribution (ITD) configurations on the sea ice concentration (SIC) variability in ocean-standalone NEMO3.6-LIM3 simulations. Three ITD configurations with different numbers of sea ice thickness categories and boundaries are evaluated against three different satellite products (hereafter referred to as “data”). Typical model and data interannual SIC variability is characterized by k-means clustering both in the Arctic and Antarctica between 1979 and 2014 in two seasons, January–March and August–October, which show the largest coherence across clusters in individual months. Analysis in the Arctic is done before and after detrending the series with a 2nd degree polynomial to separate interannual from longer-term variability.</p> <p>Before detrending, winter clusters capture SIC response to atmospheric variability at both poles and summer cluster a positive and negative trend in the Arctic and Antarctic SIC respectively. After detrending, Arctic clusters reflect SIC response to interannual atmospheric variability predominantly. Model–data cluster comparison suggests that no specific ITD configuration or category number increases realism of the simulated Arctic and Antarctic SIC variability in winter. In the Arctic summer, more thin-ice categories decrease model–data agreement without detrending but increase agreement after detrending. Overall, a single-category configuration agrees the worst with data.</p> <p>Direct model–data comparison of SIC anomaly fields shows that more thick-ice categories improve winter SIC variability realism in Central Arctic regions with very thick ice. By contrast, more thin-ice categories reduce model–data agreement in the Central Arctic in summer, due to an overly large simulated sea ice volume.</p> <p>In summary, whereas better resolving thin ice in NEMO3.6-LIM3 can hamper model realism in the Arctic but improve it in Antarctica, more thick-ice categories increase realism in the Arctic winter. And although the single-category configuration performs the worst overall, no optimal configuration is identified. Our results suggest that no clear benefit is obtained from increasing the number of sea ice thickness categories beyond the current usual standard of 5 categories in NEMO3.6-LIM3.</p>
Data Repository for: SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF OIL PALM CONTRACT FARMING SCHEMES IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON
<p>Contract farming is arguably a pro-poor strategy to promote rural development and minimize the social impacts of large-scale agricultural expansion. Yet, little attention has been paid to its environmental impacts, particularly in tropical landscapes. This article fills this gap by linking social and environmental analysis of oil palm contract farming in the Brazilian Amazon. The analysis presented used a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods, including household surveys, remote sensing techniques, and in-depth interviews, to assess whether the scheme managed to avoid deforestation and to contribute to livelihood improvements. The results show that the Brazilian model managed to prevent the deforestation of primary forests, but achieved limited and differentiated livelihood results. The analysis suggests that the Brazilian model is more likely to work for households with an agricultural vocation and a commercial spirit in areas with an abundant availability of degraded lands, but can hardly be a solution in frontier areas or for subsistence or more dependent households. The chapter concludes with some reflections on how contract farming schemes should be designed in order to maximize livelihood gains and minimize negative environmental impacts.</p>
Figure 5 in Impact of rainforest conversion into monoculture plantation systems on pseudoscorpion density, diversity and trophic niches
Figure 5. Stable isotope values of pseudoscorpion species in different land-use systems; means with standard deviation. Dashed horizontal lines represent estimated trophic level boundaries; trophic level 1 (plant material) not shown. Decomposers feeding on detritus (trophic level 2) were assumed to be enriched in 15N by 1.7 ‰ compared to leaf litter, each following trophic level was assumed to span 3.4 ‰ (Post 2002; Potapov et al. 2019a). For abbreviations see Table 1.
Figure 3 in Impact of rainforest conversion into monoculture plantation systems on pseudoscorpion density, diversity and trophic niches
Figure 3. Bootstrap species accumulation curve based on the number of adult individuals in the studied land-use systems.
Figure 4 in Impact of rainforest conversion into monoculture plantation systems on pseudoscorpion density, diversity and trophic niches
Figure 4. Venn diagram of the species composition in the three land-use systems studied (rainforest, rubber, oil palm) in the Bukit Duabelas (left) and Harapan landscape (right). Landscape-specific species are underlined in red. The riparian-specific species in Harapan is underlined in cyan. For abbreviations see Table 1.
Figure 2 in Impact of rainforest conversion into monoculture plantation systems on pseudoscorpion density, diversity and trophic niches
Figure 2. Density of pseudoscorpions in litter and soil of the three land-use systems studied (rainforest, rubber, oil palm) in the Bukit Duabelas and Harapan landscape. Each data point represents one sampling plot (three pooled subplot samples). Only non-riparian sites are shown.
Figure 1 in Impact of rainforest conversion into monoculture plantation systems on pseudoscorpion density, diversity and trophic niches
Figure 1. Four species of pseudoscorpions found at the study sites. From left to right: Atemnidae sp.1, Lagynochthonius sp.1, Atemnidae sp.2, Hya minuta.
Figure 2 in Impacts of anthropogenic activities and habitat degradation on breeding waterbirds
Figure 2. Distribution and observation frequency of urbanization, industrialization, pollution, overgrazing, disturbance, and illegal reed cutting and burning threats in 2002.
Figure 1 in First Report of African Fig Fly, Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae), on the Island of Maui, Hawaii, USA, in 2017 and Potential Impacts to the Hawaiian Entomofauna
Figure 1. Thorax (a) and front tibia (b) of Zaprionus indianus collected on Maui. The lack of a white spot on the scutellum, and the presence of tibial spines, separates this species from Zaprionus ghesquierei.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.